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COVID-19 in Nigeria: Is the pharmaceutical sector spared?
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Trademark right in domain name system: a jurisprudential analysis
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The future of Nigerian university system
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- Background: In Nigeria, as in other developing countries, access to training in research ethics is limited, due to weak social, economic, and health infrastructure. The project described in this article was designed to develop the capacity of academic staff of the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria to conduct ethically acceptable research involving human participants. Methods: Three in-depth interviews and one focus group discussion were conducted to assess the training needs of participants. A research ethics training workshop was then conducted with College of Medicine faculty. A 23-item questionnaire that assessed knowledge of research ethics, application of principles of ethics, operations of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and ethics reasoning was developed to be a pre-post test evaluation of the training workshop. Ninety-seven workshop participants completed the questionnaire before and after the workshop; 59 of them completed a second post-test questionnaire one month after the workshop. Results: The trainees came from a multi-disciplinary background including medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social science and laboratory science. The mean scores for knowledge of the principles of research ethics rose from 0.67 out of 3 points at pre-test to 2.25 at post-test (p < 0.05). Also, 42% correctly mentioned one international guideline or regulation at pretest, with most of those knowing of the Declaration of Helsinki. Trainees' knowledge of the operations of an IRB increased from 6.05 at pre-test to 6.29 at post test out of 7 points. Overall, participants retained much of the knowledge acquired from the workshop one month after its completion. Conclusion: The training improved participants' knowledge of principles of research ethics, international guidelines and regulations and operations of IRBs. It thus provided an opportunity for research ethics capacity development among academic staff in a developing country institution. 2 results 2
- Bupivacaine || Local anaesthetic || Skin graft || Pre-emptive analgesia. 2 results 2
- Equity 2 results 2
- Funding 2 results 2
- Histopathological 2 results 2
- Involvement 2 results 2
- Leadership 2 results 2
- Metastases 2 results 2
- Negative campaigns 2 results 2
- Ovarian neoplasms 2 results 2
- Oxidative Stress 2 results 2
- Peace building 2 results 2
- Political communication 2 results 2
- Political violence 2 results 2
- Presidential elections 2 results 2
- Using the discursive analytical approach, this paper examines the role of communication in peace building, and describes the pre-election and post-election strategies and interactions that enabled a peaceful environment despite the overwhelming negative campaigns and volatility of the process involving the 2015 Nigerian Presidential election campaigns. Hence, this paper illustrates the communicative behaviour of the contenders and their public display in the media which serve as a model for political peace communication; and points to the power of strategic communication for peace building, which has implications for a violence-free environment, social order and political development in Africa. 2 results 2
- " Early Childhood Care and Education should comprise of childcare, mother care, pre and post-natal care, health and nutrition, family/community sensitization and support and the child's socialization at the pre-primary school. Thus, limiting its scope to mere pre-schooling could result to disregarding the factors that make school readiness possible. Four hundred and fifty mothers of children from birth to 6 years and 450 children selected from 36 public and private pre-primary school and 18 Day Care Centres were used. Parental Awareness of Early Childhood Care and Development Provision Questionnaire (PAECCDPQ) for mothers of children from birth to 3 years and those from 4 to 6 years and structured interview schedules were used. Majority of the mothers from both cohorts indicated some levels of awareness of indicators of some aspect of objectives of Education For All (EFA) Goal 1, except for provision of food for children by the government in schools. There is significant difference in the level of awareness as indicated by the mothers from both cohorts. All the mothers agreed that some aspects of EFA Goal 1 have been implemented to some great extent. Implications of the findings were also discussed. " 1 results 1
- "Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI), Gender, Interest, Achievement in Basic Science " 1 results 1
- "Interest is growing daily on the utilization of bamboo as a reliable supplement to wood in furniture production to mitigate the scarcity of wood raw material supply. This study explored the viability of recycling bamboo recovered from scaffold into intermediate raw material for indoor furniture production. Strips were processed from the recovered Bambusa vulgaris Schrad and were subjected to conventional treatment methods with some modification to simplify the treatment. The durability of the treated strip was evaluated in accordance with ASTM D2017. A storage shelf was designed and fabricated using laminates made from the bamboo strips. The diameter and wall thickness of the recovered bamboo culms ranges from 6.00cm -10.00cm and 10.00mm- 12.70mm respectively. The result shows that ordinary soaking of the strips in water for 3 weeks could make the strips to be sufficiently resistant to termite attack but fairly resistant to powder post beetle. Application of kerosene as a secondary treatment will make the resistance of the bamboo strip effective to powder post beetle. A Complete-Knock-Down (CDK) Magazine shelf suitable for office use was fabricated using road side carpentry workshop tools. This study was able to recycle Bambusa vulgaris recovered from scaffolding material into suitable raw material input for the manufacturing of indoor furniture." 1 results 1
- "The study investigated the Mathematics achievement of senior secondary school students in Mathematics in Saki using Project Based Learning Method (PBLM) in enhancing the Mathematics achievement in senior Mathematics among senior secondary school students in Saki. To ascertain the degree of treatment efficacy, a randomised sample of 45 senior secondary school students with 30 and 15 participants each from two different senior secondary schools in Saki West Local Government areas in Saki were selected for the purpose. The randomised control trial design was employed, and a randomized randomised sample that undertook training in PBLM and a control group were used. The instrument used for data collection is Mathematics achievement tests sampled from the National Examination Council (NECO) for 2017 & 2018 objective Mathematics papers. Since the instrument was standardised test prepared by Public Examination body there is no need for revalidation. A pair of pre-test and post-test data was obtained from each participant who formed the basis of the findings using ANCOVA for data analyses. This study present the empirical application of four statistical methods (pre and post-treatment scores with analysis of covariance, post-test scores, difference in pre and post-treatment scores and percent difference in pre and post-treatment scores), using data from a randomised controlled trial of post-test among the senior secondary school students on Mathematics achievement using Project Based Learning Method (PBLM), with and without PBLM treatment, a Randomized Controlled Study trials. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the effectiveness of treatment, to adjust for baseline measures and to provide an unbiased estimate of the mean group difference of the post-treatment scores in Mathematics achievement among the participants used. Robustness tests were done by comparing ANCOVA with three comparative methods: the post-treatment scores, change in scores, and percentage change from baseline. All the four methods showed similar direction of effect; however, ANCOVA (93.503; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.332, 97.668; p = 0.019) and the post-treatment score (94.100; 95% CI: 89.733, 98.467; p = 0.001) method provided the highest precision of estimate compared with the change score (38.300; 95% CI: 34.215, 42.385; p = 0.001) and percent change (68.462; 95% CI: 60.358, 76.565; p = 0.001). The empirical studies provide the best statistical estimation for analyzing the best statistical estimation for analyzing continuous outcomes requiring covariate adjustment. Our empirical findings support the use of ANCOVA as an optimal method in both design and analysis of trials with a continuous primary outcome. 1 results 1
- A normal hospital practice is the discharge of patients from admission after due care. What is not normal is the post-discharge detention of a patient in the hospital by hospital authorities because of inability to pay hospital bills. This practice is common in Nigeria, but the hierarchies of the health and justice sectors tend to "look the other way". Healthcare providers are often faced with a dilemma between two issues: observing the oath to "do no harm" even after the period of care, as may be suggested by the unlawful post-discharge detention of a client; and ensuring that there is continuous finances to sustain health services for the common good. Issues raised here include, the physician/patient relationship; patient's rights versus that of the healthcare providers; accessibility and availability of healthcare. The key players in this scenario are the physician/hospital management; the nurses and the patients. This paper examined the judicial and human rights implications involved and provide suggestions for striking a balance between the rights of the patient and the duty/right of the healthcare providers. In doing this, the healthcare policy in Nigeria, vis-a-vis its accessibility, affordability and availability are examined 1 results 1
- Abiotic Factors 1 results 1
- Abstract The Nigerian University System (NUS) currently comprises a total of 264 Universities, 53 of which are owned by the Federal Government, 62 owned by the various State Governments while the remaining 149 are Privately owned. The total student population is in the region of Two Million and Five Hundred Thousand. In this lecture, we have examined the issue of access, quality, funding and governance as they affect the NUS. Interrogating data published by the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) over the period 2017 to 2023 we present quantitative, verifiable and objective assessment of addressing the question of equity in the adoption of Educationally-Less- Developed-States (ELDS) as a criterion for the selection of candidates for admission into undergraduate programmes in Nigerian Federal Universities. A trend analysis of contemporary events shows that the Nigerian University System will continue to grow, rather haphazardly and in an unplanned manner, in leaps and bounds especially in terms of student enrollment. Without a concomitant strengthening of leadership and governance, a substantial increase in funding for teaching and learning facilities, conduct of advanced research that is locally relevant and globally competitive (including but not limited to issues of food security, lagging economic development, climate change, reduction of carbon emission, natural resources degradation, insecurity), payment of decent wages to the knowledge workers amidst the continued exodus of the best and the brightest from the country, quality and relevance of the Universities in ensuring sustainable socio-economic development might suffer. A major feature of the Public Universities (Federal- and State-owned) which currently accounts for about 95% of the total student enrollment is incessant strikes by members of the various staff unions which has led to a cumulative loss of six years and three months in the last 32 years. Funding has been implicated as the root cause of these strikes. In order to be competitive there should be synergy between the Governments as university proprietors for a moratorium on these disruptive strikes. Conscious efforts should be made to internationalise in terms of student enrollment and the recruitment of academic staff. Some of the States on the current list of ELDS, in particular Kwara and Kogi, have posted excellent results and are now in the First Quartile justifying that they ought to be taken off the list. The same applies to Nasarawa which is in the Second Quartile. On the other hand, Lagos and the Federal Capital Territory are in the Fourth Quartile and if the ELDS is to be retained both should be included in the list. The National Council on Education should take a closer look at this recommendation with a view to implementing same. To the extent that the absence of a Governing Council hampers the proper functioning of a University and is an anathema to University Autonomy, it is our considered recommendation that the National Assembly should as a matter of urgent national importance amend the Universities (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Amendment) Act, 2003 in Section 2A as to provide that if the Council of a Federal University is dissolved, a new Council shall be constituted not later than three months 1 results 1
- Academic outcome 1 results 1
- Achievement 1 results 1
- Adolescent 1 results 1
- African 1 results 1
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