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Encapsulation of iron(III) protoporphyrin IX and tetraphenylporphyrin in metal-organic frameworks for application as heterogeneous oxidation catalysts by Dare, Nicola A
Published 2019“…By contrast MO uptake by 2 was much lower (2 ± 1 mg.g-1 ) and PXRD indicated structural instability on exposure to water was the likely cause. Two methods for Fe(III)PPIX incorporation into 1 were investigated: soaking and encapsulation. …”
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Hydroformylation of alkenes using "heterogenized" complexes of rhodium by Joubert, Cornelia Maria
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The efficiency of a Swoxid prototype and an antimicrobial nanofiber membrane as POU filters by Gaborone, Mamosete Dorothy
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Crack width 2 results 2
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- Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in developing countries. In Nigeria, studies on indoor air quality, particularly, the microflora that are associated with respiratory infections are scanty. This study was therefore designed to determine risk factors in the indoor environment that could predispose under-five children in Ibadan to respiratory infections. A prospective hospital-based case-control study of 220 under-five children each with ARIs (cases) and without ARIs (controls) presenting consecutively in two major hospitals in Ibadan; Oni-memorial Children Hospital and University College Hospital, was carried out. Cases and controls were recruited from January to April, 2010 and matched for age, sex and parent's education. A community-based follow-up of cases and controls was carried out using a checklist to assess indoor housing indicators such as ventilation, temperature and relative humidity. Interviewer-administered four hundred and forty questionnaires were used to elicit information from mothers of under-five children among cases and controls on risk factors for ARIs. Temperature and Relative Humidity (RH) of the livingroom, bedroom and Kitchen were measured between 8-11am using multi-tester N21FR. Airborne microbial samples were collected using non-volumetric method. The total bacterial and fungal counts per cubic metre were determined and compared with the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) guideline for residential buildings. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test and logistic regression at p=0.05. Mean ages of cases and controls were 20.4 ±2.5 and 20.9 ± 2.4 months respectively. Mean number of occupants per room among cases was 3.0 ± 1.1 compared to 2.0 ± 0.7 among controls (p<0.05). Forty percent of houses among cases had a minimum of two windows per room compared to 60% among controls (OR=3.3, CI:1.4-10.0). Mean indoor temperature and RH was significantly higher among cases (33.7 ± 1.6 ºC and 66.3 ±5.6%) than controls (31.6 ±1.8ºC and 61.9 ±6.3%). Streptococcus spp. (33.0%, 12.0%), Staphylococcus spp. (35.0%, 22.0%) and Aspergillus spp. (28.0%, 29.0%) were isolated from the indoor air environment among cases and controls respectively. Indoor total bacterial count among cases (9.6x102cfu/m3) was higher than among controls (3.5x102cfu/m3) and the AIHA guideline (?5.0x102cfu/m3) (p<0.05). Indoor fungal count was similar among cases and controls (0.2x102cfu/m3). The livingroom recorded the highest bacterial count of 5.4x102cfu/m3 and 1.4x102cfu/m3 for cases and controls respectively (p<0.05). Under-five children sleeping in same room with more than two adults were found to be twice more likely to develop respiratory infections than those who slept with less than two adults (OR=2.7, CI:1.7-3.6). The use of mosquito coil (OR=1.6, CI:1.0-2.3), lantern (OR=4.1, CI:2.4-6.9) and firewood for cooking (OR=9.3, CI:3.6-24.1) were found to be risk factors for ARIs. Environmental risk factors were higher among cases than controls. These may have contributed to an increased vulnerability to respiratory infections among cases. Health education on adequate ventilation, personal hygiene and good housing conditions are therefore advocated to minimise the risk of respiratory infections associated with poor indoor air quality. 1 results 1
- Acute respiratory infections 1 results 1
- Background: In resource-limited settings, HIV-1 drug resistance testing to guide antiretroviral therapy (ART) selection is unavailable. We retrospectively conducted genotypic analysis on archived samples from Nigerian patients who received targeted viral load testing to confirm treatment failure and report their drug resistance mutation patterns. Methods: Stored plasma from 349 adult patients on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) regimens was assayed for HIV-1 RNA viral load, and samples with more than 1000 copies/ml were sequenced in the pol gene. Analysis for resistance mutations utilized the IAS-US 2011 Drug Resistance Mutation list. Results: One hundred and seventy-five samples were genotyped; the majority of the subtypes were G (42.9%) and CRF02_AG (33.7%). Patients were on ART for a median of 27 months. 90% had the M184V/I mutation, 62% had at least one thymidine analog mutation, and 14% had the K65R mutation. 97% had an NNRTI resistance mutation and 47% had at least two etravirine-associated mutations. In multivariate analysis tenofovir-based regimens were less likely to have at least three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations after adjusting for subtype, previous ART, CD4, and HIV viral load [P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 0.04]. 70% of patients on tenofovir-based regimens had at least two susceptible NRTIs to include in a second-line regimen compared with 40% on zidovudine-based regimens (P ¼ 0.04, OR ¼ 3.4). Conclusions: At recognition of treatment failure, patients on tenofovir-based first-line regimens had fewer NRTI drug-resistant mutations and more active NRTI drugs available for second-line regimens. These findings can inform strategies for ART regimen sequencing to optimize long-term HIV treatment outcomes in low-resource settings. 1 results 1
- Background: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) infection is caused by a pox virus and the virus is probably passed on by direct skin-to- skin contact which may affect any part of the body. There is anecdotal evidence associating facial lesions with HIV-related immunodeficiency. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Molluscum contagiosum infection among PLWHAs attending ART clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 5,207 patients (3519 female and 1688 males) attending ART clinic between January 2006 and December 2007. Physicians performed complete physical and pelvic examinations. Diagnosis of Molluscum Contagiosum infection was based on the clinical findings of typical lesions on the external genitalia, perianal, trunk, abdominal and facial regions. Results: The mean age of the patients was 34.67 yrs. ± 9.16). About 10% (542) had various sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The male to female ratio was 1: 4.2. One hundred and twenty seven subjects (23.4%) had no formal or primary education with 247 (45.6 %) being treatment naive while 295 (54.4 %) were treatment experienced. Of the 542 PLWHAs with STIs, 3.3 % had undetectable viral load (< 200 copies/ ml) while 272 (50.1 %) had low CD4 count (< 200 cells / mm3.) and The Mean log10 viral load was 5.02 ± 0.94. Molluscum Contagiosum infection was diagnosed in 13 patients (0.024%; 8 females and 5 males). Vaginal Candidiasis was the commonest genital infection diagnosed in 223 (41.1%) of the patients with STIs. MC patients had higher viral load, lower CD4 count and more likely to be treatment experienced”. Conclusions: Molluscum Contagiosum infection is not uncommon among the HIV-infected patients, but underreported. Awareness of this cutaneous manifestation should be known to Physicians in AIDS care. 1 results 1
- Cold store operators 1 results 1
- Drug resistance 1 results 1
- Failure in pre-cast waffle slabs can be attributed to factors like analytical error, poor handling during transportation and placement which factors often lead to partial/total failure of slabs. The conventional method of analysing waffle slabs focuses on the ribs, while the slab portions at the top are avoided. This has led to under reinforcement and subsequent failure of the slab portions that are usually in direct contact with loads. In this study, a method that incorporates both the slab and rib portions in the analysis of pre-cast waffle slabs was therefore developed. Yield Line and Rankine Grashoff Theories (YLRGT) were combined for the analysis of pre-cast waffle slab. Six physical models of waffle slab were developed, each having five replicates, with the following dimensions: W1 (1353 x 430 x 58 mm), W2 (900 x 300 x 50 mm), W3 (1085 x 430 x 58 mm), W4 (407 x 364 x 50 mm), W5 (1312 x 300 x 58 mm) and W6 (860 x 360 x 50mm). Solid slabs of the same size and number designated S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 served as control. These models were validated using the slabs by testing for failure loads, deflections and crack width. Each slab was subjected to incremental load of 1.0 kN until failure occurred. Maximum bending moments were obtained for slab and rib portions using YLRGT, a finite element based method called ETABS was also used to analyse the slabs and results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA at p= 0.05. The YLRGT analysis of the various physical models (slab portion, transverse and longitudinal ribs) yielded the following bending moments: W1 (5526.0, 34.5, 918.3) Nm, W2 (1122.0, 279.2, 36.5) Nm, W3 (2880.0, 27.2, 619.9) Nm, W4 (590.0, 171.9, 160.9) Nm, W5 (947.0, 37.0, 4.4) Nm and W6 (1276.0, 90.4, 36.2) Nm respectively. The ETABS combined both slab and ribs giving W1 (4729.0) Nm, W2 (581.0) Nm, W3 (3338.0) Nm, W4 (733.0) Nm, W5 (851.0) Nm and W6 (686.0) Nm. Deflections at failure for waffle slab were smaller compared to solid slabs: (W1 = 1.19 and S1 =3.56) mm, (W2 = 3.64 and S2 =9.28) mm, (W3 = 3.90 and S3 =7.44) mm, (W5 = 8.17 and S5 =12.18) mm, (W6 = 3.29 and S6 =3.89) mm with the exception of W4 (6.60 mm) and S4 (6.44mm), where deflection of waffle slab was higher than that of solid slab. Mean deflection of S1 was significantly higher than W1, while S2 was significantly higher than W2. Average crack width for waffle (0.48 mm) and solid slabs (0.99 mm) were significantly different. High crack width in solid slab indicated lower shear strength. The Yield Line and Rankine Grashoff Theories have facilitated the accurate analysis of pre-cast waffle slabs by separating the slab and rib portions. 1 results 1
- Failure in pre-cast waffle slabs can be attributed to factors like analytical error, poor handling during transportation and placement which factors often lead to partial/total failure of slabs. The conventional method of analyzing waffle slabs focuses on the ribs, while the slab portions at the top are avoided. This has led to under reinforcement and subsequent failure of the slab portions that are usually in direct contact with loads. In this study, a method that incorporates both the slab and rib portions in the analysis of pre-cast waffle slabs was therefore developed. Yield Line and Rankine Grashoff Theories (YLRGT) were combined for the analysis of pre-cast waffle slab. Six physical models of waffle slab were developed, each having five replicates, with the following dimensions: W1 (1353 x 430 x 58 mm), W2 (900 x 300 x 50 mm), W3 (1085 x 430 x 58 mm), W4 (407 x 364 x 50 mm), W5 (1312 x 300 x 58 mm) and W6 (860 x 360 x 50mm). Solid slabs of the same size and number designated S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 served as control. These models were validated using the slabs by testing for failure loads, deflections and crack width. Each slab was subjected to incremental load of 1.0 kN until failure occurred. Maximum bending moments were obtained for slab and rib portions using YLRGT, a finite element based method called ETABS was also used to analyse the slabs and results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA at p= 0.05. The YLRGT analysis of the various physical models (slab portion, transverse and longitudinal ribs) yielded the following bending moments: W1 (5526.0, 34.5, 918.3) Nm, W2 (1122.0, 279.2, 36.5) Nm, W3 (2880.0, 27.2, 619.9) Nm, W4 (590.0, 171.9, 160.9) Nm, W5 (947.0, 37.0, 4.4) Nm and W6 (1276.0, 90.4, 36.2) Nm respectively. The ETABS combined both slab and ribs giving W1 (4729.0) Nm, W2 (581.0) Nm, W3 (3338.0) Nm, W4 (733.0) Nm, W5 (851.0) Nm and W6 (686.0) Nm. Deflections at failure for waffle slab were smaller compared to solid slabs: (W1 = 1.19 and S1 =3.56) mm, (W2 = 3.64 and S2 =9.28) mm, (W3 = 3.90 and S3 =7.44) mm, (W5 = 8.17 and S5 =12.18) mm, (W6 = 3.29 and S6 =3.89) mm with the exception of W4 (6.60 mm) and S4 (6.44mm), where deflection of waffle slab was higher than that of solid slab. Mean deflection of S1 was significantly higher than W1, while S2 was significantly higher than W2. Average crack width for waffle (0.48 mm) and solid slabs (0.99 mm) were significantly different. High crack width in solid slab indicated lower shear strength. The Yield Line and Rankine Grashoff Theories have facilitated the accurate analysis of pre-cast waffle slabs by separating the slab and rib portions. 1 results 1
- Fish retailers 1 results 1
- Fish storage 1 results 1
- Frozen fish 1 results 1
- HIV 1 results 1
- HIV-1 1 results 1
- Indoor air quality 1 results 1
- Introduction. Food contamination with Listeria monocytogenes is on the increase posing threats to public health with growing trends in food products recalls due to suspected Listeria contamination. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) among 71 randomly selected poultry farms in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 450 samples comprising cloacal swabs (426) and randomly selected dressed chicken meat (24) were cultured for Lm isolation using BrillianceTM Selective Listeria Agar with antibiotics and microbial load count with Nutrient Agar. Further identification was done using microscopic, biochemical characterization and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Data were analysed using bivariate analysis and student t-test. Results. An overall prevalence of 91.8% Lm contamination was obtained comprising 91.5% (390/426) in cloacal swabs and 95.8% (23/24) in meat. The prevalence of Lm in cloacal samples was significantly associated with poultry type (p = 0.008) and breed (p = 0.000. In addition, all the flocks had at least one positive sample yielding 100% flock prevalence. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that most of the isolates were resistant to common antibiotics like Ampicillin-cloxacillin and cefuroxime. Conclusions. The results revealed a high level of contamination with Lm in the poultry flock and meat and the observed resistance to most common antibiotics has implications for future disease control as well as public health. There is need to step up routine screening of food animal products for Listeria contamination as well as measures towards reducing such contaminations. 1 results 1
- Listeria monocytogenes 1 results 1
- Meat contamination 1 results 1
- Microbial load 1 results 1
- Molluscum 1 results 1
- Non-B subtype 1 results 1
- Protected springs 1 results 1
- Public health 1 results 1
- Resource-limited settings second line 1 results 1
- Sanitary inspection 1 results 1
- Sanitary risk score 1 results 1
- Sexually Transmitted Infection 1 results 1
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