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HYGIENE FACTORS INFLUENCING OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
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DNA AND SYSTEMIC DAMAGE INDUCED BY LANDFILL LEACHATES, AND HEALTH IMPACTS OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO LANDFILLS IN LAGOS AND IBADAN, NIGERIA
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SOLID WASTE SEGREGATION AS A STRATEGY FOR IMPROVED WASTE MANAGEMENT IN OKAKA COMMUNITY, BAYELSA STATE
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Effect of Concrete-Representational-Abstract and Explicit Instructional Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students’ Achievement in and Attitude to Mathematics
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An observational study of seatbelt use among vehicle occupants in Nigeria
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 2 results 2
- bovine tuberculosis 2 results 2
- A seroprevalence study was carried out among trade cattle slaughtered at Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Ibadan (southwestern Nigeria) over a period of 3 consecutive years from 2004 to 2006 with a view to determining the breed, sex and age distribution in the seropositivity of bovine brucellosis. In total, 1642 animals were examined for antibodies to Brucella abortus using the Rose Bengal test. Seroprevalences of 6.00 %, 6.17 % and 5.31 % were obtained in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively but a decrease in 2006 shows no significantdifference (P>0.05). The role of the breed (P>0.05), sex (P>0.05) and age (P>0.05) in the occurrence of the infection was not statistically significant at 5 %, although higher rates were obtained for females and older animals. The trend in the disease over the 3-year period showed that it is endemic in trade cattle slaughtered in Ibadan and the public health implications of this are discussed. 1 results 1
- A study was carried out to investigate the dimensional properties of cement bonded particle board from waste of 3 urban trees common in University of Ibadan campus. The 3 wood species used for board production are: Gmelina arborea, Delonix regia,and Samanea sena. The dimensional properties investigated are thickness swelling and water absorption. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 probability level. Results showed that the mean values obtained for the thickness swelling (TS) after 24- and 48-hours of water immersion ranged from 0.52% - 7.72% and 0.51% - 7.66%. Cement-bonded particleboard made from Gmelina arborea sawdust have the lowest value of thickness swelling of 0.51% followed by Samanea sena of 1.79% and least thickness swelling value of 5.96% from Delonix regia. The effect of wood species, mixing ratio levels and interaction were significantly different at 5% significance level. The mean value of obtained for the water absorption (WA) after 24- and 48-hours of water immersion ranged from 29.60%- 11.47% and 33.34% - 14.20%. All the wood species used in the production of cement-bonded particleboards show decrease in the physical properties assessed as the mixing ratio level of the cement binder increases in the production. 1 results 1
- Academic Achievement and attitude to civic education 1 results 1
- Access to potable water is difficult for many African residents. This study evaluated the bacteriological quality of household water collected in the dry and wet seasons across five municipal local government areas (LGAs) in Ibadan, a large city in southwest Nigeria. A total of 447 water samples (dry season, n 5 250; wet season, n 5 197) were aseptically collected from a random sample of mapped households within Ibadan’s five municipal LGAs. The pH values and total aerobic and coliform bacterial counts were measured, and samples were screened for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia by standard phenotypic techniques and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The most common source of water was well (53.2%), followed by borehole (34%). None of the households used municipal tap water. Cumulatively, aerobic (P 5 0.0002) and coliform (P 5 0.0001) counts as well as pH values (P 5 0.0002) changed significantly between seasons, with increasing and decreasing counts depending on the LGA. Nonpotable water samples were found to be very common during the dry (86.8%) and wet (74.1%) seasons. Escherichia coli spp., as indicators of recent fecal contamination, were isolated from 115 (25.7%) of the household water sources. Thirty three Salmonella, four enteroaggregative E. coli, and four enterotoxigenic E. coli isolates but no Shigella or Yersinia isolates were identified. This study revealed the absence of treated tap water and the poor quality of alternative sources with detectable pathogens in municipal Ibadan. Addressing the city-wide lack of access to potable water is an essential priority for preventing a high prevalence of feco-orally transmitted infections. 1 results 1
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most devastating global health pandemics. The immune suppression of infected persons predisposes them to opportunistic infections resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Factors influencing HIV/AIDS in Nigeria are known; however, the influences of physical environmental factors on People Living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHAs) in Nigeria have not been fully explored. This study was therefore designed to investigate the association between these factors and the occurrence of Opportunistic Infections (OIs) among PLWHAs in Abuja. A case control study was conducted. PLWHAs in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) were randomly selected from the six area councils in FCT. Two health facilities were randomly selected by balloting from the nine that provides special services to PLWHAs in AMAC. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit 66 cases and 68 controls from the facilities. Cases were defined as HIV positive clients with OIs while controls were defined as confirmed HIV positive clients not manifesting OIs. Opportunistic Infections considered were Tuberculosis (TB), persistent diarrhea, oral thrush and herpes. The controls were matched by sex, age and residential area. Respondents’ demographic characteristics, level of knowledge and hygiene practices were assessed using a validated questionnaire. The level of knowledge of Environmental Influence on Health (EIH) was determined using 40 point scale. Observational checklist was used to assess the prevailing environmental conditions in households. Bacteriological examination of drinking water sources of 25.0% of cases and controls was conducted using standard methods as described by the American Public Health Association. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and t-test were used for data analysis. Respondents’ mean age was 35.9 ± 6.7years for cases and 34.4 ± 7.0years for controls. About 48.6% and 51.4% of cases and controls respectively were females. The OIs manifested by cases were TB (56.6%), oral thrush (77.4%), persistent diarrhea (69.8%) and herpes (11.3%). The mean knowledge scores on EIH of cases and controls were 31.7 ± 8.9 and 29.0± 13.1 with no significant different. Majority of the cases (75.8%) and control (70.6%) washed their hands with soap after toilet use. Also 66.7% of cases and controls (68.7%) used water closets for excreta disposal. About twenty four percent of cases as against nine percent of controls obtained drinking water from contaminated sources (OR: 3.25; 95%CI: 1.09 – 10.14). Bacteriological analysis of client drinking water sources indicated that 76.0% of samples for cases and 64.3% for controls contained total coliform, while E.coli was detected in 21.4%, and 15.4% of samples for cases and controls respectively. The occurrence of water borne opportunistic infections among the cases may be attributable to contaminated drinking water sources. Provision of water especially potable water supply and continuing health education on hygiene practices are highly advocated. 1 results 1
- Activated biochar 1 results 1
- Adolescents, 1 results 1
- Agar gel precipitation test 1 results 1
- Agriculture 1 results 1
- Agriculture & Life Systems 1 results 1
- Agriculture & Life Systems — Agriculture 1 results 1
- Antibiotic resistance genes 1 results 1
- Bile 1 results 1
- Biochemical oxygen demand 1 results 1
- Biomass pyrolysis 1 results 1
- Boara 1 results 1
- Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a zoonotic disease responsiblefor considerable economic losses; with consequent negative impact on both public health and the livestock industry. However, the burden of this disease and associated economic losses remain un-investigated among slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, the hub of livestock activities in south-western Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted over a three-month period to determine the prevalence and economic losses due to BTB among slaughtered cattle at the Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Ibadan, in south-western Nigeria. Individual slaughtered cattle were purposively inspected for the presence of tuberculous lesions, and representative sample of affected organs and associated lymph nodes from the BTB suspected animals were taken. The suspected lesions were processed based on Becton Dickinson digestion and decontamination procedure and the losses due to BTB were estimated mathematically, using a formula. The BTB prevalence of 9.3 % (38/408) was obtained with a significant statistical association (P ≤ 0.05) of the disease with the breeds of cattle slaughtered. Out of the 46 visceral organs condemned: 29 (63 %) were lungs, 12 (26.1 %) livers, 4 (8.7 %) hearts and 1 (2.2 %) kidney. The total estimated annual economic loss (direct and indirect) due to BTB was estimated as Nigerian naria NGN 703,980,070 (EUR 1,725,441.4). This study revealed BTB as endemic and a major cause of concern considering its ill-health and economic effects on both humans and the livestock industry. Efforts are therefore required: to control this disease along the beef value chain in order to safeguard human and livestock health; as well as to limit the economic losses associated with its prevalence. 1 results 1
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from solid wastes is a major contributor to the acceleration of global warming. In Nigeria, CO2 capture has been limited to the energy sector only. There is need to explore the reduction of CO2 emissions from solid wastes through appropriate technologies. This study, therefore was designed to assess CO2 extraction by adsorbents in a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management facility in Akure, Nigeria. An exploratory study design with an intervention component was adopted. For a year, wastes brought to the MSW facility from three locations viz: markets, residences and roadside, were characterised and quantified monthly. Chemical characteristics of the wastes were determined using standard methods. Carbon-dioxide emissions were estimated from the MSW composition using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change tools. Air CO2 levels were monitored during the dry and wet seasons using a P-Sense Plus CO2 meter AZ-7755(PSPCM) and seasonal variations computed. A CO2 extractor which uses adsorbents consisting of Sawdust + Potassium Hydroxide (SKH), Sawdust + Sodium Hydroxide (SSH) and Sawdust + Calcium Hydroxide (SCH), all at ratio1:1, was designed and fabricated. The adsorbents were integrated into the equipment to capture CO2 from 5 kg samples of solid wastes burnt under controlled conditions with five replicates for each adsorbents during each test. The potential CO2 in the solid wastes was determined by ultimate analysis, while the concentration of CO2 adsorbed was obtained by finding the difference between the concentration of the CO2 at the inlet and outlet chambers of the extractor measured with the PSPCM. The effectiveness of the extractor combined with the adsorbents was determined by comparing the adsorbed CO2 with the potential CO2. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at The mean monthly wastes generation from the three locations were 1,004,130.8+742,394.6 kg (biodegradable wastes), 1,322,831.0+810,634.9 kg (plastics) and 1,330,813.5+400,412.4 kg (paper). The mean values for the chemical constituents of these wastes for the three locations, residential, roadside and market respectively were Nitrogen 2.7+0.6, 2.1+0.8 and 3.4+0.7%; Phosphorus 0.10+0.03, 0.10+0.03 and 0.10+0.04% and Carbon 53.2+1.4, 53.1+1.8 and 53.1+1.5%, with no significant difference within the groups. The estimated CO2 emissions was 1.2 Gg/Yr. The ambient CO2 levels ranged between 438.0+7.2 and 630.0+124.5 ppm in the dry season, and 407.3+11.3 and 506.9+71.1 ppm for the wet season. The mean potential CO2 in the solid wastes was 160.0+ 42.0 ppm. The mean CO2 adsorbed were 99.0+24.0 ppm, 45.0+24.1 ppm and 30.0+13.0 ppm for SKH, SSH and SCH respectively. The effectiveness of SKH in the capture of CO2 was 61.9 % as against 20.8 % and 18.8 % by SSH and SCH, respectively. The selected adsorbents were effective in capturing carbon dioxide. Incorporation of Sawdust + Potassium Hydroxide improves the effectiveness of carbon dioxide extraction in the solid waste management facility. 1 results 1
- Carbon dioxide adsorption 1 results 1
- Carbon dioxide emissions 1 results 1
- Cattle 1 results 1
- Chlorine 1 results 1
- Civic education builds students attitudes, morals and values necessary for good citizenship and effective life in the society. The academic performance of Senior Secondary School (SSS) students in Civic Education (CE) has been on the decline in recent past which has resulted in moral decadence and alarming incidence of social vices such as rape, cultism, unwanted pregnancies and addiction to social media. Previous studies have centred on the utilisation of conventional methods to foster academic achievement and positive attitude in CE with little efforts on new strategies for enhancing learning outcomes among secondary school students. This study, therefore, determined the effects of Mastery Learning (ML) and Self-Management Strategies (SMS) in enhancing learning outcomes (academic achievement and attitude) in CE among public SSS students in Ibadan. It also examined the moderating effects of gender and Academic Self-Concept (ASC). Bloom taxonomy model provided the theoretical framework while pretest-posttest control group quasi experimental design with a 3 x 2 x 3 factorial matrix was used. Multistage sampling procedure was used. A simple random sampling technique was used to select three local government areas (LGAs) from the eleven LGAs in Ibadanland. Three SSSs were randomly selected from the three LGAs within Ibadan municipality. Ninety SS II students were randomly selected from the participants from the three selected secondary schools. This consisted of 45 male and 45 female participants. The participants were randomly assigned to the two treatment and control groups and exposed to eight-week training of ML and SM strategies. Civic Education Achievement test ( = 0.75), Students‟ Attitude to CE Questionnaire ( = 0.72), Academic Self Concept scale ( = 0.67) and Learning Preference Assessment ( = 0.87) were used for data collection. Data were subjected to Analysis of covariance and Duncan Post hoc test at 0.05 level of significance. There was significant main effect of treatment on students‟ academic achievement (F(2,74) = 3.65 partial 2 = 0.43) and attitude (F(2,74) = 3.21;2 = 0.56) to CE. Mastery Learning Strategy (64.97) had highest mean score followed by those in Self-management strategy (58.53) and control (53.77). The mean score on attitude to CE of participants exposed to MLS (102.56) was significantly different from those in SMS (100.36) and control (87.73). There was no significant main effect of ASC on academic achievement and attitude to CE. There were no significant main effect of gender on academic achievement and attitude to CE. The two and three-way interaction effects of treatment and gender and treatment, academic self concept and gender on both achievement and attitude to CE were not significant. Mastery learning strategy was more potent in enhancing learning outcomes in Civic Education among senior secondary school students in Ibadan metropolis than self-management strategy. Educational psychologists and teachers should adopt the two strategies to enhance students learning outcomes in Civic Education. Keywords: Mastery learning strategy, Self-management strategy, Academic Achievement and attitude to civic education. Word count: 464 1 results 1
- Clarias gariepinus 1 results 1
- Computer Science & IT 1 results 1
- Concrete-Representational-Abstract Instruction 1 results 1
- Correct measures towards prevention are important in achieving global tuberculosis eradication. A study was conducted to determine the measures taken by butchers for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) prevention at Akinyele and Bodija Municipal Abattoirs in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria, with a view to providing vital information for BTB control. Four hundred and fifty butchers from the two abattoirs were randomly selected for this study and data were collected through the method of questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 12.0. The response rate was 97.1% (437/450). Our findings revealed that their approach towards BTB prevention included practice of good hygiene (17.6%), hand washing (15.6%) after each day’s work, wearing protective materials like gloves and boots (14.4%), use of preventive medicine (14.2%), immunization (12.6%), prayer (10.1%), use of herbs (9.8%) and limited contact with animals or carcasses (5.7%). On limiting cattle to cattle spread of bovine tuberculosis, early isolation of infected animals (29.2%), avoidance of close contact with the infected animals (23.3%), prompt reporting to the veterinarians (22.2%), avoidance of overcrowding of cattle in the kraal (14.9%) and early notification by the cattle handlers (10.3%) were the practices highlighted. Age groups (p= 0.006), sex (p=0.019) and length of working experience (p=0.033) were significant factors associated with the butchers’ correct preventive measures against the spread of bovine tuberculosis. This study provides vital information for the stakeholders in the Public Health Sector for informed steps to be taken to better position the livestock workers especially butchers in the drive towards eradication of tuberculosis including BTB in Nigeria. 1 results 1
- Corruption in Nigeria 1 results 1
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