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Foliar epidermal and pollen characters in the genus Cola Schott. & Endl. in Nigeria
Published 2005Call Number: Loading…
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TAXONOMIC REVISION IN THE GENUS COLA SCHOTT. AND ENDL. IN NIGERIA
Published 2012Call Number: Loading…
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Manufacture of abrasive grinding wheel using silicon carbide abrasive materials
Published 2010-04Call Number: Loading…
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NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ENSILED CASSAVA (Manihot esculentus, Crantz) TOPS AND GUINEA GRASS (Panicum maximum) FOR THE WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Grain yield 4 results 4
- Combining ability 3 results 3
- Crop rotation 2 results 2
- Glomus etunicatum 2 results 2
- Hybrid 2 results 2
- Integrated weed management 2 results 2
- Intercropping 2 results 2
- Low soil nitrogen 2 results 2
- Quality protein maize 2 results 2
- Rhizobium japonicum 2 results 2
- "The importance of cereal gruel as a highly nutritious food for infants in many countries in Africa cannot be overstated. Conventional methods of producing The importance of cereal gruel as a highly nutritious food for infants in many countries in Africa cannot be overstated. Conventional methods of producing these food-slurries prior to their consumption as food cannot meet up with the high demand for these gruels This current work is targeted at developing various archetypal machines for the improvement of the production of these food slurries. Three prototype machines have been developed and discussed in this paper, namely, the suction sieving machine, the vibration sieving machine and the continuous flow multi-stage milling machine. The results of performance analyses on these archetypal machines are presented and compared to ascertain their efficiencies and their appropriateness for different operations respectively. The results show that the machines have increased the sieving rate of steeped grain and in extension the production of these food-slurries by over 50%. Design considerations for a dual processing machine-assembly that combines the sieving and milling processes into a single operation is herein presented as the focus for future works. Conclusively, this work presents a remarkable contribution to research on the improvement of the production of various cereals gruels in Nigeria and many developing nations through the introduction of new processing technologies. " 1 results 1
- A combination of stresses as it occurs on the field poses more challenges to crop production than individual stress. Crops’ response to single stress also differs from that of combined stresses. The morpho-physiological responses of two cowpea varieties (IT89KD-288 and IT99K573-1-1) to a combination of stresses (water deficit stress and high light intensity) were investigated at different growth stages. Three levels of light intensities (L3: 259 Lux- 36%, L2: 394 Lux-55% and L1: 710.2 Lux-100%) were imposed using one, two and zero layer(s) of the net, respectively, while, water deficit stress at four levels (W1: no water stress; 0-5 bars, W2: moderate water stress; 5-15 bars, W3: moderately-severe; 15-40 bars and W4: severe water stress; 40-70 bars) was imposed differently at vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Data were collected on the cowpea yield, Leaf Temperature (LT), Chlorophyll (C), Photosynthesis (P), Stomatal Conductance (SC) and Canopy Transpiration Rate (CTR). Exposure to W4 under L1 considerably reduced cowpea yield by 80% compared to those grown under L3 and full watering. Reduced light intensity enhanced cowpea grain yield irrespective of water deficit stress and IT89KD-288 was superior to IT99K573-1-1. Reduction in light intensity also increased the SC from 55.18 in L1 to 76.88 in 36 % L3. Full light intensity without water stress (100% light intensity), increased C content, while severe water stress reduced the C content and CTR. Photosynthesis was, however, reduced under low light intensity compared to 100% light intensity. It was also observed that water deficit stress imposed at the reproductive stage did not affect P, CTR and SC unlike that of the vegetative stage. In conclusion, reduced light intensity enhanced cowpea tolerance to water deficit and increased yield. Cowpea response was dependent on growth stage, variety and severity of stress. 1 results 1
- Abrasive materials are materials of extreme hardness that are used to shape other materials by a grinding or abrading action and they are used either as loose grains, as grinding wheels, or as coatings on cloth or paper. A grinding wheel is made of very small, sharp and hard silicon carbide abrasive particles or grits held together by strong porous bond. The manufacture of silicon carbide abrasives and grinding wheel in Nigeria has been severely impeded by the difficulty of identifying suitable local raw materials and the associated local formulation for abrasives and grinding wheel with global quality standards. This paper presents a study on the formulation and manufacture of abrasive grinding wheel using silicon carbide abrasive grains in Nigeria. Six local raw material substitutes were identified through pilot study and with the initial mix of the identified materials, a systematic search for an optimal formulation of silicon carbide, the intermediate product, was conducted using the Taguchi method. The mixture was fired in a furnace to 1800°C for 6 hours forming silicon carbide chunks, which were crushed and sieved into coarse and fine grades of abrasive grains. Combining each grade with appropriate proportion of latex binder to form paste in a compressed mould cavity of desired shape and size, coarse and fine grinding wheels of international standard were produced. 1 results 1
- Additive and non-additive effects 1 results 1
- Additive gene effect 1 results 1
- Association among traits 1 results 1
- Biomechanical strain 1 results 1
- Breeding for drought tolerance and increased grain yield is vital in mitigating the threat posed by recurrent drought stress on maize production, as well as tackling malnutrition with plant-based food products. The study was conducted to assess the combining ability of yellow maize lines and the performance of their single-cross hybrids under drought and rain-fed conditions. A total of 24 yellow maize inbred lines from CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute Maize Improvement Programme gene pool were selected and inter-mated using North Carolina II mating design to generate 96 single-cross hybrids. The 96 hybrids together with four advanced hybrids used as checks (a total of 100 hybrids) were evaluated under drought and rain-fed conditions for two years using a 10 × 10 lattice design with two replications. The hybrids differed significantly in their grain yield (GY) and agronomic performance under the growing conditions. In the present study, drought stress reduced GY by 50.3%. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for GY and its related traits were significant. Even though additive and non-additive gene actions controlled the inheritance of the traits, additive gene action was found to be more important than non-additive genetic effects. Hybrids 27, 81 and 68 on the other hand 89, 18 and 26 were identified as the outstanding genotypes under drought and rain-fed conditions, respectively. These hybrids should be extensively evaluated under varied conditions and commercialized to enhance food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa. 1 results 1
- Breeding maize with high contents of zinc, iron and provitamin A (PVA) could be effective in mitigating micronutrient deficiency in developing countries with a high reliance on maize-based diets. Information on the mode of inheritance of zinc, iron, PVA and grain yield (GY) would facilitate the development of varieties with enhanced contents of these nutrients. Twenty-four yellow to orange maize inbred lines and their 96 F1 hybrids generated using North Carolina Design II, were evaluated alongside four checks for two years at two locations in Nigeria. The effects of environment, hybrid and inbred line were significant for GY and contents of zinc, iron and PVA. The GY, and contents of zinc, iron and PVA of the hybrids ranged from 1.49 to 6.05 t ha1, 22.51 to 33.33 mg kg1, 20.04 to 29.65 mg kg1 and 3.55 to 15.28 _g g1, respectively. Additive gene effects controlled the accumulation of PVA and Fe, whereas both additive and non-additive gene effects controlled the inheritance of Zn and GY. Inbred lines with high general combining ability for GY and single or multiple micronutrients were identified, and could be used to develop hybrids and synthetics that combine high GY with high micronutrient content. Six hybrids combined high GY with high contents of all three micronutrients, and are recommended for further evaluation and possible release. Our study revealed the feasibility of enriching maize with multiple micronutrients without compromising grain yield. 1 results 1
- Cassava Tops (CT), a crop residue, is available all year round but its potential utilisation is low. The Crude Protein (CP) and other nutrients in CT could be beneficial to ruminant livestock. Information on CT preservation and nutritive value is scanty. Therefore, the nutritive value of ensiled CT with Guinea grass to the West African Dwarf (WAD) Sheep was investigated. Cassava tops and Guinea Grass (GG) of eight weeks re-growth with four energy additives were combined in ratio 3:6:1 into five treatments: 1 (CT + GG + cassava chips), 2 (CT + GG + Sorghum), 3 (CT + GG+ millet grains), 4 (CT + GG + sugar ) and 5 (CT + GG + no additive). After 42 days of ensiling, silage characteristics, chemical composition: Dry Matter (DM), CP, ash, Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), and Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) and acceptability by 8 WADS using Coefficient of Preference (CoP) procedure were determined. In a completely randomised design, 25 WAD sheep were fed with the five silages for 135 days to evaluate Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Daily Weight Gain (DWG), Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Serum Total Protein (STP) using standard procedures. Carcass characteristics: dressing percentage, prima cuts, internal organs and external offals were measured. Further, effect of Length of Storage (LS) (72, 102, 132, 162, 192 and 222 days) on silage characteristics, chemical composition and the nutritive value of silage were assessed using in vitro fermentation technique to obtain potential extent of gas production (a+b), potential gas production (b), rate of gas production (c), Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), Metabolisable Energy (ME) and Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05. The colour of the silages was olive green with pleasant odour, firm texture and pH range of 4.3 to 5.1. Dry Matter (27.1-28.8%), CP (21.8-24.9%), ash (7.6-9.4%), NDF (68.8-71.7%) and ADF (40.6-48.1%) of the silages differed significantly among treatments. Silages with cassava chips (1.19), sorghum (1.11) and millet (1.09) additives were more acceptable as CoP was above unity. The DMI (472.6-530.0 g/d) and DMD (75.8-84.7%) differed significantly while DWG was similar among treatments. The PCV and STP varied significantly and ranged from 27.0 to 33.7% and 6.08 to 8.20g/dl respectively. Dressing percentages ranging from 50.8 to 53.8% were significantly different. The Prima cuts (loin; 12.0-14.9%, rack; 15.6-18.9%, neck; 10.3-12.1%), liver (7.4-8.1%) and skin (1.5-1.8%) were significantly different. Relative weight of leg, shoulder, head, feet and other organs were not significantly different. The DM (28.0-29.6%), CP (23.7-27.1%), ash (8.8-10.0%), NDF (57.9-71.5%), and ADF (44.1-49.8%) were all significantly influenced by LS. Gas production (17.67-30.07 ml/96 hours), b (16.20-28.00ml), ME (6.09-7.68 MJ/kg DM), OMD (62.9-73.2%) and SCFA (0.48-0.78 mmol) were also significantly influenced by LS.Cassava tops and Guinea grass ensiled with all additives used, had good silage properties and enhanced nutritive value. Preservation of silages was possible for seven months without loss of nutrients 1 results 1
- Cassava tops 1 results 1
- Coarse-grained model 1 results 1
- Cola 1 results 1
- Cola Schott.&Endl.is a genus of about 125 species of which about 31 species are available in Nigeria. The species play vital roles in social, cultural, religious and commercial lives of Nigerians. There has been no comprehensive systematic approach to the taxonomy of Cola and identification of the various species has been difficult. The aim of the study was to revise the genus Cola in Nigeria for easy identification and classification. Twenty one species of Cola found mainly in the forests of southeastern Nigeria were studied. Specimens (147) in the herbaria of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, University of Ibadan and Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria were also examined. Selected vegetative and reproductive characters were assessed and leaf epidermal morphology as well as transverse sections of the leaf blade and petiole were done using standard methods. Pollen morphology was studied using the Erdtmanacetolysis method. Photomicrographs were obtained using a camera-mounted microscope. Phytochemical screening of the leaves was carried out following standard methods for alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, flavonoids, resins, balsams and tannins. Principal components analysis and dendrograms of the characters were constructed to elucidate taxonomic relationships among the taxa. Leaves were mainly glabrous but sometimes hispid, scabrous and tomentose and might be lobed, elliptic, ovate or oblong in shape. C. anomala had three leaves at a node while C. verticillata had three or more in whorls. Flowers were of different colours and were borne on stem (6), branches (5) or leaf axils (10). The fruits which were either solitary (4) or in stellate (17) forms were ellipsoid (12), long and flat (1), sub-cylindrical (2), oblong (1), sub-globose (3), boat-shaped (1) and ovoid (1). Epidermal cells were either polygonal or irregular in the species and stellate trichomes were observed in C. gigantea. Stomata were either anomocytic, paracytic or anisocytic. All taxa were hypostomatic except in C. acuminata and C. nitida. Peltate hairs were restricted to petiole of C. lepidota.Turfted and single uniseriate hairs were widely distributed while vascular bundles of the petiole were either collateral or bicollateral in the genus. Palisade cells were mostly elongated and single layered in the leaves. Pollens were generally prolate-spheroidal or sub-prolate but prolate in C. heterophylla which had a combination of triporate and dicolpate pollen grains. Alkaloids were absent in all taxa while other metabolites were either present or absent. The groupings obtained from numerical analysis showed affinity among the species in conformity to current classification of the genus. The characters observed were used to construct a key for the taxa. The classification of the genus obtained from the variability of characters of the taxa was in agreement with the current classification. An indented dichotomous key was constructed for the identification of the species. 1 results 1
- Continuous maize production 1 results 1
- Correlation 1 results 1
- Cover crop density 1 results 1
- Cowpea 1 results 1
- Crop Health 1 results 1
- Crop Rotation (CR) and planting of Cover Crops (CC) are important methods of weed management for sustainable crop production.These and various other methods are usually integrated to enhance weed management in crop production. While reports abound on integrated weed management involving these and other practices, there is inadequate information on integrated use of Pre-emergence Herbicides (PH), CC, and CR in maize production. Therefore, effects of continuous use of CC with PH were evaluated in Ibadan for maize production. Hundred, 75, 50 and 25% of the recommended rates of maize-based PH (atrazine, atrazine+ metolaclor® and metolaclor®) were evaluated on the performance of Cowpea (α), Melon (β), Pumpkin (γ) and “Akidi” (Vigna unguiculata sub-sp sesquipedalis) (θ).The densities of 10,000 and 20,000 plants/ha for γ and α/β/θ respectively were integrated with the effective minimum dose of the PH and evaluated on weed control and maize performance. The appropriate sequence of the CC complemented with hoe-weeding at four Weeks After Sowing (WAS) for weed suppression in intensive maize cropping over four cropping cycles in two years was also evaluated in randomized complete block design. The CC sequences were combinations of any of γ/βand θ/α in early and late seasons (βθγα/βαγθ/γθβα/γαβθ) and continuous sole CC (ββββ/θθθθ/γγγγ/αααα) over four cropping cycles. The controls in each case were three hoe-weedings and unweeded maize plots. Data collected on emergence and Dry Matter Yields (DMY) of the CC, Ground Coverage (GC) of CC,Weed Density (WD), weed biomass at 8 WAS and Maize Grain Yield (MGY) were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p=0.05. 1 results 1
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