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EVALUATION OF THE BIODIESEL POTENTIALS OF SELECTED PLANT BIOMASSES IN IBADAN NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA
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PHYTO-BENEFICIAL EFFECTS AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF RHIZOBACTERIA OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYSL.)
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NUTRIENT UTILISATION AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS FED DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED MUCUNA UTILIS MEALS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN-BASED DIET
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NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CASSAVA (Manihot esculentus, Crantz) TOPS AND GUINEA GRASS (Panicum maximum) FOR THE WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP
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PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGAL DEGRADED RICE BRAN AND PALM KERNEL CAKE SUBSTITUTED IN Clarias gariepinus FEEDS
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GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF LEAD IN SOILS, SEDIMENTS AND DUSTS OF IBADAN AND LAGOS, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Computer Science & IT 4 results 4
- Engineering & Technology 4 results 4
- Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning 3 results 3
- Climate change 2 results 2
- Nigeria 2 results 2
- "Clay bodies occur as lenses and interbeds within the predominantly shaley Akinbo Formation in the eastern Dahomey Basin. They are greenish to grayish, plastic, and in some places contain concretions. In order to assess their sedimentological significance as well as evaluate their potential as industrial raw materials, representative outcrop arid borehole samples .were subjected to mineralogical, chemical and physical characterization. Mineralogical determination by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, indicates kaolinite as the major clay mineral, with a range of 32.86-58.33%. Other constituents are illite (4.95%), smectite (2.87-14.29%) and palygorskite (2.87%). The non-clay minerals are quartz, K-feldspar, micas and graphite. In terms of chemical composition, the clay bodies. are characterised by the following; Si02 (52.96-55.84%), Al2O3 (16.22-17.74%) Fe203 (7.13-10.35%); CaO (4.65-7.95%)-; MgO (2.26-3.98%) while Na20, K2O, MnO, Ti02 and P2Os have individual values < 1%. The relatively high CaO reflect some contribution from the limestone bed underlying this formation. The clay specimens generally display colour ranging from grayish in fresh, to brownish-red on firing. Corresponding values of physical parameters include linear shrinkage (3.75-7.50%), plastic limit (23- 31%), liquid limit (48-56%), plasticity index (21-30%) and water absorption capacity (5.80-11.90%). The average silica sesquioxide and alumina-iron oxide ratios are respectively 2.17 and 2.08. These values are within the range suitable for clays or shales to be used in the manufacture of good quality cement. The clays have high silica content and are relatively rich in fluxing elements such as Ca and Mg, and could be utilized in the manufacture of domestic and sanitary earth wares. The high plasticity as reflected by the values of the relevant physical indices, and the general fineness qualify the clays to be useful as fillers or coating materials in paper and paint industries. They could also be useful in the production of construction bricks, ceramics, and with beneficiation, the quality might improve for other applications. " 1 results 1
- "Complementary foods were formulated from fonio and cowpea, indigenous cereal and legume grains respectively. Both fonio and cowpea grains were prepared into flours. Blends of 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 (w/w) fonio and cowpea flours respectively were 'prepared. The blends were conditioned to 22% moisture content (dry basis) by adding calculated distilled water and 5% vegetable oil was thoroughly mixed with each blend. The blends were separately extruded using a single screw extruder at 140 •C barrel temperature. The raw samples and extrudates were evaluated for proximate composition including crude protein, crude fibre, ash, fat, moisture using standard AOAC methods and trypsin inhibition activity using a recognized method. Nutritional quality of the extrudates was determined using rat feeding method. The animals were fed compounded experimental and control diets for 28 days. They were sacrificed after the experiment and their internal organs were removed and weighed. The results observed in this study revealed that blends of fonio and cowpea flours produced good complementary foods in terms of proximate composition especially protein content which increased with increase amount of cowpea in the blends. Protein content of formulated foods were 16.5- 20.3% compared to 7.91%' value for fonio alone. Trypsin inhibition activities were drastically reduced in the extrudates by 81-82% compared to the raw blends used to prepare them, Protein quality evaluation revealed that the extrudates compared favourably with casein diet at 10% isonitrogenous protein level in all attributed studied. The extrudates had high protein quality and can support the growth of infants in developing countries." 1 results 1
- "Evidence Based Medicine 1 results 1
- "The Akinbo Formation comprises a sequence of mostly dark, pale-greenish grey, laminated shale, slightly glauconitic shale, sandy shale with subordinate claystone lenses. Selected subsurface samples of the shaly facies as penetrated by Akinside 1582 well in eastern Dahomey basin, were investigated by sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical parameters to ascertain the hydrocarbon potential and deduce the influence of variations of clay mineral indicators on the prospect. Values of total organic carbon (TOC) range from 0.46 to 1.98wt. % while the soluble organic matter (SOM) ranges from 71 to 1940 ppm and portrays that the organic matter is fair to good and adequate. Bitumen ratios have values of 15.25 to 98.98mg ext/gTOC which suggest that the sediments are immature to marginally mature. Average major elemental composition indicates 68.08% SiO2 17.55% Alc23. 4.07%K2O, 1.82%CaO, 1.57%Na2O, 1.29%MgO,• 0.62%Fe,03 and 0.50%MnO. A moderate increase in K2O from 2.26 to 4.92wt. % with depth was observed and this corresponds with increase in illite content. Equally, an increase in AI203/ (Fe203 + MgO) ratio from 7.27 to 22.07 with depth points to increasing diagenetic conditions. Illite and illite/smectite (mixed layer clays) dominate the clay mineral assemblage (>50%) while kaolinite and smectite (ca.35%) are comparatively low. Kaolinite and smectite were observed to disappear with depth as well as an increase in illite crystallinity. Smectite disappearance occurs at approximately vitrinite reflectance of 0.5 %(VRo) and illite crystallinity values are from 0.16 to 1.6°20 , which are within values of normal burial diagenesis. It can be deduced that the shale is a potential source rock varying from immature to marginally mature with prospects to generate gas rather than oil at appropriate thermal maturity. The clay mineral diagenetic indicators show that the hydrocarbon potential might have been affected by geothermal and tectonic history. " 1 results 1
- "This research work investigated the effect of current density, bath concentration, bath solution volume and electroplating time on nickel electroplating of low carbon steel. Varying voltage between 0.3 and 0.8 V, bath concentration between 0.27 g/cm3 (0.79 mol/dm3) and 0.35 g/cm3 (1.02 mol/dm3), electroplating time between 10 and 30 minutes and bath solution volume between 200 and 700 cm3, the effect of these process variables on electroplating was studied. The temperature was kept in conformity with Watt’s method at 50 ±5°C. It was observed that a bath concentration of 0.31 g/cm3 (0.89 Mol/ dm3) concentration gave the best nickel deposit at 0.5V for 15 minutes. This would correspond to a Watt solution of composition: nickel sulphate-230 g/l, nickel chloride- 46.5 g/l and boric acid-30.8 g/l with a pH of 4.18. Higher Watt bath concentration did not yield good results as plating thickness decreased and there was no luster. It was also observed that increasing time of plating served to increase plating thickness and did not affect brightness of plating. However non-uniform nickel deposition was observed for longer plating time. Increase in voltage served to increase rate of electrodeposition with the exceptions of 0.7 V where a long streak of plating was observed on substrate instead of uniform plating and 0.8V where plating lacked brightness having a burnt appearance. Bath volumes of between 200-500 cm3 were observed to be best for the coupons used (15mm × 20mm). Bath volumes above 500cm3 gave black plating appearance. " 1 results 1
- 16S rDNA gene 1 results 1
- A stuck' was carried out to determine the effect of a raw diatomaceous earth (DE) obtained fromBularafa community in Yobe State, Nigeria on the proximate composition of stored cowpea variety (IT96D-610K). Twelve small scale prototype silos made of two different structures (wooden and galvanised mild steel (GMS)) were constructed and used in the storage of the cowpea for a 4-month period. 7000g of cowpea at 9.88% moisture content admixed withdiatomaceous earth havingtwo different particle sizes(0.075mm and 0.090mm) and three different concentrations(0.1g, 0.05g and 0g of DE/100g of cowpea)in varying combinations were loaded into each silo. The sample admixed with zero concentration of diatomaceous earth served as the control in each of the wooden and galvanised steel structures respectively. Temperature, relative humidity and moisture content within the storage structures were monitored. Proximate compositionsuch as ash, crude protein, fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate alongside moisture content were also measured.Significant differences (p<0.05) was observed between the control sample and treated samples.The values of moisture content, ash content and crude fibre increased while crude protein, fat and carbohydrate decreased with increased storage period. At the last month of storage, wooden silo recorded a higher temperature value (28.88˚C) compared to the galvanised steel (GMS) silo which showed (22.30˚C). An increase in moisture content was observed in both silos with wooden silos showing a higher percentage rise in both control and treated samples. At the end of the fourth month the average moisture content, ash content, crude protein, fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate content of control and treated samples were(10.57% and 13.39%), (4.12% and 4.16%), (22.75% and 22.69%),(1.95% and 1.90%),(2.21% and 2.23%) and (57.75% and 55.63%) in the GMS and wooden silos respectively.Cowpea admixed with diatomaceous earth stored in GMS silo showed the best nutritional quality. Hence of all the storage materials, storage time, particle size and concentration of DE used galvanised mild steel (GMS), 0.075mm particle size and 0.05g of DE/100g of cowpea for the first four weeks of storage were seen to be the best. These proved to be the best method of storage for cowpea as the procedure retained its proximate composition. The increased crude fibre level in the treated samples is a major indicator for good health 1 results 1
- ATO model 1 results 1
- Abuja Ushafa clay 1 results 1
- Acceptability 1 results 1
- Aluminum anode 1 results 1
- Animal protein 1 results 1
- Anthropogenic influence 1 results 1
- Aquaculture 1 results 1
- Background: Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine for over 50 years, measles remains a leading cause of death among young children in developing countries. Aim: This study assessed the knowledge and home treatment of measles by caregivers of children under 5 years. Setting: Abebi community, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 509 caregivers of children aged 6 months to 5 years in a semi-urban community in Ibadan was conducted using a multi-stage sampling method. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of aetiology, main symptoms and signs, and home treatment of measles. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to explore associations at 5% level of significance. Results: Most of the caregivers were females (96.3%), married (86.1%) and were the biological parents of the children (90.9%). More than half had good knowledge of the cause (59.7%) and main symptoms and signs (52.8%) of measles. However, the composite knowledge was good in 57.6% of caregivers. Over half (54.4%) of the caregivers reported that their children ever had measles. Majority (91.3%) of caregivers whose children had measles gave home treatment, while 24 (8.7%) sought treatment from health facilities alone. There was a significant association between caregivers’ educational status, age, tribe and marital status and their knowledge of measles; however, tribe was the only significant predictor of knowledge after regression analysis. Caregivers from other tribes were 3.3 times more likely to have good knowledge of measles than Yoruba caregivers. Caregivers who were 35 years and older compared to those younger than 35 years (OR: 0.625; 95% CI: 0.425–0.921) and those who were not currently married compared to those married (OR: 0.455; 95% CI: 0.273–0.758) had lower odds of having good knowledge of measles, respectively. Conclusion: Home treatment by caregivers of children with measles is high. Health education on the cause, prevention and treatment of measles should be provided for caregivers. 1 results 1
- Background: Release-retarding polymers in matrix tablets play a vital role in controlling drug release from tablets. Objectives: To prepare metoprolol succinate tablets by direct compression using Ofada rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) starch acetate, degree of substitution (DS) 2.22, as a matrix for sustained release. Materials and methods: The central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate the interactive effects of three variables: percent content of starch acetate (X1), compression pressure (X2) and compression time (X3), on tablet crushing strength, friability and dissolution time (t80). Results: Crushing strength was 90.0 to 140.50 N; Friability 0.05 to 0.90% and t80 5.75 to 11.50 h. X1 and X2 had significant effects on crushing strength and dissolution time (p < 0.0001). The interactions between X1 and X2 and those between X1 and X3 were significant on crushing strength and dissolution time, and on friability respectively (p < 0.0001). The correlation coefficients indicated that the regression model represented the experimental data well (R2 = 0.9971 and R2 (Adj) = 0.9944 for crushing strength; R2 = 0.9976 and R2 (Adj) = 0.9954 for friability; R2 = 0.9979 and R2 (Adj) = 0.9961 for t80). Optimized conditions for formulation of metoprolol succinate tablets were 60 %w/w Ofada starch acetate; 150 MNm-2 compression pressure and 60s compression time. Conclusion: Optimized formulations of metoprolol tablets containing Ofada starch acetate with good mechanical strength and prolonged dissolution can be obtained when process conditions are adjusted within the reported values. 1 results 1
- Background: The African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) showed that surgical patients in Africa have a mortality twice the global average. Existing risk assessment tools are not valid for use in this population because the pattern of risk for poor outcomes differs from high6income countries. The objective of this study was to derive and validate a simple, preoperative risk stratification tool to identify African surgical patients at risk for in-hospital postoperative mortality and severe complications. Methods: ASOS was a 7-day prospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing surgery in Africa. The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator was constructed with a multivariable logistic regression model for the outcome of in-hospital mortality and severe postoperative complications. The following preoperative risk factors were entered into the model; age, sex, smoking status, ASA physical status, preoperative chronic comorbid conditions, indication for surgery, urgency, severity, and type of surgery. Results: The model was derived from 8799 patients from 168 African hospitals. The composite outcome of severe postoperative complications and death occurred in 423/8799(4.8%) patients. The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator includes the following risk factors: age, ASA physical status, indication for surgery, urgency, severity, and type of surgery. The model showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.805 and good calibration with c-statistic corrected for optimism of 0.784. Conclusions: This simple preoperative risk calculator could be used to identify high-risk surgical patients in African hospitals and facilitate increased postoperative surveillance. 1 results 1
- Biodiesel production 1 results 1
- Butterflies are considered as good ecological indicators for other invertebrate and as surrogate representatives of environmental quality changes. Their occurrence and diversity in populations contribute to thriving ecosystems and can indicate the state of an ecosystem’s health. Though, there is high increase in habitat fragmentation of most protected area. However, information on butterfly species abundance, richness on different habitat is limited in the study area. The study assessed the diversity and abundance butterfly species in relation to its environmental factors. Sampling was done quantitatively using three complementary methods, line transect (walk-and-counts), hand nets, and fruit bait traps in June and July 2018. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, diversity indices and Pearson’s correlation. A total of 646 individual representing 40 butterfly species belonging to 5 families in the order Lepidoptera were recorded across the three different habitats. Members of Nymphalidae family occurred most and accounted for 57.5% species and 63.3% total number of individual species with Acrsea serena been the most dominant across the habitats. Forest habitat had the highest species composition (n = 316). Generally, species abundance (31.0%), richness (33.7%) and family composition (33.7%) respectively, were recorded more through visual count method, while mean species abundance (26.1%) encountered higher with hand-net method. There was no significant relationship between the environmental factors and the total number of individuals or species richness. But rainfall was found to be positively correlated with the species diversity and abundance. Hence, understanding the factors affecting butterfly species diversity and abundance in IITA is very important for conservation purposes. 1 results 1
- By-products 1 results 1
- Carbon sequestration 1 results 1
- Carbon stock 1 results 1
- Caregivers 1 results 1
- Cassava Tops (CT), a crop residue, is available all year round but its potential utilisation is low. The Crude Protein (CP) and other nutrients in CT could be beneficial to ruminant livestock. Information on CT preservation and nutritive value is scanty. Therefore, the nutritive value of ensiled CT with Guinea grass to the West African Dwarf (WAD) Sheep was investigated. Cassava tops and Guinea Grass (GG) of eight weeks re-growth with four energy additives were combined in ratio 3:6:1 into five treatments: 1 (CT + GG + cassava chips), 2 (CT + GG + Sorghum), 3 (CT + GG+ millet grains), 4 (CT + GG + sugar ) and 5 (CT + GG + no additive). After 42 days of ensiling, silage characteristics, chemical composition: Dry Matter (DM), CP, ash, Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), and Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) and acceptability by 8 WADS using Coefficient of Preference (CoP) procedure were determined. In a completely randomised design, 25 WAD sheep were fed with the five silages for 135 days to evaluate Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Daily Weight Gain (DWG), Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Serum Total Protein (STP) using standard procedures. Carcass characteristics: dressing percentage, prima cuts, internal organs and external offals were measured. Further, effect of Length of Storage (LS) (72, 102, 132, 162, 192 and 222 days) on silage characteristics, chemical composition and the nutritive value of silage were assessed using in vitro fermentation technique to obtain potential extent of gas production (a+b), potential gas production (b), rate of gas production (c), Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), Metabolisable Energy (ME) and Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05. The colour of the silages was olive green with pleasant odour, firm texture and pH range of 4.3 to 5.1. Dry Matter (27.1-28.8%), CP (21.8-24.9%), ash (7.6-9.4%), NDF (68.8-71.7%) and ADF (40.6-48.1%) of the silages differed significantly among treatments. Silages with cassava chips (1.19), sorghum (1.11) and millet (1.09) additives were more acceptable as CoP was above unity. The DMI (472.6-530.0 g/d) and DMD (75.8-84.7%) differed significantly while DWG was similar among treatments. The PCV and STP varied significantly and ranged from 27.0 to 33.7% and 6.08 to 8.20g/dl respectively. Dressing percentages ranging from 50.8 to 53.8% were significantly different. The Prima cuts (loin; 12.0-14.9%, rack; 15.6-18.9%, neck; 10.3-12.1%), liver (7.4-8.1%) and skin (1.5-1.8%) were significantly different. Relative weight of leg, shoulder, head, feet and other organs were not significantly different. The DM (28.0-29.6%), CP (23.7-27.1%), ash (8.8-10.0%), NDF (57.9-71.5%), and ADF (44.1-49.8%) were all significantly influenced by LS. Gas production (17.67-30.07 ml/96 hours), b (16.20-28.00ml), ME (6.09-7.68 MJ/kg DM), OMD (62.9-73.2%) and SCFA (0.48-0.78 mmol) were also significantly influenced by LS.Cassava tops and Guinea grass ensiled with all additives used, had good silage properties and enhanced nutritive value. Preservation of silages was possible for seven months without loss of nutrients 1 results 1
- Cassava tops 1 results 1
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