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EFFECTS OF NUMERICAL-COGNITION AND EMOTIONAL-FREEDOM TECHNIQUES ON MATHEMATICS ANXIETY AND ACHIEVEMENT AMONG NON-SCIENCE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH PSEUDO-DYSCALCULIA IN IBADAN
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- Ibadan 4 results 4
- Indigenous belief systems and informal institutions that result in the conservation of wild species or sites exemplify biocultural conservation. The erosion of cultural beliefs and practices can have adverse, often severe, consequences for biodiversity. We explored the relationships among informal institutions, religion, and human attitudes toward sacred populations of a threatened, endemic species, Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), in two communities in southeastern Nigeria. Due to habitat loss and hunting pressure across the species’ range, monkeys in these two sites live alongside people, raid farms and gardens, and are commonly viewed as pests. Using structured (n = 410) and semi-structured (n = 21) interviews, we examined factors influencing residents’ views of the monkeys, mechanisms affecting adherence to social taboos against harming monkeys, and implications for conservation. Our analyses revealed that most residents, particularly those from one community, women, and farmers, held negative opinions of the monkeys. Crop and garden raiding by monkeys had the most adverse effect on people’s attitudes. Although the adoption of Christianity weakened residents’ views regarding the no-killing taboos, continued adherence to the taboos was particularly influenced by supernatural retribution in one site and community disapproval in the other. Only one community widely conferred symbolic importance on the monkeys. Such site differences illustrate the value of local cultural understanding in conservation. Pre-intervention studies of this nature allow for the development of locally and culturally sensitive conservation programs, as well as better-informed assessments of what interventions are most likely to be effective. 4 results 4
- Cercopithecus sclateri 3 results 3
- Chlamydia trachomatis 3 results 3
- Crop raiding 3 results 3
- Epithelial ovarian cancer 3 results 3
- Gender 3 results 3
- Human-wildlife conflict 3 results 3
- Infertility 3 results 3
- Primate 3 results 3
- Self-esteem 3 results 3
- Sheep 3 results 3
- Taboo 3 results 3
- Women, who find themselves single after marriage, whether through death of a husband or through divorce, learn that being the head of a household brings with it a set of special problems, the greatest being emotional. Even in a bad marriage, the survivor feels the loss. The concept of widowhood and widow's rites are examined as it is practised in South Western Nigeria. Apart from works already documented in the literature on psychosocial implications of widowhood practices, examples abound in our society which confirm the fact that there are indeed some discriminatory practices which have a lot of psychological and sociological implications on widows in South Western Nigeria. There is no doubt that these unhealthy attitudes do have some psychological and sociological implications on the individual in general. This paper, therefore, explains the various psychological and sociological implications, and offer recommendations on how the discriminatory practices against widows could be minimized and how their psychological and sociological effects would be reduced. 3 results 3
- Adolescent pregnancy 2 results 2
- Adolescent pregnancy is an important public health problem on the increase in Nigeria. Few studies have investigated the circumstances and factors associated with parental decisions taken following an adolescent pregnancy, in spite of the implications of these on the adolescent. This study was designed to assess factors influencing parents’/guardians’ decisions on adolescent pregnancy. A mixed method study involving the use of Key Informant Interviews (KII) and semi-structured interview was conducted. A four-stage sampling technique was used to select 261 and 244 respondents from Omi-Adio (rural) and Apata (urban) communities respectively. KII were conducted with twelve parents; (six each from urban and rural settings) who has had personal experiences of a pregnant adolescent. Descriptive and Chi-square statistics, and logistic regression were used for data analysis and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The UK Registrar general’s classification of occupation and socioeconomic status was used. Mean age of respondents from rural and urban communities were 50+9.4 years and 48+10.1 years respectively. Fifty-five percent of urban and 30.1% of rural respondents had tertiary education. More rural (70.3%) than urban respondents (35.4%) were in the low socioeconomic group. More rural (91.9%) than urban dwellers (88.9%) supported keeping an adolescent pregnancy. More urban (93.4%) than rural (76.3%) dwellers were of the view that an adolescent should continue school after delivery (p<0.05) while 25% of rural respondents and 18.0% of urban respondents mentioned that a pregnant adolescent be married to the person responsible for the pregnancy (p<0.05). Personal experience of adolescent pregnancy occurred in 17.2% and 16.4% of rural and urban respondents respectively. Adolescent pregnancy occurred in children and relations of respondents. Among rural respondents, the pregnant adolescents were either the respondents’ younger sibling (51.1%) or child (48.9%). In the urban area the pregnant adolescents were the respondents’ younger sibling (75.0%), child (20.0%) or the respondent/ his spouse (5%). More urban (85%) than rural respondents (60%) decided to keep the pregnancy (p<0.05). The decision to keep the pregnancy was mainly attributed to religious beliefs among the rural respondents (68%) and health reasons among their urban counterparts (76.5%). Urban dwellers were 5 times more likely to decide to keep the pregnancy than rural respondents (OR = 5.48, 95%CI = 1.71 - 17.59). Respondents in the high socio-economic group were less likely to decide to keep the pregnancy (OR = 0.20, 95% CI=0.06-0.65). The initial reactions of the key informant interviewees to discovery of pregnancy were disappointment. In the urban area, very few pregnant adolescents were said to have continued schooling till delivery and many of them resumed school thereafter while in the rural area, they all dropped out of school. Place of residence, socio-economic status and religion were key factors influencing decision to keep adolescent pregnancy with urban dwellers more favourably disposed than rural dwellers. Intervention programmes thus need to target those in rural areas to change their views regarding keeping of adolescent pregnancies and encouraging re-integration of adolescents that get pregnant. 2 results 2
- Agriculture 2 results 2
- Anopheles 2 results 2
- Awareness 2 results 2
- Background: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing improves transfusion safety by detecting past and current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection while detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serology-negative HBV infection. However, occult HBV infection (OBI) (serum or liver HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative) remains unaddressed among replacement blood donors – family members or friends who donate to replace blood transfused to a relative. Objective: This study assessed risk factors for a positive anti-HBc test among donors with OBI and determined the anti-HBc-positive status of replacement donors. Methods: The study was conducted at the University College Hospital Blood Bank, Ibadan, Nigeria, using blood samples collected from blood donors between April 2019 and May 2019. Donors were screened for HBsAg by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and anti-HBc by ELISA, while HBV DNA was detected using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 274 participants, 15 (5.5%) were HBsAg-positive by RDT and 36 (13.1%) by ELISA, while 133 (48.5%) were anti-HBc positive. Out of 232 HBsAg-negative donors, 107 (46.1%) were anti-HBc positive. Of the 107 HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples, only one (0.93%) was HBV DNA-positive. The HBV DNA-positive donor was HBsAg-negative by both RDT and ELISA tests. Conclusion: This study establishes a potential risk for HBV transmission from isolated anti-HBc-positive donors to blood recipients. HBc immunoglobulin (antibody) M testing to identify blood units requiring further screening with polymerase chain reaction to detect OBI can prevent HBV transmission through blood transfusion. 2 results 2
- Background: Breast milk is important for the overall well-being of infants. Although lactation is relatively robust in the face of poor nutrition, the implication of poor nutrition on non-nutritive factors in breast milk is inconclusive. Objective: This study was designed to find associations between nutritional and immune factors in maternal blood and breast milk with the aim to improve the needed public and individual strategies for a healthy infant. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on 61 lactating Nigerian women aged 23-40years within the first 3 months postpartum. Anthropometric measurements were obtained while nutritional factors (total protein, albumin) and immunoglobulin classes (IgG, A and M) were estimated by Biuret, Bromocresol green and single radial immunodiffusion methods respectively in maternal plasma and breast milk. Results: Most (73.5%) of the lactating mothers had normal mean body mass index (i.e. not under weight nor obese) and the mean levels of plasma total protein, albumin, IgG, IgA and IgM were within normal reference ranges in these mothers. Nutritional and immunological indices increase in the plasma with length of lactation but decrease in breast milk with lactation. There were no correlation between BMI, plasma indices and milk indices in these lactating mothers. Conclusion: This study supports the superiority of colostrum over transitional or matured milk for the protection and nourishment of infants. 2 results 2
- Biodiversity health 2 results 2
- Breast cancer 2 results 2
- Cancer 2 results 2
- Cattle 2 results 2
- Communication 2 results 2
- Conservation 2 results 2
- Depression 2 results 2
- Determining when and where flood strikes can be a daunting task. Apart from heavy and prolonged rainfalls and river overflows, there are anthropogenic causal factors of flooding. These anthropogenic factors are significantly variable and exacerbate floods, but may be difficult to measure. This study aims to unravel some of the anthropogenic factors, particularly with respect to their contributions to the flood in Ibadan City on 26 August 2011. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. The August 2011 Ibadan flood was perhaps the worst in the history of this ancient city. Twelve anthropogenic factors are broadly identified as having contributed to the flood and the flood had five major consequences. Some policy implications that can help prevent future flood occurrence are outlined. 2 results 2
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