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DETERMINATION OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR MODELLING AIR POLLUTANTS FROM VEHICULAR EMISSIONS IN LAGOS STATE
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The effect of cocoa pod husk as organic fertilizer on the growth of tea (Camellia sinensis (L) o. Kuntze) under varying light intensities in Ibadan – South West Nigeria
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- Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease for which life-long medications and care are needed. Effectiveness of care is related to good glycemic control, which is desired to forestall complications. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care (PC) services provided by pharmacists in improving clinical and humanistic outcomes in diabetes mellitus patients. Method: Five databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials and Google Scholar) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported in English using free text and medical subject headings keywords. Studies which had PC intervention arm, a control group, type1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; clinical and/or humanistic outcomes were included. For metaanalysis, standard mean difference evaluated with random effect model at P<0.05 was reported. Significant heterogeneity was further evaluated with sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 41 RCTs with 7,448 patients were eligible out of 1222 citations. PC intervention significantly lowered glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05), with significant heterogeneity. PC intervention also improved self-care but medication adherence, disease knowledge and quality of life were not improved. PC services offered (patient education, identification and resolution of drug therapy problems, and pharmacotherapy evaluation) were not uniform across the studies. Conclusion: The review and meta-analysis showed that PC intervention is of great benefit to improve most clinical outcomes which may result in better disease management. A call is however made for standardized pharmaceutical care intervention. 2 results 2
- Carbon Steel 2 results 2
- Corrosion 2 results 2
- Diabetes Mellitus 2 results 2
- Diabetes mellitus 2 results 2
- Earthworm abundance 2 results 2
- Fasting Blood Glucose 2 results 2
- Fasting blood glucose 2 results 2
- Gold Plating 2 results 2
- Metabolic syndrome 2 results 2
- Nickel Plating 2 results 2
- Nigeria 2 results 2
- Pharmaceutical Care 2 results 2
- Pharmaceutical care 2 results 2
- Quality of Life 2 results 2
- Quality of life 2 results 2
- Saline 2 results 2
- Social capital 2 results 2
- This study investigated the corrosion resistance of plated and unplated steels useful as ornamentals in saline environment. Nickel plating of carbon steel was done in watts solution for 25minutes with a current density of 3 Adm-3 at 60oC. The nickel plated carbon steel was later gold plated for 20 minutes with a current density of 0.2 Adm-3 at 50oC . The plated and unplated carbon steels were immersed in saline environment for 360 hours. Weight loss was taken every 24 hours in order to evaluate corrosion penetration rate (CPR). The results obtained showed that plated carbon steel generally offers a better corrosion resistance than the unplated one. Corrosion of ornamentals is equally gaining importance especially coated ornamentals. The use of nickel for ornamentals is gaining more prominence over silver rising due to its shiny surface and its cost. The use of nickel plated ornamentals just as gold plated ornamentals are being patronized will surely become common place due to affordability for the generality of people. However, the effects of everyday corrosive fluids from kitchen salt and low acidic media on the durability of the coatings need to be established. Carbon steel is the natural substrate used in ornamental coatings .The results also showed that a small thickness of gold plated carbon steel exhibited better corrosion resistance in saline environment. More also, gold plated carbon steel is found to be more suitable and reliable candidate material than nickel plated carbon steel in this environment although with higher costs. 2 results 2
- This study was conducted to determine the malariometric indices of children in three different settings in Ibadan,Nigeria. Children were recruited from an urban slum (Oloomi) and a periurban (Sasa) and a rural community (Igbanda) in Ibadan. Children aged between 2 and 10 years were randomly selected from primary schools in the urban and periurban areas. In the rural community, children were recruited fromthe centre of the village. A total of 670 (55.0%) out of 1218 children recruited were positive formalaria parasitaemia.The urban population had the highest proportion of children with malaria parasitaemia. Splenomegaly was present in 31.5%, hepatomegaly in 41.5%, hepatosplenomegaly in 27.5%, and anaemia in 25.2% of the children.The parasite density was not significantly different among children in the three communities. Children in the rural community had the highest mean PCV of 34.2% and the lowest rates of splenomegaly (6.1%), hepatomegaly (7.6%), and hepatosplenomegaly (4.6%).The spleen rates, liver rates, and presence of hepatosplenomegaly and anaemia were similar in the urban and periurban communities.The malariometric indices among the asymptomatic carriers were high, especially in the urban slum. This stresses the need for intensified efforts at controlling the disease in the study area. 2 results 2
- Uncontrolled dumpsites in Ibadan 2 results 2
- land use 2 results 2
- "The present study represents an attempt at contributing to literature by addressing an under researched topic of considerable health concern. The study investigated the psychological consequences of wife abuse in three high density residential areas' in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Ibadan. Four hundred and eighty women who were visited at home by the researchers participated in the study. Participants' mean age was 35.4 years with a standard deviation of 6.27. Interviews were conducted for participants, using standard and widely used measures of depression, self-esteem and wife abuse. Results indicated that all the participants reported at least some forms of spousal abuse. However, women who reported severe abuse were significantly higher on the depression measure, t(2,478)=-to.22;P<.01 than those who reported mild abuse. Results also showed that old abused women scored significantly lower on depression than young abused women, F(1,337)=P<.01. Likewise, high education abused women self reported significantly higher on depression than low education abused women, t(2,337)= 5.44. On self-esteem, old abused women were significantly higher than their young abused counterparts, t(2,337)=P<.05. Educational status also had significant effect on self-esteem, t(2,337)=7. 10, with low education women scoring significantly higher on self-esteem than high education women. The implication of this is that wife abuse negatively impact on abused women's self-esteem and depression, and that the effect is more on young, highly educated women than young less educated women. The need for concerted effort in campaigns and enlightenment programmes aimed at empowering women and making perpetrators of wife abuse realise why the act should be stopped was highlighted. " 1 results 1
- Abdominal adiposity 1 results 1
- Adherence. 1 results 1
- Adolescents 1 results 1
- Against the backdrop of increasing focus on the use of Local Level Institutions (LLIs) in addressing poverty and the growing literature on impact of social capital on welfare and poverty, this study provides empirical evidence for Nigeria. The study focuses on households’ memberships in LLIs using primary data from 587 households in 6 participating pilot states under the World Bank’s assisted Community-based Poverty Reduction Project (CPRP). Six measures of social capital were identified. These are density of membership, internal heterogeneity of associations, meeting attendance, payment of membership due, labor contribution and decision making. The study reveals that an average household size of 9 participates in at least 3 LLIs. Further, internal heterogeneity reveals some level of diversity in each group while meeting attendance index averaged about 60% for all participating members of households. An average of N4, 254.90 membership due and 43 days of labour are contributed by households to LLIs. The basic data from the study indicate that households with higher social capital are less poor using different dimensions of poverty. The study shows that while a unit increase in household size tend to aggravate poverty by 3.1%, one extra year of educational attainment reduces the extent of poverty by 1.6%. The level of heterogeneity of the associations, meeting attendance index, cash contribution score and the labour contribution score are the key social capital dimensions with dampening effect on poverty, in the order listed, a unit change in each of these dimensions of social capital leads to 0.85, 1.2, 0.82 and 0.3%, respectively. The findings of this study support recent emphasis on investing in social capital. In addition, it has been shown that investments in LLIs need to be part of poverty alleviation programmes 1 results 1
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