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CULTURAL PERCEPTION OF MALARIA AND CHOICE OF THERAPY AMONG THE IBIBIO OF AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- "An assessment was carried out of variability in fruit and seed characteristics and the effects of seed source and seed size on germination of Tetrapleura tetraptera from four sources in South-Western Nigeria. The sources were Emure-Ekiti (Lat. 7°26’N and Long. 5°30’E); Ikoyi-Ue (Lat. 8°15’N and Long. 4°49’E); Osogbo (Lat. 7° 46’ and Long 4°35’E) and Sapele (Lat. 5°55’N and Long. 5°46’E). Fruit length and diameter were determined using a string and a metre-ruler, while fruit and seed weights were measured with an electronic balance and the number of seeds per pod was counted. Seeds were categorised into two, based on sources and size classes for germination studies. Seed dormancy was broken using concentrated Tetra-oxo-sulphate VI acid. The seeds were thoroughly washed in distilled water before sowing in germination boxes filled with top soil.Significant variations were observed both in fruit and seed characteristics and in germination. Mean pod length ranged from 21,60cm to 24.39cm with coefficient of variation of 5.90%. Pod diameter ranged from 3.95cm to 7.5cm with 6.9% coefficient of variation. Mean pod weight ranged from 34.94g to 57.46g with coefficient of variation of 11.11%. The number of seeds per pod varied between 10.46 and 14.04 with coefficient of variation of 14.92%. Seed length varied between 9.12 and 9.78mm with coefficient of variation of 2.58%, while seed diameter and seed weight ranged from 6.26mm to 7.00mm and 1.50g to 1.76g respectively. The coefficient of variation for seed diameter was 7.05% while that of seed weight was 6.91%. Germination pattern also varied according to seed size classes and sources. The largest size class (10.7mm+) gave the highest cummulative germination percentage of 88.2% and a germination rate of 12.52 seeds per day. The size class 6.0 - 7.5mm gave the lowest cummulative germination percentage of 57.5% and a germination rate of 8.19 seeds per day. Seeds from Ikoyi-Ile had a total germination percentage of 92.8% and a germination rate of 12 seeds per day. The lowest total germination of 56.6% was recorded for Osogbo. Interaction effects between mother trees and seed source were significant. There was, however, no significant interaction between seed size and seed source" 1 results 1
- "Rabies, a fatal neurotropic disease of man and animals is usually a neglected disease in many parts of the world probably because of the erroneous belief that it affects animals predominantly. This study was designed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of people in selected communities of Oyo State, Nigeria with the aim of assessing the possible risk of getting infected with the virus. A total of 323 participants were randomly selected from 10 local government areas of Oyo State, Nigeria and interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi square method. Information obtained included the demographic characteristics of the participants, their interaction with dogs, knowledge about rabies and its fatality, its mode of transmission and prevention as well as the perception of and attitude of people towards rabies. Of the 323 participants, 180(55.8%) were male while 143(44.3%) were female, 115(47.7%) were Christians, 123(51%) were muslims and 3(1.2%) were traditional religion adherents. Furthermore, 263(81.4%) had different levels of education 60(18.6 %) were illiterate, 119(36.8%) used to own dog while only 54(16.4%) presently kept dogs for reasons which included hunting 16(30.1%), security 28(52.8%), breeding {3(5.66%)} and as companionship 6(11.3%). Greater number (80%) lived in the rural areas while 62(19.6%) were urban dwellers. Out of the 323 participants, 256 (79.5%) knew about rabies, of these, 46(18%) heard about the disease from awareness campaigns, 11(4.3%) heard from human and veterinary hospitals 58(22.7%) heard from interpersonal interactions while 123(48.1%) knew by personal experiences. From the people that claimed knowledge, 231(90.2%) knew that rabies was a fatal disease, 96(37.5%) knew about rabies in other animal species aside dogs, 110(43%) knew about rabies transmission by dog or cat bite, 24(9.4%) knew that rabies can be transmitted by wild animals. Also, 130(50.8%) claimed knowledge of rabies prevention in animals but 88(34.4%) only knew about antirabies vaccination.in animals. Similarly, 128(50%) claimed knowledge of rabies prevention in man and of these, 38(14.8%) recommended prophylactic and post exposure antirabies vaccination, 42(16%) hospital visits, 20(7.8%) dog elimination and staying away from dogs, while 12(4.7%) recommended religious means, and use of herbs. When asked about first aid treatment, 99(38.7%) suggested wound washing with soap and antiseptic, 171(66.8%) recommended hospital visit while 40(15.6%) suggested a visit to the herbalist for the antidote. Pearson’s chi square showed significant difference (P<0.05) in the knowledge of the respondents and marital status. Poor knowledge of some aspects of rabies and negative attitude of dog owners towards rabies may portend grave public health consequences. 1 results 1
- A survey was carried out to assess the methods of livestock and poultry wastes management in Swaziland. The survey adopted the use of questionnaires which sought for information on the types of wastes generated, types of litter materials used, methods of wastes collection, predisposal wastes treatment, wastes utilization and possible effects of the wastes on the environment. Additional information was collected through personal communication and focused group discussions during the field trips while administering the questionnaires. Points of information gathering were commercial poultry and livestock farms, homesteads, dip tanks and feedlots. The data were analysed using percentages and frequencies, and the results presented in tables. Major solid wastes generated were from animal dung, poultry droppings and litters. Saw dust was the most popularly used litter material by about 38.7% of the large scale establishments while crushed corn cob was the least used by about 5.3%. Urine and spent water from washing in milking parlours and dip tanks constituted the liquid wastes. Waste collection was by manual scrapping with spades, sweeping and floor washing using water hoses, and use of mechanical scrappers. Manual scrapping was the most predominant method for solid wastes collection. It was used by about 60% and 95.8% of the large scale establishments and homesteads respectively. Mechanical scraping was mainly used in the large scale establishments. Solid wastes were either collected and taken directly to the field for application or temporarily stored in compost pits and refuse dumps to undergo further decomposition. Only 33.3% of the homesteads had temporary dump sites. In most homesteads, kraal manure is removed during land preparation which eliminates the need for storage. About 33.3% of the large scale establishments had dump sites, 17.4% had compost pits while 16% had a combination of dumpsites and compost pits. Liquid wastes were disposed off on strip fields or adjacent streams. About 75.0% of the homesteads and 33.3% of the large scale establishments conveyed their wastes using wheel barrows while 4.2% and 26.7% respectively made use of a combination of wheel barrows and tractor trailers. All the homesteads and about 72.0% of the large scale establishments used solid wastes as fertilizers on their own farms. Liquid effluent was used for irrigation by about 5.3% of the large scale establishments. The ministry of agriculture and cooperatives is emphasizing the use of livestock wastes in fish farming while the biogas plants which were established to utilize some of the wastes have been abandoned. Respondents admitted awareness of the dangers inherent in poor livestock and poultry wastes management but only a few admitted that their management techniques constituted any hazards to the environment. Solid wastes as presently generated, collected and utilized constitute no environmental threat but the liquid discharged to streams and wet cattle that wade through streams immediately after dipping are considered potential sources of pollution. Wastes are a potential source of biogas which is being effectively utilized in many countries. The abandoned biogas pilot schemes should be reactivated. Water quality assessment should be carried out on streams to which wastes are discharged and appropriate steps taken to prevent pollution. Oxidation ponds should be constructed near dip tanks and milking parlours. More extension work is required to educate the rural populace on the use of livestock wastes for fish farming. 1 results 1
- Activated biochar 1 results 1
- African Traditional Religion 1 results 1
- Animal wastes, 1 results 1
- Antibiotic-resistant bacteria 1 results 1
- Attitude 1 results 1
- Avian Influenza (AI) is a serious public health problem in Nigeria and Primary Health Care (PHC) workers have important roles to play in its control. However, their knowledge and practices relating to AI have not been fully investigated. This study was designed to determine the knowledge, perceptions and practices of PHC workers relating to AI prevention and control in Akinyele, Egbeda, Lagelu, Ido and Oluyole areas of Ibadan. A total population study was planned. However, only 515 of the 718 PHC workers in the LGAs consented to participate. A semi-structured questionnaire which included a 61- point knowledge scale and questions on perceptions and practices was used for data collection. Knowledge scores of 0-30, 31-45 and 46-61 were rated as poor, fair and good respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression with level of significance set at 0.05. The respondents comprised 32.6% Health Assistants (HAs), 30.7% Senior Community Health Extension Workers (SCHEWs), 12.2% Junior Community Health Extension Workers (JCHEWs), 11.8% Community Health Officers (CHOs), 10.7% nurses/midwives, 1.0% doctors and 1.0% pharmacists. Their mean age was 38.4 ± 8.7 years and 81.9% were females. All respondents had heard about AI, 49.5% were aware that its spread is facilitated by birds and 7.6% were aware that it could easily spread in health care centres. Sources of information about AI included radio (68.3%), television (66.8%) and professional peers (56.5%). Overall mean knowledge score was 37.2 ± 9.4. Mean knowledge scores for males and females were 39.8 ± 8.4 and 36.6 ± 9.6 respectively with a significant difference. Significant differences were also observed in the knowledge scores for different cadres: doctors 54.5 ± 2.1, pharmacists 41.2 ± 6.1, nurses/midwives 39.7 ± 6.9, CHOs 39.5 ± 7.7, SCHEWs 38.0 ± 7.9, JCHEWs 35.8 ± 11.8 and HAs 34.2 ± 11.4. Respondents with poor, fair and good knowledge scores of AI were 21.4%, 60.6% and 18.1% respectively. Consumption of infected birds/fowls (82.1%) was a major mode of transmission of AI to human populations mentioned by respondents. The correctly identified symptoms of AI included coughing (68.9%), shortness of breath (66.8%) and body temperature greater than 38ºC (63.3%). The correctly mentioned medications for managing AI were Tamiflu (11.1%) and Relenza (2.1%). Only 13.2% perceived themselves to be vulnerable to AI and 56.7% rightly perceived all age groups to be susceptible to it. Respondents with tertiary education were 6.0 times more likely to perceive AI to be serious than those with non-tertiary education (95% CI, 0.5-4.9). Preventive practices adopted by respondents against AI included wearing of gloves (92.2%), equipment sterilization (82.9%) and hand washing using water, soap and disinfectants (70.9%). Gaps in knowledge and misconceptions relating to vulnerability to avian influenza infection existed among the health workers. However, many of them adopted effective preventive measures. There is need for training to bridge the identified gaps. 1 results 1
- Avian influenza knowledge 1 results 1
- Background: Individuals living with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of developing foot ulcers and cardiovascular complications or a neuropathy that may result in amputations. These complications have been shown to be already present in about 10% of diabetic patients at the time of diagnosis. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the level of awareness and attitude to foot care among adult diabetic patients attending a university health centre (i.e. a primary care centre) and to emphasise the ever-present need for health education and promotion and early complication detection (especially of foot problems) among diabetic patients. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional, clinic-based study was carried out at the University of Ibadan Health Centre (Jaja Clinic). The study population consisted of consenting adult diabetic patients. Data were collected by the self-administration of structured questionnaires to eligible subjects and were analysed using the SPSS v.15software. Appropriate statistics were employed to analyse the collected data. Results: A total of 137 patients participated in the study and ranged in age from 37 to 75 years, with the mean ± SD age being 58.2 ± 9.2 years. Of the participants, 98 (71.5%) were men and 39 (28.5%) were women; all of the participants were married. The duration of illness ranged from 1 year to 20 years, with the median duration of illness being 3 ± 1.7 years. One hundred and twenty-six (92%) patients had never received any education on foot care from their healthcare providers, while 11 (8%) had received some form of foot care education. Among those who had never received any foot care education, 92 (73%) had been diabetic for 1–5 years, while the remaining 34 (27%) had been diabetic for 6 – 20 years. Of the foot care measures that were known, 35 (25.5%) patients knew to wash their feet daily and dry in between the toes thoroughly, 31 (22.6%) knew not to go outdoors barefooted, 27 (19.7%) checked their feet daily, 27 (19.7%) checked inside their shoes daily, 8 (5.8%) consciously made an effort to avoid injuries to their feet and 4 (2.9%) clipped their toenails with care. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that awareness of foot care measures is very poor among known diabetic patients and this is largely due to a lack of education of the patients by their health care providers. 1 results 1
- Biochemical oxygen demand 1 results 1
- Biomass pyrolysis 1 results 1
- Broiler breast meat 1 results 1
- COVID-19 1 results 1
- COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and within a short period of time it had become a pandemic that will go down in history as a one, perhaps non-intentional, biological warfare against humanity. It not only caused a global health crises but also a crisis in the political, economic, educational, entertainment (including sports, recreation, tourism) and other facets of human endeavours. COVID-19 has challenged the wittiness of biological, basic and applied scientists, educational, communication and other social scientists to bring their expertise on board to curtail its spread. It has also altered day to day national, international governance structures with serious global diplomatic and economic challenges and shrinks the gap between the rich, not so rich and poor nations as it exposes the vulnerabilities of all in response to its threats to lives and livelihoods. Serious efforts are going on to develop pharmaceutical interventions, nevertheless the most cost effective way out is non-pharmaceutical interventions of physical/social distancing, regular washing of hands, use of alcohol based hand sanitizers, consistent and proper use of face masks to halt or limit the spread of the virus. The researchers’ main objective was to unravel the perception, attitude and apathy of residents of Ibadan, Nigeria towards non-pharmaceutical precautionary measures against the spread of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a qualitative study. It involved residents of Ibadan living around or in contact with the researchers, having been found by the researchers not to be observing non-pharmaceutical precautionary measures against COVID-19. Thematic analysis was done through identification, coding and categorizing patterns or themes in the data collected. RESULTS The study focused on perception, attitude and apathy towards precautionary measures among residents of Ibadan. Thirty people were interviewed, including 8 (26.6%) aged 20-30 years, 10 (30.3%) 31-40, 4(13.3%) 41-50 and 8 (26.7%) aged 51 years above. 19 (63.3%) were Christians while 11 (36.7%) were Muslims. On educational status, 6 (20.0%) had no formal education, 11 (36.7%) had secondary education while 13(43.3) had tertiary education .Most of the respondents, except a few, believed that COVID-19 was not real claiming to have only seen those that had been infected by the virus in the country on different media platforms such as on television and social media platforms. Many of the respondents had a positive attitude while some were indifferent claiming that they could never be infected no matter how they lived their lives. Majority claimed that it was almost impossible to maintain social distance as they had to go out in public cars, visit markets and also visit relatives who would not understand them if they decided to keep social distance. CONCLUSION The study revealed good perception of the disease, poor attitude and apathy towards many aspects of the use of non-pharmaceutical precautionary measures 1 results 1
- Christ Apostolic Church 1 results 1
- Cold store operators 1 results 1
- Contamination 1 results 1
- Cultural perception of malaria 1 results 1
- Diabetic foot care 1 results 1
- Dumping of decaying wastes from animal pen as soil conditioners and pen wash water for irrigation is a common practice in developing countries. Releasing wastes to land and water may affect biological, chemical and physical properties of soils, plants and water. Hence, this paper assesses pollution effects of untreated animal husbandry wastes in tropical environment. Samplings were done on a daily basis over a 6-weeks period from the University of Ibadan Teaching and Research Farm which had been in operation for over 25-years. Assessing the degree of pollution was performed on the basis of Nitrate, Phosphorous, Potassium and Magnesium measurements in dump yard soil samples with average values ranging 0.38-0.40, 0.54-0.86, 0.16-0.37, and 0.58- 1.05 mg/I respectively. These values are higher than recommended FEPA standard, which makes the wastewater and slurries unsuitable for irrigated farming. Consumption of soluble nitrates and nitrites at this concentration could result to health problems such as methemoglobin. The pH of feacal discharge, wastewater, dump yard Soil being 6.5, 5.8, and 6.2 respectively were acidic. Heavy metals; Manganese and Iron ranged between 191-324 and 1.3-2.3 mg/kg respectively. Presence of heavy metals and trace elements in excess of FEPA/WHO recommended standards makes both feacal discharges and wastewater unsuitable for use as manure. Values of BODs, DO, and Temperature ranged 1350-1420mg/l, 0.55-0.75mg/l, and 27.0-0-33.5°C respectively. Observed high BODs and low DO values at an average temperature of 28-33°C fall short of the WHO water standard for irrigation, this is indicative of high polluting power of the wastewater. 1 results 1
- Education 1 results 1
- Environmental 1 results 1
- Environmental hygiene practice 1 results 1
- Fish pond effluent 1 results 1
- Fish retailers 1 results 1
- Fish storage 1 results 1
- Food establishments 1 results 1
- Food service establishments 1 results 1
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