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Great Brak Island - measures for flood defence by Viljoen, Johannes Theodorus
Published 2017Get full text
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- "Efficiency of water treatment system grossly depends on the attenuation capacity of the filter media. Under natural condition, this capacity depends on the effects of physical, chemical and biological factors of which past works revealed few observation on physical factors under an explicit and simple experimental designs. In this work, we examined the variation of volume flux rate and porosity on the attenuation of migration of bacteria in sand media as can be applicable to water treatment system. Movement of Escherichia coli through matrix of different porosities in trends was studied in down – flow column experiment under natural and intermittent transport. Porosity values range between 0.28 and 0.42 while volume flux rate range between 0.82 x 10-4 m/s and 195.93 m/s respectively. The plot of normalized concentration versus volume flux was best fitted with polynomial curve of second degree which shows that attenuation of migration was partially varies with volume flux and not linear as revealed in past works. However attenuation of bacteria migration depends on the porosity as a function of depth ‘ɸ(x)’. " 1 results 1
- "This study assessed three commonly-available commercial catfish feed brands on growth, survival and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings under controlled conditions; providing information on the integrity and quality of some of the feeds in the market. C. gariepinus fingerlings (3.83± 0.22g) were fed to satiation twice daily at 9.00hr and 18.00hr with 2mm pellet size of three commercial diets scripted TD, TT, and TV in concrete tanks. Growth performance and nutrients utilization parameters were measured and calculated; water quality parameters were controlled using a partial flow-through system. ANOV A showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean weight gain, specific growth rate, survival rate, food conversion rate, nitrogen metabolism and protein efficiency ratio. TV had the most significant value for mean weight gain (41.54 ± 4.09g), specific growth rate (1.65 ± 0.04g/day), feed conversion rate (0.7), nitrogen metabolism (951.91), and protein efficiency ratio (2.57) with 90.00 ± 5.0% survival rate; TD had significantly highest survival rate (92.50 ± 4.51%) with mean weight gain 36.77 ± 0.48g. Proximate analysis of TD, TT and TV revealed that macronutrients therein significantly different from the brands' claim, except TD. This study revealed that, for fast fish growth on less expensive feed desired by catfish farmers, commercial catfish feed brand tagged TV, was the best, giving a better growth performance and nutrient utilization, at 48.3% CP, 6.01% Fat, and 3.03% CF. 1 results 1
- Commercial catfish feeds 1 results 1
- Concrete tank 1 results 1
- Cost-reflective tariff 1 results 1
- Electricity distribution 1 results 1
- Electricity value chain 1 results 1
- Fingerling 1 results 1
- General 1 results 1
- Geography 1 results 1
- Growth performance 1 results 1
- Macronutrients 1 results 1
- Nigeria power sector 1 results 1
- Nutrients utilization 1 results 1
- Privatization 1 results 1
- Service reflective tariff 1 results 1
- The improvement in the Nigerian electricity value chain has not been visible after seven years of partial privatization of the sector as the government continues to subsidize tariffs to avert the total collapse of the sector. The electricity distribution companies tagged the weak link in the value chain, have been challenged with inherited dilapidated infrastructure and poor revenue generation. The Nigeria Electricity Supply Industry is currently considering service reflective tariff options after her inability to implement a cost-reflective tariff in the sector since privatization in 2013. The electricity value chain is presently challenged with poor cash flow due to customer payment apathy, perceived corruption in the system, unavailability of a cost-reflective tariff which resulted in poor remittance to the value chain by the distribution companies. This paper reviews the power sector evolution and the reforms in the sector, the performance of Nigeria Electricity Regulatory Commission regulations, the concepts of the cost, and service reflective tariff. The paper recommends a cost-reflective tariff option with strict regulatory performance monitoring of all the value chain participants in the sector. 1 results 1
- There is need to consider the use of cheaper and locally available materials so as to minimize the construction cost for sustainable development. Therefore, this research evaluated the physical and mechanical properties of waste plastic bottles modified bitumen with Milled Corn Cob (MCC) as a partial replacement for filler. Waste polymer was obtained from different waste generation points. A portable gas cooker was used to melt the waste polymer. Corn cob was sun-dried, and milled by an abrasion machine. Also, 60/70 penetration grade of bitumen was used for the study. The bitumen was replaced by waste polymer of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Bitumen modified samples were further prepared by mixing it with MCC of 10%, 30%, and 50%. Penetration, softening point, ductility, viscosity, flash point, fire point, loss on heating, specific gravity, stability, and flow were carried out on unmodified, modified bitumen and asphalt samples. All tests were conducted in accordance with the method of testing established by Indian Standard (IS) specification. Penetration, ductility, viscosity, flash point, fire point values decreases with increase in waste polymer content while softening point and loss on heating increases with increase in waste polymer content. Stability and flow value decreases with an increase in waste polymer and MCC content. The Optimum bitumen content, stability, and flow values for all the samples conform to the acceptable limits specified by Federal Ministry of Works (FMW) (1997) and IS specification. The results indicated an improvement in shear resistance, increment in resistance to deformation and optimum modifier content was found to be 10% for waste polymer and MCC. 1 results 1
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