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Sustaining the Roles of Non-Timber Forest Products in Rural Poverty-Reduction and Household Food Security in Nigeria
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INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY PRICE SHOCKS AND NIGERIAN HOUSEHOLDS, 2006 - 2011
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 5 results 5
- Acceptability 2 results 2
- COVID-19 2 results 2
- Climate change 2 results 2
- Codeine-containing products 2 results 2
- Dependence 2 results 2
- Dependency 2 results 2
- Economic development 2 results 2
- Job satisfaction 2 results 2
- Opioids misuse 2 results 2
- Roman upper classes 2 results 2
- Slavery 2 results 2
- Slavery conditions 2 results 2
- The ancient Roman society was not duplicitous about its socioeconomic dependence upon slaves. This paper, while presenting the developments that brought about slavery or slave conditions during the late Republic and at the beginning of the Roman Empire, dwells on the role of the Roman upper classes in making slaves constant features of Roman agriculture, industry, domestic life, entertainment and virtually all other facets of Roman life. The paper illustrates the upper classes' taste for slavery and their principal part as the promoters of the institution with Plutarch's reference to the Roman statesman, Cato, in Plutarch's Parallel Lives. With the active and preponderant role of the wealthy and influential Romans' use of slaves to function and maintain their political, social, and economic life at this time, the paper notes that Rome's historical pre-eminence would be non- existent without slaves. Therefore, it is concluded that the record of the Roman upper classes in creating slavery conditions and in entrenching slavery suggests that a successful fight against slavery in any form could only mean a deliberate fight against the rich and the powerful or breaking free from the yoke of the oppressors whose desire for slaves is unending. A study on Roman stories of manumission would be a good follow up to this work. 2 results 2
- University of Ibadan 2 results 2
- User education 2 results 2
- "Forest outputs are broadly classified into timber and Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). While the timber component has been widely acknowledged as great contributor to both national and local economies, the equally important non-timber component had received little attention from social scientists and development planners until very recently. Non-timber forest products are all those goods and services of biological origin obtained from forests or associated ecosystems, which contribute directly or indirectly to human welfare. The non-timber forest products contribute immensely to household food security and income generation in Nigeria. Hence they play a significant role in rural poverty reduction. In Nigeria poverty, incidence had increased from 27.2% in 1980 to 65.6% in 1996. This disturbing trend has prompted the federal government and international agencies to formulate various programs aimed at reducing the poverty incidence in the country. Many of such programs have however failed to achieve the desired objectives because they failed to understand the intimate relationship between the rural people and their immediate environment. The poor depends largely on land and various plants and animal resources obtainable from it. The closely interwoven relationship between the people and their biotic environment should be carefully understood and adjusted in such a way that the ecosystem balance is sustained. This study examines the significant roles played by non-timber forest products in rural livelihood sustenance in Nigeria. Various strategies for sustainable production and utilization of the products are discussed. " 1 results 1
- Acetylation 1 results 1
- Adaptation Strategies 1 results 1
- Agriculture 1 results 1
- Aluminum anode 1 results 1
- Amaranth is an underutilised crop with great potential as a source of essential nutrients. It also contains bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. However, its characterisation for agronomic and nutritional traits is limited. Likewise, information on its hepatoprotective potential is scarce. In this study Amaranthus accessions were characterised using phenotypic and molecular markers. The quality of its seed protein and hepatoprotective activity of its Ethanol Seed Extract (ESE) on sodium arsenite (NaAS)-induced toxicity in male rats were also investigated. Twenty-nine accessions (27 from the United States Agricultural Research Station and 2 from National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan) were characterised using 27 phenotypic traits and 16 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Protein quality was assessed using Kjedahl method, amino acid analyzer and one-dimensional electrophoresis. The ESE of all accessions were analysed for phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities. Two out of the 29 accessions with the highest nutritional contents were used for hepatoprotective study. Experimental design consisted of two main groups (representing the two accessions), each consisting of eight treatment groups of 5 rats each. Treatment groups comprised of control, NaAS (2.5mg/kg body weight), amaranth seed extracts (100, 200, 300 mg/kg body weight) and NaAS plus amaranth seed extracts (100, 200, 300 mg/kg). After 14 days of treatment, serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) activities were assayed spectrophotometrically. Hepatic Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activities were assayed likewise. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Cluster at p=0.05. For phenotypic traits, 57.5% variability was observed and accessions were grouped into five clusters. The RAPD analysis yielded 193 loci. Genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 while dendogram grouped accessions into nine clusters. Total protein contents ranged from 11.8 to 19.0%. Total essential amino acids ranged from 31.2 to 44.9% and were limited in tryptophan and leucine. Albumin, globulin and glutelin were the major protein fractions. Phytate, total flavonoid, total polyphenol, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total antioxidant and 2, 2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) values ranged from 0.8-1.9%; 7.8-11.0mg/100g; 23.9-35.4mg/100g; 82.8-95.4%; 111.3-271.6%; 157.6-208.8mM Trolox Equivalent (TE), respectively. Accessions A23 (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, AHC) and A28 (Amaranthus hybridus, AHB) had higher protein and phytochemical contents than the other accessions. The activities of ALT (16.7±1.0U/L) and GGT (3.5±0.9U/L) in NaAS-treated group were significantly higher than control (ALT - 9.4±1.3U/L, GGT - 1.7±0.7U/L) and lower in groups treated with AHC plus NaAS (100mg/kg - 14.1±0.8U/L, 3.2±0.6U/L), (200mg/kg - 12.6±0.3U/L, 2.6±1.1U/L) and (300mg/kg - 9.2±0.2U/L, 1.7±0.7U/L). Activities of ALT and GGT were also lower in AHB plus NaAS treated groups (100mg/kg - 12.5±1.4U/L, 2.9±0.7U/L), (200mg/kg - 11.8±0.8U/L, 2.3±0.9U/L), and (300mg/kg - 8.6±2.7U/L, 1.8±0.6U/L) when compared with NaAS-treated group. Hepatic SOD, Catalase and GPx activities were significantly lower in NaAS-treated group when compared with control and groups administered different doses of the amaranth extracts. Amaranth accessions A23 (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) and A28 (Amaranthus hybridus) contained a good balance of essential amino acids and the ethanol extract showed dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity. The diverse clusters can be used as parents in hybridization programmes. 1 results 1
- Amaranthus 1 results 1
- Antimicrobial activity 1 results 1
- Apathy 1 results 1
- Artificial Insemination by Donor (AID) 1 results 1
- Background Misuse and dependency of opioids especially codeine-containing products is of increasing global concern. Inappropriate use of opioids among healthcare students could affect quality of service and ethical conducts of these future professionals, thereby putting the society at risk. Objectives To evaluate knowledge and perception of medical and pharmacy students in a Nigerian tertiary University on use of opioids with focus on codeine-containing products. Methods A cross-sectional survey among 335- medical and 185-pharmacy students from University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between September and December 2018, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results Codeine-containing cough syrup was the most commonly used opioid-products (163;31.3%) among the students. Majority (469;90.2%) had good perception about codeine-containing products, while 319(61.3%) had poor knowledge of opioids usage. Logistic-regression shows that students who experienced some side-effects they would like to experience again, 36.31[AOR=36.31, 95% CI: (10.89-121.12)] and those pressured into using codeine-containing products, 11.77[AOR=11.77, CI=95% (2.50-55.38)] had more tendency of misuse. Conclusion Misuse of codeine-containing products among medical and pharmacy students is obvious. Peer-influence and experience of some effects are significant predictors of misuse among the students. Thus, healthcare curriculum should incorporate preventive program on medication misuse, while policy that favours peersupport program on medication misuse is advocated for healthcare students. 1 results 1
- Background: Academic achievement is interestingly an important issue; a fundamental premium upon which all teaching learning activities are measured using some criteria of excellence e.g. good academic performance, poor academic performance and academic failure. Aims: This study examines locus of control, interest in schooling and self-efficacy as predictors of academic achievement of Junior Secondary School Students. Sample: The sample of the study consisted of 500 students comprising 300 boys and 200 girls. These were selected from twenty-five secondary schools through stratified random techniques. The stratification factor used was the class of the students. Method: An ex-post-facto research design is adopted. Three independents variables (Locus of Control, Interest in schooling and self-efficacy) with the dependent variable (academic achievement) are measured with relevant standardized instruments. Two research questions are developed and answered. Results: The results indicate that locus of control, interest in schooling and self efficacy jointly and relatively contribute significantly to the prediction of academic achievement of the Junior Secondary School Students. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the simultaneous need to continuously stimulate the interest of the students and teach them time management, and for teachers to see all the three variables as equally important and to help students improve on them was emphasized. 1 results 1
- Background: Artificial insemination by donor (AID) is specifically indicated in cases of incurable male infertility. Acceptability depends on perceptions largely influenced by religious and sociocultural perspectives. Male factor accounts for 20-50% of the causes of infertility and shows geographic variation in Nigeria. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey of all infertile women attending the gynecology clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January and June 2014. 181 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all consenting infertile women, however only 163 were suitable for analysis. Data analysis was descriptive and inferential at 95% confidence interval and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The mean duration of infertility was 5.7 ± 4.33 years. Fifty seven (35.0%) respondents were willing to accept artificial insemination by donor, while ninety three (57.1%) were unwilling to accept artificial insemination. Socio-cultural factor (48.1%) was the major reason for non-acceptability of artificial insemination by donor. Acceptability of AID was influenced by adequate knowledge about the procedure (P < 0.01). Sixty percent of the respondents had good knowledge and over half of them obtained the information from the news/print media. In this Study, acceptability of AID was not influenced by the age of the respondents, family structure, duration or type of infertility or educational status. (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed a low acceptance rate for Artificial insemination by donor. Providing information on AID as a treatment option during counseling and routine infertility management may be the needed drive to improve awareness and promote uptake when necessary. 1 results 1
- Background: IgG antibodies may serve as promising targets to detect and evaluate immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Both IgA and IgM antibodies target the spike protein’s receptor binding domain and are rapidly decayed, while IgG antibodies remain relatively stable for longer periods in COVID-19 patients. Objectives: The current study was designed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among convalescent COVID-19 patients and to evaluate the relationship between these antibodies, the symptom grade and their baseline Cycle Threshold (CT) by RT-PCR. Methods: Eighty-nine convalescent COVID-19 patients on admission were recruited and tested until negative by RT-PCR. Sera obtained from participants were screened for SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies using rapid lateral flow assays. Results: It was observed that 93,3% and 77,5% respectively had IgM and IgG antibodies against the S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2. Majority (74,0%) presented with mild COVID-19 symptoms with a mean RT-PCR Ct value of 31,4. Conclusion: Convalescent COVID-19 patients develop a fairly good level of IgG antibodies. Theantibody status is not dependent on CT value or symptom grade. However, there was a significant correlation between baseline CT and time taken to test negative by RT-PCR. 1 results 1
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