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Insights into the evolution of IncQ plasmids derived form studies in pRAS3 by Loftie-Eaton, Wesley
Published 2010Get full text
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Achievement in physics concepts 1 results 1
- Background: Community-based studies of the rates and profile of depression among Africans are still sparse. Methods: As part of the World Mental Health Surveys initiative, a clustered multi-stage sampling of households in 21 of Nigeria's 36 states (representing 57% of the national population) was implemented to select adults aged 18 years and over(N=6752)for face-to-face interviews using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE) was based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition. Results: Lifetime and 12 monthestimatesofMDEwere3.1%(standarderror0.3) and1.1% (s.e.0.1), receptively. Increasing age was associated with higher estimates of positive responses to stem (screen)questions for depression and of lifetime disorders among stem-positive respondents. The mean age of onset was about 29.2 years. The median (inter quantile range, IQR) duration of an episode among lifetime cases was 1.0 (2.0–2.4) year and the median (IQR) number of lifetime episodes was 1.5 (2.0–2.8). MDE was highly comorbid with anxiety disorders, musculoskeletal conditions, chronic pain and ulcer. The odds ratio of lifetime suicide attempt among persons with lifetime MDEwas11.6(95%confidenceinterval,3.9–34.9).Over25%of12-monthcaseswererated as severely disabled in the performance of usual roles. Only 16.9%(i.e. 5.0) of 12-monthcases had received any treatment. Limitations: All data were based on self-reports. Conclusion: MDE, defined according to DSM-IV, is a risk factor for mental and physical comorbidity as well as disability in Nigerians. Age-related telescoping or denial may partly explain the low rates in this young population 1 results 1
- Background: Resin bonded bridges (RBB) was introduced as an alternative to conventional bridges for tooth replacement under certain clinical conditions. It was designed as a temporary restoration which is reversible and the clinicians’ major concern has been its longevity. The major cause of failure was attributed to de-bonding caused by complex multi- directional inter-abutment stresses associated with the 3-unit bridge that challenges the retainer and adhesive bond. The study aimed to assess the attitude, knowledge and practice of resident doctors on the performance factors of RBB. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted amongst residents at an update course using self –administered questionnaires. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of questions related to participants’ sociodemographics, intended area of expertise, years of experience and percentage of RBBs performed in their clinical prosthodontic / restorative practice. The second part of the questionnaire comprised closeended multiple-choice questions which were designed to extract the opinion and understanding of the respondents regarding performance factor for RBBs. The questions were related to clinical indications, prosthesis design etc Results: Eighty percent of the participants indicated that had <10% tooth replacement service was done with RBB, 44.7% of the respondents considered RBB as a provisional restoration while 28 (36.8%) regarded RBB as both provisional and permanent restoration. About 76% of the respondents believe that perforated retainers were associated with clinical success of RBBs. 70% considered anterior maxilla as the most favorable location while class 1 jaw relation was preferred by 60% of participants Conclusion: With less than 10% of teeth replacement done using RBBs, there is a need for continuing education opportunities for practicing dentists and better exposure of undergraduate and postgraduate students to clinical application of RBBs 1 results 1
- Child community 1 results 1
- Depression 1 results 1
- Disability 1 results 1
- Goal-orientation 1 results 1
- Interactive invention 1 results 1
- Interscholastic sport represents an integral part ofthe social physical education programme and in most cases it evolves from the intramural and extramural athletic. It consists o f the activities organized strictly between academic institution which is primarily restricted to academic trainee o f a particular level o f education and characterized by high skill level on the part of the participant which provides the opportunity to discover and re-discover themselves and through this they may launch into limelight. Unfortunately, this importance o f interscholastic sport is been eroded in Oriade Local Government area due to poor administration. The study investigated influenced o f administrative factors o f interscholastic programme among selected secondary schools in Oriade Local Government area o f Osun state. The population for the study comprises ofall principals, games masters/mistresses, sport committee members and students at secondary schools in Oriade local Government area o f Osun state. Two hundred and fifty (250) respondents were randomly selected from the population. A self structured questionnaire with reliability index o f 0.89 was used for data collection while inferential statistics chi-square was used to analyse data collected for the study. Findings from the study showed that poor officiating, scheduling and schools management apathy towards interscholastic sport are the factors hindering effective administration o f interscholastic sport in Oriade Local Government area o f Osun state. The findings were discussed and recommendations useful for the effective organization of inter scholastic sport were also given. 1 results 1
- Job involvement 1 results 1
- Nigeria 1 results 1
- Perception 1 results 1
- Poverty level 1 results 1
- Prevalence. Comorbidity 1 results 1
- Problem-based Learning 1 results 1
- Psychological perspective 1 results 1
- Self-efficacy 1 results 1
- Self–efficacy 1 results 1
- The aim of this study is to provide an evidenced-based psychological and economic perspective on the rising level of poverty among women in Nigeria. The rationale for the study is anchored on the latest reports by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund that Nigeria is now home to the largest number of poorest people in the world. Women constitute over 60% of the poorest people in Nigeria and going by the IMF statistics that Nigeria has over 87 million people in extreme poverty translates to approximately 52 million women on the clutches of extreme poverty. Although there have been efforts by successive governments in Nigeria to improve the livelihood of women in Nigeria and lift them out from poverty, the facts on the ground are not encouraging as a large number of women continues to wallow in extreme poverty. With the benefits of inter-disciplinary research that intersects at the boundaries of finance and psychology, this study investigated possible psychological factors such as job involvement, self-efficacy and goal orientation that could be implicated in this scenario. The study used survey design in two states in South Western Nigeria namely: Lagos and Ogun. 600 women (400 in Lagos and 200 in Ogun) were sampled. The sampling was cross-sectional and respondents were selected through a multi-stage purposive sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was scaled and a step-wise multiple regression was used for testing the hypothesis. Results of the analysis showed that all the explanatory variables namely: self-efficacy, goal orientation and job involvement were significant predictors of women pre-disposition to engaging in productive activities. The result showed that women who are cognitively goal oriented strives to develop skills and are more disposed to take up productive investments (job oriented). Based on these findings, the study recommended, amongst others, that efforts should be made to re-tool the approach to women development in Nigeria through skill acquisition and value reorientation. 1 results 1
- The quantitative method was applied in gleaning information on the type and degree of legal provisions on the rights of access to education of persons with disabilities (PWDs) in Nigeria. Using the six Geo-political zones of Nigeria, the paper reasoned that participants’ perception and or opinions on rights of access to education, its acceptability, availability and affordability is not discriminatory irrespective of whether the beneficiaries are people with disabilities and or (otherwise, without disabilities). The study utilized the descriptive survey research design subsumed within the ex-post-facto method while it drew and used, through a simple random sampling technique, 399 participants from among tertiary institutions’ students, teachers and administrators who voluntarily completed a Self-constructed and validated research measure tagged ‘the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to Education Inventory’ (RoPDEI). Multiple regression statistical methods at 0.05 alpha was applied. While the findings showed that the provision of rights to education for PWDs (p<0.05) and expected reforms to equal access (p<0.05) were statistically significant. Of the clustered variables however, only “sympathy/pity” and “empathy” accounted for approximately 25% (p<0.05) and 18% (p<0.05) contribution respectively. Furthermore, the disability-type (p>0.05) was not significant; even though, in considering the factor contribution, participants who submitted that “they were people without disabilities” had beta weight of 23.5% (approximately 24%) (p<0.01) to the variance. It thus recommended inter-alia, that the Federal Government of Nigeria should legislate specifically on the rights of PWDs in keeping with its obligation under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD); and that the enactment of an Act to domesticate the convention on the Rights of PWDs in Nigeria should be urgently put in place. All socio-environmental and funding barriers to legislative reforms should be mitigated. 1 results 1
- The study investigated the interrelationships between psychological variables such as Stressful life event, Self-esteem, Life satisfaction and Inner meaning fulfilment (IMF) among students of the University of Ibadan. There were eight hundred and eight five (885) participants with 449 (50.7%) males and 436 (49.3%) females. The mean age for the participants was 26.2 years with a standard deviation of 6.0 and age range from 15 - 60 years. The IMF scale (Logo test), which is in form of a questionnaire, was used for the data collection. Inter - correlation of the variables was conducted using the Pearson product correlation to test the three predictor variables which were significantly related to inner meaning fulfilment except the life satisfaction, (r = .06) was not significant. Self-esteem had a positive significant correlation with IMF (r = .18) although a negative relationship was expected while in life stressful event (r - 13) a negative correlation was found with IMF scale. Based on these findings a further research with those predictor variables with inner meaning fulfilment needs to be conducted in order to verify those issues raised in this study. 1 results 1
- The traditional instructional strategies employed by most physics teachers in teaching the subject has consistently led to low student achievement. Hence there is need to employ new instructional strategies such as problem-based learning (PBL) and inter-active invention (IIS) instructional strategies, particularly, among the NCE pre-service teachers in Nigeria. The two strategies have been proved in the literature to help in alleviating the problem of low student achievement in physics, but they have not been adopted in the teaching of physics in Nigerian Colleges of Education. This study, therefore, ascertained the effects of problem–based learning and interactive invention instructional strategies on NCE pre-service teachers‘ achievement in physics and acquisition of science process skills. A pretest-posttest, control-group, quasi–experimental research design with a 3x3x2 factorial matrix was used. Three state and three federal colleges of education from South-western Nigeria were purposively selected. Ninety eight female and 94 male final year NCE physics students with high, medium and low self-efficacy constituted the sample. One state and one federal college of Education were used for each of the two experimental groups and the control group. The Instruments used were: Physics Achievement Test (r=0.875), Students‘ Physics Self–Efficacy Questionnaire (r=0.956), Science Proces Skills Worksheets (SPSW), Classroom Activities Rating Scale (r=0.820), Teachers‘ Instructional Guides for Problem-Based Learning Strategy (PBLS), Interactive Invention Strategy (IIS) and Conventional Lecture Method (CLM). Three research questions were answered and seven null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Multiple Clasification Analysis (MCA) and Scheffe post hoc analysis. Treatment had a significant main effect on pre-service teachers’ achievement in physics concepts (F(2,174) = 43.44, P <.05) and science process skills acquisition (F(2,175) = 183.80, P <.05). In achievement in physics concepts, students exposed to problem-based learning obtained a higher achievement score (=51.98) than those exposed to interactive invention instructional strategy ( =40.32) and the conventional lec-ture method ( =30.23). Those exposed to problem-based learning instructional strategy obtained higher science process skills scores ( =73.67) than those exposed to interactive invention instructional strategy (=60.21) and conventional lecture method (=26.73). There was no significant main effect of gender on pre-service teachers’ achievement in physics (F (1 174) = .026 P > .05) and acquisition of science process skills (F (1,175) = .361, P >.05). The three-way interactions of treatment, self-efficacy and gender showed a significant interaction effect for achievement in physics (F (3,174) = 3.27, P<.05) and for science process skills acquisition (F(3,175) = 2.92, P <.05). There was no significant effect of self-efficacy and gender on achievement and science process skills acquisition; the two-way interactions showed no significant effect. Problem–based learning and interactive invention instructional strategies improved student achievement in physics and science process skills acquisition. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers, curriculum developers and textbook writers should adopt these two instructional strategies for the improvement of students‘ learning outcomes in physics. 1 results 1
- The utilization of the Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances (Child–OIDP), one of the most widely used quality of life measures for children, in rural communities will require cross adaptation of the measure since rural communities in Africa are in no small way influenced by the prevailing cultural norms and values. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of self administered Child–OIDP measure in a rural Community in Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted among 403 secondary school students in Igboora, Nigeria using self-administered Child–OIDP questionnaire translated into the local language. The mean age of the study participants was 12.4 (±0.7) years. The impact of oral health on their daily performances scores ranged from 0 to 66. Higher OIDP scores were significantly associated with perceived need for dental treatment (p < 0.001), satisfaction ratings of oral health condition (p = 0.001), satisfaction ratings of tooth appearance (p = 0.030) and pain (p < 0.001). The use of frequency or severity scales separately or combined exhibited similar and acceptable validity and reliability; however, the frequency scale alone had the highest Cronbach’s alpha value (0.876), while use of both frequency and severity scales was best for inter–item correlations (0.552-0.714). The translated version of the Child–OIDP measure is a valid and applicable tool in a rural community. Use of either the frequency or severity scale of this version of Child–OIDP is valid, cross-culturally adaptable and recommended 1 results 1
- Treatment 1 results 1
- Yoruba migration to Kano was shaped both by social and economic reality of the British colonial rule and trajectories of the post-colonial state. In Kano, the wider opportunity for the advancement of commercial frontier attracted generations of Yoruba traders, artisans, entrepreneurs and professionals. This book articulates the historical process that led to the evolution as well as the consolidation of the Yoruba commercial diaspora in Kano. Three interconnected themes: migration, entrepreneurship and intergroup relations in a commercial diaspora were systematically pursued in this work. All through the trajectory, the book has reconstructed the historical metamorphosis of the Yoruba trading diaspora chronologically from colonial period to the post-colonial era and, by extension, part of the commercial history of modern Kano. In 1912, Yoruba commerce in Kano entered a- new phase from the socio-cultural bases already established in the pre-colonial economy. Linder the British rule, Yoruba identity in Kano was dramatically transformed to become “non-natives” or “strangers." The British used diverse measures including stereotype, criminalisation and ethnic segregation to control Yoruba migration to Kano. Resentment and criminalisation were used to segregate and exclude the Yoruba from the mainstream Kano society. In this respect.- ethnic relations were mediated by colonial encounter. Colonialism challenged the migrants’ identity and self-understanding. The r transformative effects of this challenge redefined inter-ethnic relations to produce new imbalances, crystallisation of communal identities and social cohesion. As such, inter-ethnic rivalry sustained the British rule and remained pervasive in the post-colonial context. The intriguing feature of ethnic segregation as model of state structure and development provided stimulus for diaspora identity. Despite the control measures, the groundnut export and urbanisation processes in Kano influenced the greater proportion of Yoruba migration within the framework of kinship linkages. But Yoruba traders encountered structural disadvantages in the commodity trade. Commercially, Yoruba women were among the active traders whose entrepreneurial activities linked the rural markets with the urban economy and stimulated income and distribution of Kano made goods. From 1985 and up to 1999, a downward trend was recorded in Yoruba enterprise in Kano due to economic contraction and urban crises. The methodology for this study was primarily empirical in approach: In-depth oral interviews, research visits to neighbourhoods, fact finding surveys made on individuals, organisations and institutions as data sources in an interactive manner. The emphasis on field experience and broader interviews across ethnic, occupational and gender categories facilitated the validation of data collected and interpretation ensured that the analysis was a product of communal reflections. In this study, it has been found that ethnicity was fundamental in social and economic networks through which commerce was undertaken. The overriding value of Yoruba ethnic identity in Kano was the creation of a socio-economic community that allocated productive resources in the employment of labour, capital mobilisation, entrepreneurship and social security. The recreation and reorganisation of ethnic associations were largely influenced by successful entrepreneurs who played significant leadership roles. However, social functions restricted entrepreneurial investment in commercial activities. The study has examined the survival strategy employed by the Yoruba in combating incorporation and exclusion prism that curtailed, challenged or encouraged their commercial activities. As a trading community, the Yoruba used their flexible identity, professional skills and religions (both Christianity and Islam) for commercial success. The special skills of the entrepreneurs and complimentary commercial roles of artisans had led to the transfer of technical skills, improved craft industry, urban development, stimulated income and growth of markets, and tho over increasing urban population that provided the much needed skilled labour tor tho expanding industries. Yoruba enterprise generated labour supply, provided employment and above all, contributed to the process of capital accumulation Indeed, the special skills and complementary commercial roles of the Yoruba Christians constituted an invaluable asset to their acceptance among the Muslim host community Many of the Yoruba Muslim migrant households have been complotely absorbed into the cultural and religious values of Kano. Closely connected to this, is the fact that, many of the unassimllatod younger gemmation of tho Muslim Yoruba Migrants developed a plural identity As n consequence, tho commercial diaspora produced a hybrid generation namely; the Kano Yoruba, who had a stronger sentiment for the hosl community. Empirically, the two ethnic groups (Hausa and Yoruba) still retain many of tho loan words borrowed from each other’s languages for Islamic, commercial, equestrian and sundry matters. These extensive social network and marital linkages had facilitated ethnic harmony and hospitality. A remarkable aspect of this study is the discussion on tho ambivalent Hausa and Yoruba relations namely: economic competition on one hand and cultural constraints of identity on the other hand. Yoruba commercial activities in Kano have occasioned stress and suspicion generated considerably by economic competition. Some of the riots in Kano from 1953 to 1999 were caused by socio-political problems with devastating consequences on Kano economy most especially, state of insecurity of investment, tho fear of looting, wanton destruction of lives and economic gains, and tho exodus of migrant artisans and entrepreneurs. Some of the Yoruba experienced economic dislocation. Hence, they liquidated their businesses and or relocated to their places of origin or other commercial cities in Nigeria. The study concludes that Yoruba enterprise in Kano contributed to the transmission of technical skills among different communities and the transformation of modern Kano as a commercial metropolis in Nigeria. Without family connections and support network in a competitive context, Yoruba diaspora became ethnically assertive in terms of associational life. Thus, in the process, diaspora identity restricted the prospect of integration of the migrants into the host community. 1 results 1
- bridges 1 results 1
- child–OIDP 1 results 1
- practice 1 results 1
- quality of life 1 results 1
- reliability 1 results 1
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