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GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF LEAD IN SOILS, SEDIMENTS AND DUSTS OF IBADAN AND LAGOS, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 3 results 3
- Pressure drop 3 results 3
- AABR 2 results 2
- Competitiveness 2 results 2
- In contemporary times, African as well as Nigerian societies have experienced changes due to urbanization, globalization, and industrialization. This has resulted in a weakening of the hitherto existing bonds, norms, values and culture in the family structure with the attendant consequences of neglecting the elderly. While studies have focused on the factors militating against adequate care for the elderly, psychological well being of1he elderly as well as their unmet needs, dearth of information exist on the social well-being of the elderly who are under care and support in the institution such as the Yaba old people's home. This study was conducted against this background with the social exchange theory and Health Belief Model as its theoretical frameworks. The study was purely qualitative using indepth interview with 44 resident aged, people, 3 key informant interviews with staff of the institution and nonparticipant observation as the methods of data collection. Over half (59.0%) of the respondents are female while about a quarter of the-respondents (23.0%) most of whom were females, had no education. Furthermore. While 91.0% were between the ages of 71-90years, 98.0% of the respondents were widowed prior to their admission into the homes. Findings revealed that the elderly experienced dissatisfaction with the food, access to medical attention and condition of living in the institution. This was revealed to be because they lacked choice as to what to eat, where to stay, who. to stay with and when to receive medical attention. Lack of adequate funding from government, inconsistent payment from relations of the elderly, and limited supplies of resources were reported as the challenges faced by the institutions which affected the care of the 'elderly in the home. Adequate funding, consistent payment and increased support from government, clients relations' and other necessary stakeholders respectively are recommended in order to ameliorate the conditions of the aged in Nigeria in particular and African in general. 2 results 2
- Institutionalization 2 results 2
- Poverty 2 results 2
- Shell-and-tube heat exchanger 2 results 2
- Shell-and-tube heat exchangers 2 results 2
- Social wellbeing 2 results 2
- We describe a survey of 300 young female apprentice tailors in a periurban community in Ibadan, Nigeria. The objectives were to assess HIV risk-related behavior in order to plan appropriate prevention interventions. Most apprentice tailors were 18-21 years old (68%), single (95%), and had not completed secondary school (98%). History of sexual intercourse was reported by 53 %; 42% had ever experienced unwanted touching of the breast, backside, shoulder, or waist; 4% reported being raped in the last 6 months. Of sexually active women, 57% reported sexual debut with an instructor; 21% had exchanged sex for money or gifts and only 27% had used a condom during their most recent sexual intercourse. Instability of employment and lack of instructor support were primary barriers to implementing a pilot peer education HIV prevention project. The poor social and economic conditions of apprentice tailors make them vulnerable to sexual exploitation and, in turn, to HIV infection. A peer education intervention within the context of a microcredit economic development program may reduce risk for HIV among women in Nigeria's informal economy. 2 results 2
- Weighted heat transfer coefficient 2 results 2
- Weighted performance factor 2 results 2
- hyperbilirubinemia 2 results 2
- newborn 2 results 2
- Africa 1 results 1
- An investigation was carried out on the effect of the use of a parabolic baffle at different baffle cuts on the performance of shell and tube heat exchangers. The numerical study was performed on a personal computer with 12 GB RAM and Intel® Core™ i7 2.50GHz CPU using a CFD software Comsol Multiphysics. The modeled heat exchanger had 37 tubes, shell internal diameter of 200 mm, 6 baffles with baffle spacing of 100 mm. The results from the effect of mass flow rate and baffle cut on heat transfer rate and pressure drop in the shell side of the heat exchanger were compared with the circular segmental baffle cut of 25% and that of the parabolic baffle cut of 25 and 30% of the inner shell diameter. At 25% of the shell diameter baffle cut, the parabolic cut had an improved heat transfer rate compared to that with the circular segmental baffle cut with a drawback of higher pressure drop. As the parabolic baffle cuts increased, there was a decrease in heat transfer rates and pressure drops at the various mass flow rates considered. At 30% of shell diameter cut, the performance of the parabolic segmental baffle cut gave results similar to the circular segmental baffle cut at 25% of the inner shell diameter. The investigation showed that for a parabolic baffle cut, 30% of the shell diameter is recommended for optimum performance. 1 results 1
- Anthropogenic influence 1 results 1
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza 1 results 1
- Autoregressive distributed lag 1 results 1
- Background: Severe neonatal hyperbilinubinemia is a known risk factor for sensorineural hearing Loss which is usually undiagnosed in our environment until school age due to a lack of routine screening programs Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted between August 2020 and February 2021 employed a universal sampling of consecutive eligible, participants after their mothers' consent. Hearing screening was conducted using an automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) device (Otoport OAE + ABR*). The proportion of AABR screening failure was assessed while associated clinical risk factors were determined using logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at 5% for all comparative analyses. Results: One hundred and sixty newborns below 28 days of age, delivered at 34 weeks gestation and above, who had jaundice were recruited. The prevalence of screening AABR failure in at least one ear was 26.2% Significant risk factors for AABR screening failure in addition to extreme and hazardous hyperbilirubinemia were acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) (Odds Ratio (OR) =4.44, 95% CI = 3.19-6.17), birth weight below 2500 g (OR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.48-6.77), dull tympanic membrane (TM) (OR = 5.94, 95% .36-14.92) and exchange blood transfusion OR -= 4.84, 95% CI CI = 1.87-12.58). Conclusion and Recommendations: The prevalence of AABR screening failure was high, and a dull TM was its strongest predictor among late preterm and term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Otoscopy should be included in the care of newborn with hyperbilirubinemia and screening programs established to mitigate hearing loss among high-risk neonates in Abuja. 1 results 1
- Baffle cut 1 results 1
- Baffle offset 1 results 1
- Balance of payments 1 results 1
- Brayton cycle 1 results 1
- Challenges 1 results 1
- Clays have some properties which make them good adsorbents. The adsorption of heavy metal ions by clay usually affects its thermal properties and these properties have direct influence on seed germination and crop growth. In this study, the variation of thermophysical properties of clay with adsorption of some heavy metal ions at different concentrations was investigated. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the concentrations in the samples. A known mass of clay sample was mixed with certain volume of already prepared Pb (II), Cd (II), Cu (II), Ni (II), and Zn (II) solutions of different concentrations; after which some cylindrical pellets were made from the mixture of the clay sample with aqueous solutions of different concentrations and the thermal properties determined. The transient measurement technique was used in this work to determine the thermal properties of doped clay. Results showed that Copper had the highest ion exchange in the clay, while Cadmium had the lowest ion exchange. The thermal conductivity of clay increases with increase in the concentration of heavy metal being adsorbed by the clay to a considerable level. The lowest thermal conductivity was found to be 9.5824W/mK (preliminary study) and the highest was found to be 10.5010 W/mK. Thermal diffusivity ranged from 2.69674x 10-6m2/s to 3.47991x 10-6m2/s. However, For all the samples, thermophysical properties increases as the concentration increases to a certain optimum level above which cation exchange is no longer possible. From the results, it can be concluded that the concentration of heavy metals being adsorbed by clay affects its thermal properties. Increase in the rate of heat being conducted by clay usually leads to poor seed germination, poor crop growth, rotting, etc. in agricultural sector. 1 results 1
- Climate change adaptation 1 results 1
- Climate change is a major global human development challenge. Modern technologies have been largely unsuccessful in tackling this challenge, thus indigenous knowledge for forest-management is being considered as an alternative solution. There is dearth of knowledge on the effects of cultural factors on climate change adaptation in forest-communities of Cross River, hence, this study examined the extent to which beliefs and practices of forest-management in forest-dependent communities of Cross River are engaged in addressing challenges of climate change. Ecological modernisation served as the theoretical framework while the research design was Participatory Rural Appraisal. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 459 respondents purposively selected from three forest-dependent communities representing mangrove forest (Iko-Esai, 153), Ekuri forest (Agoi-Ibami, 191), and Mbe/Afi forest (Butatong, 115) blocks. Quantitative data collected was on socio-demographic characteristics, indigenous beliefs and practices, and their influence on climate change adaptation behaviour. Indigenous knowledge was assessed with an 8-item instrument which categorised indigenous forest-management practices into: zero-tilling, soil-mulching, bush-fallow, crop-rotation, green-manure, mixed-cropping, tree-felling, hunting taboos, and tree planting. Key Informant Interviews were conducted with 12 officials of the Ministry of Environment, and 33 In-Depth Interviews with 18 community leaders, seven forest managers, five academics, and three policy makers on forest-related traditions and practices. Climate change and transforming social structures were assessed through reviews of archives, reports and maps. Transects were used to identify similarities and differences of paths. Seasonal calendars assessed sequences of events and their relationship with the people; while institutional analysis assessed communities’ interests, layout, infrastructures, health and wealth patterns. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression at p<0.05, while qualitative data were content analysed. The age of respondents was 40.5±4.5 years while 61.7% were males. Over 75.0% had lived in communities since birth, while 88.0% had a monthly income of less than N50,000. Effect of indigenous knowledge on climate change adaptation behaviour was significant (F=17.04; R=0.61; R2=0.37, Adj R2=0.35). Climate change adaptation behaviour was influenced by indigenous knowledge thus: use of fuel efficient cooking devices (β=0.34), seed exchange of early maturing crops (β=0.32), planting trees (β=0.27), poultry farming (β=0.13), bee keeping (β=-0.47), planting special species of crops (β=-0.30), migration to another community (β=-0.20), storing enough rainwater (β=-0.14), change period of planting crops (β=-0.13), fish farming (β=0.11). Indigenous forest-management practices occurred as: bush fallow (88%), mixed cropping (86%), green-manure (62%), tree-felling and hunting taboos (58%), tree planting (55%), soil mulching (53%), zero tilling (47%), and crop rotation (46%). Indigenous practices used to manage forests such as preservation of special species of trees, folklore on appeasement of forest gods, non-hunting of certain animals considered as agents of the gods, and non-sale of land were at risk of extinction. Oral tradition was the main source of disseminating indigenous knowledge, beliefs and practices. Indigenous knowledge and practices are useful in forest-management. Predominant climate change adaptation measures within forest-dependent Cross River are biased towards modern worldview. Therefore, the use of indigenous knowledge in forest-management should be strengthened in the policy process of climate change adaptation. 1 results 1
- Communication 1 results 1
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