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Gender difference as a major determinant of creative behaviour among junior secondary school students in Oyo, Osun and Ogun States, Nigeria
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Conflicts, politics and policies of multiple and competitive uses of the mangroves and wetlands resources
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Fabrication and Characterisation of Superstrate Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (Cu2znsns4) Thin Films Solar Cells
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WELFARE AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION EFFECTS OF MINIMUM WAGE IN NIGERIA
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CHARACTERISATION OF SELECTED WOOD PROPERTIES OF THERMAL-MODIFIED Bambusa vulgaris SCHRAD.EX J.C.WENDL
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PREVENTIVE HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AND KNOWLEDGE RELATING TO HYPERTENSION AMONG NON-TEACHING STAFF OF THE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, OYO STATE
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- Indigenous belief systems and informal institutions that result in the conservation of wild species or sites exemplify biocultural conservation. The erosion of cultural beliefs and practices can have adverse, often severe, consequences for biodiversity. We explored the relationships among informal institutions, religion, and human attitudes toward sacred populations of a threatened, endemic species, Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), in two communities in southeastern Nigeria. Due to habitat loss and hunting pressure across the species’ range, monkeys in these two sites live alongside people, raid farms and gardens, and are commonly viewed as pests. Using structured (n = 410) and semi-structured (n = 21) interviews, we examined factors influencing residents’ views of the monkeys, mechanisms affecting adherence to social taboos against harming monkeys, and implications for conservation. Our analyses revealed that most residents, particularly those from one community, women, and farmers, held negative opinions of the monkeys. Crop and garden raiding by monkeys had the most adverse effect on people’s attitudes. Although the adoption of Christianity weakened residents’ views regarding the no-killing taboos, continued adherence to the taboos was particularly influenced by supernatural retribution in one site and community disapproval in the other. Only one community widely conferred symbolic importance on the monkeys. Such site differences illustrate the value of local cultural understanding in conservation. Pre-intervention studies of this nature allow for the development of locally and culturally sensitive conservation programs, as well as better-informed assessments of what interventions are most likely to be effective. 4 results 4
- Cercopithecus sclateri 3 results 3
- Crop raiding 3 results 3
- Human-wildlife conflict 3 results 3
- Primate 3 results 3
- Taboo 3 results 3
- Hypertension 2 results 2
- JAMB UTME, the only entry route for admission into any Nigerian tertiary institution has few accredited centres having adequate facilities where registration can be carried out. This has resulted in pressure on the few accredited centres within the short timeframe allowed for registration. Thus, there is need for efficiency in the registration process to ensure that as many students as possible are registered within the short timeframe, while maximising financial turnover of registration centre operators. A JAMB UTME registration centre in Ibadan, Nigeria was studied. The requirements and procedures of the registration process were studied through personal observation and interviews during site visits, as well as questionnaires. PERT approach was used to determine the expected time for performing the registration process based on the reported values by the operators. With the aid of a stopwatch, time study was carried out on the registration process. The difference between standard and expected times was used to determine the efficiency of the centre. A cause and effect analysis was carried out to investigate the immediate and root causes of inefficiency. Information gathered include required tools and procedures involved in the registration process. The expected time was found to be 13 minutes while the standard time was discovered to be 6 minutes and 54 seconds, indicating that the efficiency level of the system was at 53%. From the cause and effect analysis, 7 immediate and 15 root causes were found to be responsible for the inefficiency observed. Finally, it was found that inefficiency exists in the process, and as such, it becomes necessary to take some remedial actions so as to improve the efficiency of the whole process. 2 results 2
- Objective: To provide information on the profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia among an understudied group of elderly Africans. Method: Using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 12-month prevalence of three forms of insomnia was assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted with a regionally-representative sample of elderly Nigerians, aged 65 years and over (n=2152). The association of insomnia with quality of life, rated with the WHO Quality of Life instrument, was analyzed controlling for comorbid chronic pain, chronic medical conditions and DSM-IV major depressive disorder. Results: At least one insomnia problem was reported by 30.72%. Insomnia was more frequent among females, persons aged 70 years and over, and those who were unmarried. Insomnia was comorbid with major depressive disorder (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.5 – 6.1), chronic pain (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 3.2 – 6.1; particularly arthritis and spinal pain), and chronic medical conditions (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.8 – 2.5, particularly heart disease, high blood pressure or asthma). Persons with insomnia were more likely to report having had a fall in the previous year (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 –1.8) and, among those with fall, injury was more commonly reported by those with insomnia. Every form of insomnia was associated with decrement in quality of life. After controlling for comorbid mental and physical conditions, the β coefficients ranged between −17.9 and −20.0. Conclusion: Insomnia was highly comorbid with chronic physical conditions and with depression. These comorbid conditions partly but do not entirely account for the considerable decrement in quality of life associated with insomnia. 2 results 2
- "Mau Forest 1 results 1
- "Self-reported physical activity 1 results 1
- 5-FluoroUracil 1 results 1
- Abstract: Background. Chronic wounds are a drain on resources both for the patient and health institution. Management of chronic wounds based on evidence-based practice requires baseline data for adequate planning. Objectives. This study was carried out to determine the point prevalence of chronic wounds in a tertiary hospital (University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria) and utilize this information for subsequent wound care planning. Methods. The study was carried out within a 1-month period and included all patients seen in the hospital with chronic wounds. The data obtained was entered into a designed form and was subsequently analyzed. Results. There were 48 patients with 78 wounds representing approximately 11% of patients seen in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery each month. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 80 years; the median age was 48 years. The male to female ratio was 1.6 to 1. The duration of the wounds ranged from 6 weeks to 780 weeks; the median duration of the wounds was 10 weeks. The area of the wounds ranged from 1 cm2 -1,248 cm2 (median 24 cm2). The most common chronic wounds were diabetic wounds, followed by pressure ulcers, postinfection ulcers, posttraumatic ulcers, burn wounds, malignant ulcers, and venous ulcers. Conclusion. The point prevalence data serves as a basis for wound care planning. This, in turn, should result in improved wound management grounded in evidence-based practices. 1 results 1
- Academic libraries are facing challenges of competitive pressures, information availability, rising costs and a global digital environment. This situation calls for a better understanding of the specific needs of library users in order to provide the appropriate type and level of service that meets those needs. Assessment of service quality in libraries is one of the most reliable channels to know if clients are satisfied with services offered them. It is therefore imperative to investigate how library users perceive service quality. This paper examines the service quality and users’ satisfaction at Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan and also examines how user surveys have been employed in a number of previously published literatures. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study to evaluate the library’s performance by measuring the users’ satisfaction with (a) library services and resources (b) infrastructure/place/space and (c) suggestions for service improvement. The instrument was distributed randomly to a sample of 800 library users from the university. Suggestions are offered about ways library and information service providers could make more use of the information derived from their own and other organizations' user surveys to improve their services in order to survive. 1 results 1
- Agriculture a most significant land use types which alter natural ecosystem dynamics. Arable farming exerts much pressure on plant biodiversity, especially when practiced intensively in urban centers. There is dearth of information on floristic changes due to intensive arable farming in urban agroecosystems in developing countries. The study therefore assessed floristic changes resulting from and intensive farming practices at Ajibode-Sasa agricultural landscape. Ajibode-Sasa agroecosystem is a complex mix of arable cropping system between latitude N07°28′, E003°53′ and longitude N07°28′, E003°54. Comparative floristic surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2020 using quadrats (1 m2) systematically laid on 18 Transects ranging from 50 – 250 m long. A total of 224 and 184 quadrats were laid in 2016 and 2020 respectively. Reduction in numbers of quadrats laid resulted from physical anthropogenic development after the 2016 survey. Species identification followed standard procedures, and quantitative occurrence data were collected for determination of species composition and computation of relative importance values (RIV) and diversity indices. Land-use changes over four years period was determined using Google earth and QGIS. Herbacous plant composition with 123 cumulative number of species in both years reduced from 98 species in 2016 to 85 species in 2020 species RIV of species ranged from 0.038 – 14.803. Tridax procumbens had the highest RIV (14.803) in 2016, while it was Acmella brachyglossa (13.248) 2020. Species richness and floral diversity was high with Shannon-Weiner Index (3.081 and 3.088) and Dominance (0.09388 and 0.08746) in 2016 and 2020 respectively. Intensive cultivation favoured introduction and spread of invasive species like Tridax procumbens and Tithonia diversifolia. Eight introduced and invasive species were newly enumerated in 2020, with a total of 38 herbaceous species no longer encountered in 2020. Concerted efforts should be made to conserve native flora on the agroecosystem through sustainable practices like crop rotation and short fallow. 1 results 1
- An understanding of the Earth’s interior depends on information about the behavior and properties of matter under high pressures and temperatures. An equation of state that connects pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) is very important. This work examines the impact of high temperature and pressure on the formation and maturity of sediment-hosted disseminated gold (SHDG) deposits in Itagunmodi, Osun State, Nigeria located in the clayey soil types derived from variably migmatised gneiss, biotite-and-biotite-homblende- gneiss and weathered amphibolites respectively. The melting temperatures of gold were determined by differential thermal analyses. After application of appropriate correction for the effect of pressure on emf of thermocouples, the melting curves are linear with the isothermal volume of the melting solid to within the precision of the measurement. This melting point of gold at variable high temperature and pressure, if extrapolated could be used as a primary standard for measurements. 1 results 1
- Analysis 1 results 1
- Anambra State 1 results 1
- Antihypertensives 1 results 1
- Arable farming 1 results 1
- Auditory performance 1 results 1
- BACKGROUND: Trabeculectomy has undergone a series of modifications in recent times most of which are aimed at improving the efficacy of the procedure while reducing complications. The use of releasable sutures is one of such modifications. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and complications associated with the use of releasable sutures and 5- Fluorouracil(5-FU) in trabeculectomy among indigenous African patients with primary open angle glaucoma. METHODS: This was a chart review of 22 eyes of 17 patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma. All the eyes included in the review had trabeculectomy with 5-Fluorouracil using releasable suture technique with postoperative clinic follow- up visit for a minimum period of 72 weeks. Information sought included patient’s demographics, preoperative antiglaucoma medications, pre- and post- operative intraocular pressure, and associated complications. RESULTS: There were 17(13 M, 4 F) patients with 22 eye surgeries. Their mean age was 49.8 ± 9.3 years. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 27.7 ± 5.9 mmHg. The intraocular pressure on the first post-operative day was 10.6 ± 11.1 mmHg. The mean pressure before the removal of the releasable suture was 14.1 ± 10.8 mmHg and after removal was 6.0 ± 7.2 mmHg, (p < 0.0001). The mean intraocular pressure at 72 weeks of follow up was 16.9 ± 5.6 mmHg. A qualified success rate of 81.8% was achieved in terms of intraocular pressure control. There were two eyes complicated by blebitis and an eye complicated by malignant glaucoma. CONCLUSION: The use of releasable suture in trabeculectomy helped in maintaining the intraocular pressure at a lower level in the early postoperative period and in reducing postoperative shallowing of the anterior chamber. The procedure appears to be associated with some sight- threatening complications such as endophthalmitis. 1 results 1
- Background: Hypertension, defined as blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg, has assumed greater public health importance in Nigeria in the last 2 decades. Many reports put the adult prevalence rates at 20-40%, with some major ones specifically reporting 27.8% and 28.9%. Low detection and reporting rates, inadequate investigation and treatment rates all combine to increase the burden. The guidelines provide updated information. Recommendations: The traditional risk factors, with the addition of high income and education status, are highlighted. Recommendations regarding the use of devices and the setting, including home and ambulatory, in the measurement of the blood pressure, are updated. The importance of total cardiovascular risk assessment and risk stratification, employed in initiating and guiding therapy, is emphasized. Lifestyle modifications are prescribed for all; they are described with estimates of BP responses and with a greater reference to local conditions. Attention is drawn to the early use of medicine therapy in those with high CV risk and multi-medicine therapy in those with BP > 160/100 mmHg. The use of single pill combinations, wherever feasible, is recommended, and the prediction is made of most patients eventually requiring multi-medicine therapy. Considerations of cost, availability, tolerance and patient-specific factors influence the choice of medicines, and although any of the several medicine classes could be used for initial therapy, thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics and calcium channel blockers are recommended for single or dual-medicine therapy. Alternatively, any of these and any of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, centrally acting agent, beta-blocker or alphablocker could be used for combination therapy. Effective and recommended combinations and a list of the commonly available medicines in Nigeria are listed. Aspirin for secondary prevention and statin therapy should be used as required. The goal of treatment is commonly <140/90 mmHg, but could be lower in patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease. Patient counselling, follow-up and treatment monitoring are emphasised. Outlines of treatment in special groups or situations including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, haemoglobinopathies, HIV-infection, paediatric patients, patients with sexual dysfunction, resistant hypertension, hypertension emergency, community control and prevention are provided. 1 results 1
- Background: Physical inactivity contributes to the global burden of non-communicable diseases. The pattern of physical activity in adulthood are often established during adolescence and sedentary behaviours in the early years could influence the development of diseases later in life. Studies on physical activity in Nigeria have focused largely on individual behaviours and the effects of school-based interventions have not been well investigated. The aim of the proposed study is to identify factors influencing; and evaluate the effects of a multi-level intervention on the physical activity behaviours of in-school adolescents in Oyo state, Nigeria. Methods: The study will adopt a cluster randomised controlled trial design and schools will serve as the unit of randomisation. The sample size is 1000 in-school adolescents aged 10–19 years. The study will be guided by the socio-ecological model and theory of reasoned action and baseline data will be obtained through a mixed methods approach comprising a cross sectional survey to document the self-reported physical activity levels coupled with objectively measured physical activity levels using pedometers for a subset of the sample. Other measurements including weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, fitness level using the 20-m shuttle run test (20-mSRT) and blood pressure will be obtained. The schools’ built environment and policy support for physical activity will be assessed using structured questionnaires coupled with key informant interviews and focus group discussions with the school authorities. Baseline findings will guide the design and implementation of a 12-week multi-level intervention. The primary outcome measures are self–reported and 7-day objectively measured physical activity. Other secondary outcome measures are body-mass-index for age, waist-to-hip ratio, cardioresiratory fitness and blood pressure. The association between behavioural factors and physical activity levels will be assessed. Follow-up measurements will be taken immediately after the intervention and 3-months post intervention. Discussion: Physical activity behaviours of adolescents in Nigeria are influenced by multiple factors. There is an urgent need for effective school-based interventions with a potential to improve the physical activity behaviours of adolescents in Nigeria and other low and middle income countries. 1 results 1
- Background: The aim of the newly introduced “focused Antenatal Care (ANC)” is not only to achieve a minimum number of 4 visits, but also the timeliness of the commencement of the visits as well as the quality and relevance of services offered during the visits. This study is therefore designed to assess the quality of ANC services in Nigeria. Methods: We used information supplied by the 13410 respondents who claimed to have used the ANC facilities at least once within five year preceding the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Household Survey (NDHS). Ten components of ANC including: offer of HIV test, Tetanus Toxoid injection, receiving iron supplementation, intermittent preventive treatment (IPT), intestinal preventive drug (IPD), timely ANC enrollment and number of visits were assessed. Receipts of all the ten components were classified as desirable (good) quality of ANC services while receipt of eight critical components among the ten were assumed to be the minimum acceptable quality. Data was weighted and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models at 5 % significance level. Results: Measurement of blood pressure and receiving iron supplementation were the most commonly offered ANC component in Nigeria with 91.0 % each while IPD and IPT were given to only 20.7 % and 37.6 % respectively. Less than two thirds were taught on PMTCT while 41.7 % had HIV test and obtained results. Only 4.6 % (95 % CI: 4.2–5.1) of women received good quality of ANC while nearly 1.0 % did not receive any of the components. About 11.3 % (95 % CI: 10.6–11.9 %) of the attendees had minimum acceptable quality of ANC. Receipt of good quality ANC services was higher among users who initiated ANC early, had at least 4 ANC visits, attended to by skilled health workers, attended government and private hospitals and clinics. Higher odds of receiving good quality of ANC were found among users who lives in urban areas, having higher educational attainment, belonging to households in upper wealth quintiles and attended to by skilled ANC provider. Conclusions: The levels of desirable and minimum acceptable quality of ANC services were poor in Nigeria thereby jeopardizing efforts to achieve the MDGs. There is need for intensified commitment by national and state governments in Nigeria as well as other stakeholders to ensure that main components of ANC are received by the users. 1 results 1
- Background: There is relatively limited information on the risk factors and outcome of new onset Post stroke Anxiety (PSA) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. We estimated incidence, cumulative incidence, risk factors and outcome of new onset anxiety in the first year of stroke among African stroke survivors. Methods: We analyzed the dataset of a completed clinical trial comprising patients enrolled to test an intervention designed to improve one-year blood pressure control among recent ( one month) stroke survivors in Nigeria. Anxiety was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Community screening instrument for dementia (CSID) and Health Related Quality of Life in Stroke Patients (HRQOLISP-26). Results: Among 322 stroke survivors who were free of anxiety at baseline, we found a one-year cumulative incidence of 34% (95% CI = 28.6 39.3). Rates were 36.2% (95% CI =29.6 42.7) for men and 29.2% (95% CI =19.9 38.3) for women. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, haemorrhagic stroke type was associated with higher risk of new onset PSA (Hazard Ratio=1.52, 95% CI =1.01 2.29). New onset PSA was independently associated with cognitive [(mean difference (MD) in CSID scores=1.1, 95% C.I=0.2, 1.9)] and motor decline (MD in mRS scores= 0.2, 95% C.I= 0.4, 0.02), as well as poorer quality of life overtime (MD in total HRQOLISP-26 scores=3.6, 95% C.I=1.0, 6.2). Conclusion: One in 3 stroke survivors in Nigeria had PSA at one year. Clinicians in SSA should pay special attention to survivors of haemorrhagic stroke as they are at higher risk of incident anxiety and therefore its consequences. 1 results 1
- Background: Whether left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is determined by similar genomic and environmental risk factors with stroke, or is simply an intermediate stroke marker, is unknown. Objectives: We present a research plan and preliminary findings to explore the overlap in the genomic and environmental determinants of LVH and stroke among Africans participating in the SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network) study. Methods: SIREN is a transnational, multicenter study involving acute stroke patients and age-, ethnicity-, and sex-matched control subjects recruited from 9 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Genomic and environmental risk factors and other relevant phenotypes for stroke and LVH are being collected and compared using standard techniques. Results: This preliminary analysis included only 725 stroke patients (mean age 59.1 13.2 years; 54.3% male). Fifty-five percent of the stroke subjects had LVH with greater proportion among women (51.6% vs. 48.4%; p < 0.001). Those with LVH were younger (57.9 12.8 vs. 60.6 13.4; p ¼ 0.006) and had higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (167.1/99.5 mm Hg vs 151.7/90.6 mm Hg; p < 0.001). Uncontrolled blood pressure at presentation was prevalent in subjects with LVH (76.2% vs. 57.7%; p < 0.001). Significant independent predictors of LVH were age 90 mm Hg (AOR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.39 to 3.19; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of LVH was high among stroke patients especially the younger ones, suggesting a genetic component to LVH. Hypertension was a major modifiable risk factor for stroke as well as LVH. It is envisaged that the SIREN project will elucidate polygenic overlap (if present) between LVH and stroke among Africans, thereby defining the role of LVH as a putative intermediate cardiovascular phenotype and therapeutic target to inform interventions to reduce stroke risk in populations of African ancestry 1 results 1
- Bambusa vulgaris 1 results 1
- Biodegradability 1 results 1
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