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BIOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATED SOIL FROM A STEEL ROLLING COMPANY IN IBADAN
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Management 3 results 3
- Nigeria 3 results 3
- Anaemia 2 results 2
- CBPP 2 results 2
- Diagnosis 2 results 2
- Ficus mucoso 2 results 2
- Haematopan B12® 2 results 2
- Pasture bloat 2 results 2
- Post-parturient 2 results 2
- Rabbits 2 results 2
- Senna occidentalis 2 results 2
- Sheep 2 results 2
- "A two and half year old post parturient West African Dwarf ewe, weighing 22 kgs and with black anterior and white posterior body coat was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, with complaints of abdominal distension, sudden laboured breathing and anorexia. The animal was said to have lambed 7 days earlier and was fed with cassava peels and grasses. On clinical examination, the eye ball appeared bulged and starry; the stomach was hard on palpation with frothy buccal exudate and persistent grinding of teeth. The heart rate was 68/minute, respiratory rate was 15/minute and rectal temperature was 39.8oC. Bloat was clinically diagnosed. With the patient properly restrained, an improvised stomach tube was rinsed in vegetable oil and slowly inserted through the oesophagus into the rumen and the gas eructated. Liquid paraffin (15 mls) was subsequently introduced into the rumen via the tube. On removing the stomach tube, a long strand of fresh undigested pasture came out with the tube from the gastrointestinal tract. The hard stomach was thereafter relieved within 5 minutes of the procedure. Long acting Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (2 mls) and 1ml Diclofenac were administered (intramuscularly) simultaneously at different injection sites. Plenty of water was advised to be given orally after 30minutes. Complication resolved and complete recovery of the ewe was achieved after 5 consecutive days of treatment. 1 results 1
- "Rabies, a fatal neurotropic disease of man and animals is usually a neglected disease in many parts of the world probably because of the erroneous belief that it affects animals predominantly. This study was designed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of people in selected communities of Oyo State, Nigeria with the aim of assessing the possible risk of getting infected with the virus. A total of 323 participants were randomly selected from 10 local government areas of Oyo State, Nigeria and interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi square method. Information obtained included the demographic characteristics of the participants, their interaction with dogs, knowledge about rabies and its fatality, its mode of transmission and prevention as well as the perception of and attitude of people towards rabies. Of the 323 participants, 180(55.8%) were male while 143(44.3%) were female, 115(47.7%) were Christians, 123(51%) were muslims and 3(1.2%) were traditional religion adherents. Furthermore, 263(81.4%) had different levels of education 60(18.6 %) were illiterate, 119(36.8%) used to own dog while only 54(16.4%) presently kept dogs for reasons which included hunting 16(30.1%), security 28(52.8%), breeding {3(5.66%)} and as companionship 6(11.3%). Greater number (80%) lived in the rural areas while 62(19.6%) were urban dwellers. Out of the 323 participants, 256 (79.5%) knew about rabies, of these, 46(18%) heard about the disease from awareness campaigns, 11(4.3%) heard from human and veterinary hospitals 58(22.7%) heard from interpersonal interactions while 123(48.1%) knew by personal experiences. From the people that claimed knowledge, 231(90.2%) knew that rabies was a fatal disease, 96(37.5%) knew about rabies in other animal species aside dogs, 110(43%) knew about rabies transmission by dog or cat bite, 24(9.4%) knew that rabies can be transmitted by wild animals. Also, 130(50.8%) claimed knowledge of rabies prevention in animals but 88(34.4%) only knew about antirabies vaccination.in animals. Similarly, 128(50%) claimed knowledge of rabies prevention in man and of these, 38(14.8%) recommended prophylactic and post exposure antirabies vaccination, 42(16%) hospital visits, 20(7.8%) dog elimination and staying away from dogs, while 12(4.7%) recommended religious means, and use of herbs. When asked about first aid treatment, 99(38.7%) suggested wound washing with soap and antiseptic, 171(66.8%) recommended hospital visit while 40(15.6%) suggested a visit to the herbalist for the antidote. Pearson’s chi square showed significant difference (P<0.05) in the knowledge of the respondents and marital status. Poor knowledge of some aspects of rabies and negative attitude of dog owners towards rabies may portend grave public health consequences. 1 results 1
- "The anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone on the irradiated kidneys of adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) was studied. Eighteen adult Wistar rats were, after acclimatization, randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 animals per group. The control group had normal saline, receiving neither drugs nor radiation. The second group received normal saline and radiation. The third group received pretreatment with dexamethasone at 1mg/kg body weight/day for 2 days followed by radiation. Radiation was delivered to the animals as a single fraction of 2.5 Gy of gamma rays from Cobalt-60 source, using an AECL Theatron 780-C Teletherapy machine. After exposure to the different interventions, the animals were sacrificed on the 14th post-irradiation day and the kidneys dissected out from each animal. The renal tissues were subjected to histological processing, and then studied using an eyepiece objective ruler calibrated with a 2mm stage micrometer for histomorphometric studies. The result of the study showed that all irradiated animals suffered weight loss by the 14th day post-irradiation (p<0.05) irrespective of the additional treatment with dexamethasone and this was statistically significant. Histomorphometry showed that the maximum width of the glomerular capsule was significantly greater in the radiation groups than in the control at p<0.05. The maximal glomerular diameter was significantly greater in irradiated animals compared with the control animals at p<0.05. The outcome of this study showed that the intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone at 1mg/kg body weight/day for 2 days prior to treatment with irradiation did not prevent weight loss nor ameliorate the swelling of the nephrons resulting from the effect of radiation injury to the Wistar rat." 1 results 1
- A study was conducted on 4,488 goals in Ibadan, southwest sub-tropic humid zone, over a 4-month period to determine the prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage and to evaluate breed, sex and age as risk factors. Ante-mortem and post-mortem examinations were carried out on each of the animals to determine the breed, health status, sex, age and presence of indigestible garbage in the rumen. Prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage was 9.61%. It was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Red Sokoto breed than other breeds. Sex and age were found to have significant influence on the prevalence of rumen impaction. It was significantly higher (p<0.05) in females and older goats than males and younger ones, respectively. 1 results 1
- A three years old light brown West African dwarf doe, weighing about 32 kg was presented with history of dystocia of about 36 hours was presented to the University of Ibadan Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ibadan. The animal was restless. Close observation showed a swollen vulva with protruding foetal head. There was abnormal slimy blood tinted discharges with foul odour in her vulva. Rectal temperature was 40 degree Celcius with relatively high respiratory rate. Dystocia was diagnosed. Using systematic and calculated tration and retropulsion, Schistosomus reflexus (co-joined twins) were subsequently delivered after about 20 minutes of intervention. Post-manipulation care was given by intramuscular injection of procaine penicillin and streptomycin combination at a dose of 1ml per 10kg body weight for 4 days consecutively; multivitamins injection was also given at 1ml per 10kg body weight for four days. Complete recovery of the doe was achieved. 1 results 1
- A total of 20 domestic rabbits divided into 4 groups of 5 animals per group were used in this study to assess the haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis and this was then compared with that of a proprietary haematinic, Haematopan B12®. Group A animals (control) were not bled but those in groups B, C and D were bled to induce anaemia. Group B animals were treated with Haematopan B12®, a commercially prepared haematinic, and groups C and D were treated with the aqueous crude extracts of Senna occidentalis (Linn) Link and Ficus mucoso Welw. ex Ficalho respectively. The post-haemorrhage treatment haematologic values were obtained at given intervals (7 days) and compared with the pre-haemorrhagic values earlier obtained. The study showed that all the experimental animals showed accelerated recovery since these animals had excellent response in terms of white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials, red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Thus the extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis have comparative haematinic potencies as Haematopan B12® 1 results 1
- A total of 20 domestic rabbits divided into 4 groups of 5 animals per group were used in this study to assess the haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis and this was then compared with that of a proprietary haematinic, Haematopan B12®. Group A animals (control) were not bled but those in groups B, C and D were bled to induce anaemia. Group B animals were treated with Haematopan B12®, a commercially prepared haematinic, and groups C and D were treated with the aqueous crude extracts of Senna occidentalis (Linn) Link and Ficus mucoso Welw. ex Ficalho respectively. The post-haemorrhage treatment haematologic values were obtained at given intervals (7 days) and compared with the pre-haemorrhagic values earlier obtained. The study showed that all the experimental animals showed accelerated recovery since these animals had excellent response in terms of white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials, red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Thus the extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis have comparative haematinic potencies as Haematopan B12®. 1 results 1
- Abattoir 1 results 1
- Acetylcholin¬esterase (AchE) 1 results 1
- Adriamycin 1 results 1
- Adriamycin, a widely used anti-cancer drug, induces nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in experimental animals through generation of free radicals. Phenolic phytochemicals in guava leaves possess antioxidant properties. Hence, they could play a protective role in adriamycininduced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity. The protective effects of Ethanolic Extract of Psidium guajava (EEPG) on adriamycin-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity were investigated in rats. Dried powdered guava leaves (2kg) were extracted with ethanol and concentrated in rotary evaporator to obtain the EEPG. Two hundred male Wistar rats (weighing180g-220g) were divided into control, adriamycin-treated (single dose-20mg/kg and cumulative dose-15mg/kg, i.p), and adriamycin and EEPG-treated (125, 250 and 500mg/kg p.o) animals in pre-, and cotreatments. Genotoxicity test involved bone marrow cytology to identify Micronucleated Polychromatophilic Erythrocytes (MPEs) 24 hrs after treatments. Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood was obtained to determine blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Post-mitochondrial fraction of kidney homogenate was used to evaluate Lipid Peroxidation (LPO), Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), antioxidant enzymes [Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione Reductase (GR)] activities, and glutathione level spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity of EEPG was assessed in vitro using 2-2-Azobis-2´ Amidinopropane-Hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced LPO model and Radical Scavenging Activities (RSA) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl, nitric oxide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were determined spectrophotometrically. Histological changes in the kidney were assessed using a light microscope. The EEPG was fractionated by column chromatography over silica gel and sephadex LH-20 and its purified compound analysed for chemical structure by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Student’s t-test at p=0.05. About 500g of EEPG was obtained from 2kg of leaves. Renal dysfunction caused by 20mg/kg adriamycin (urea,-7.6μmol/L, creatinine,-11.8μmol/L) was prevented by pre-treatment with EEPG at 250mg/kg (4.9μmol/L, 7.9μmol/L) while antioxidant status was improved significantly by reducing LPO (0.5nmol) and increasing activities of SOD (3.6units), GPx (0.3nmol), catalase (0.1μmol), glutathione-S-transferase (0.3nmol), GR (0.6nmol) and glutathione level (16.0μg/g) when compared with adriamycin-treated rats (0.9nmol, 1.7units, 0.1nmol, 0.04μmol, 0.2nmol, 0.4nmol and 13.9μg/g), respectively. Increase in creatinine by 15mg/kg adriamycin (1.0mg/dL) was reduced by co-treatment with 250 and 500mg/kg EEPG (0.4mg/L, 0.3mg/dL). This reduction was accompanied by increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity (0.11nmol, 0.09nmol) when compared with adriamycin (0.08nmol) and inhibition of CYP3A4 activity (7.9±0.3, 8.2±0.2) when compared with adriamycin (9.0±0.1). Toxicity was profound when adriamycin was administered as cumulative dose. The EEPG (125, 250 and 500mg/kg) decreased the frequency of MPE (11.8, 8.8 and 3.4/1000 MPEs respectively) when compared with 20mg/kg adriamycin (19.3/1000 MPEs). The EEPG showed significant antioxidant activities in vitro through reduction of AAPH-induced LPO-65.3%, RSA in H2O2- 98.7%, nitric oxide-30.1%, DPPH.-70.4% and hydroxyl radicals-72.8% when compared with catechin (39.5%, 62.8%, 32.2%, 44.9% and 55.5%) respectively. Adriamycin induced renal tubular necrosis, while normal renal histology was maintained with EEPG at all doses. The purified compound from EEPG was found to be a triterpene. Ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava protected rats against adriamycin-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity. Free radical scavenging property and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava may be responsible for this protective effect. 1 results 1
- African catfish 1 results 1
- African trypanosomosis, a disease complex of livestock caused by pathogenic trypanosomes (Trypanosomavivax, T. congolense, T. brucei), is characterised by intermittent fever, anaemia, progressive emaciation, rapid loss of condition and often terminates in death. The disease is associated with severe economic loss, thus posing a threat to food security in sub-Saharan Africa. The occurrence of Trypanosoma species in goats was investigated in Makurdi, Nigeria and experimental infections of West African Dwarf (WAD) and Red Sokoto Goats (RSG) were carried out to determine their susceptibility to trypanosomes. A retrospective review of records of 241 caprine cases from veterinary clinics located in Makurdi was done to determine the occurrence of trypanosomosis in goats between April 2005 and March 2009. Using purposive sampling, blood samples were collected from 254 household and market goats between December 2009 and January 2011 to determine the field occurrence of Trypanosoma species by standard parasitological techniques. Thirty-two goats comprising 16 WAD and 16 RSG were purchased from farms, sub-divided into groups of four animals each and stabilized. One group of WAD and RSG each were infected with 5.2x105/ml ofT. brucei(WADtb, RSGtb), T. congolense(WADtc, RSGtc), T.bruceiand T. congolense(WADtbc, RSGtbc), the fourth were uninfected controls (WADc, RSGc). Standard morphological methods and conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers were used to confirm the isolates. Post-inoculation parasitaemia, haematological values and serum biochemistry were determined weekly for seven weeks by standard methods. Scrotal circumference, body weight and mortality were also recorded weekly and post-mortem examination conducted. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA (p<0.05). Clinical records yielded a 1.7% prevalence of trypanosomosis. The occurrence of T. congolense and T. brucei from the field blood samples were 1.3% and 0.0% respectively. The PCR confirmed trypanosomes used for experimental infection as T. brucei (540bp) and T. congolense(750bp). The WADtb and RSGtb had significantly higher temperatures (41.37�0.50�C and 41.28�0.48�C respectively) than WADc (38.05�0.03�C) and RSGc (38.07�0.03�C). Log10parasitaemia at two weeks post-infection was in the order WADtb>WADtc>RSGtb>RSGtc>RSGtbc and highest at five weeks post-infectionin WADtbc. The RSGtbc had higher level of alanine aminotransferase (22.79�2.25U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (165.60�28.25U/L) than RSGc with 20.61�0.93U/L and 117.35�8.67U/L respectively. Total protein was higher in WADtb (87.55�2.09g/L) and RSGtb (85.20�2.70g/L) than WADc (73.52�1.85g/L) andRSGc(74.13�2.01g/L) respectively while albumin-globulin ratio was lowest in RSGtb (0.47�0.04) compared to other groups. The lowest haemoglobin (15.82�0.03g/L) and mean corpuscular volume (16.96�1.50fL) was recorded in the RSGtb. Packed cell volume was lowest in RSGtc. The mean scrotal circumferences (cm) decreased and were WADtb 15.82�0.87, WADtbc 16.44�0.33, WADtc 17.33�0.34, RSGtb 17.80�0.23, RSGtc 18.02�0.59 and RSGtbc 19.24�0.49. Mortality in RSGtb, RSGtc and RSGtbc were 25.0%, 25.0% and 50.0% respectively, while no mortality was recorded in the infected WAD and control groups. Histopathology of RSGtb, RSGtc and RSGtbc showed haemosiderosis and Kupffer cell hyperplasia. Red Sokoto goats were more susceptible to Trypanosoma infection than West African Dwarf. The West African Dwarf should therefore be considered as a better breed of goat to boost animal production. 1 results 1
- An African swine fever (ASF), characterized by a mortality reaching 50 to 100 p. 100 in different herds were diagnosed with high domestic pigs loose in Delta State in Nigeria in August 1998. The etiologic confirmation of the PPP was obtained by virus isolation, PCR and sequencing of 280 base pairs a segment of the gene encoding the major protein (VP72) capsid. The experimental infection of animals with infected blood caused fevers, with the highest peaks two to four days after infection, death followed five to six days after infection. Post-mortem examinations revealed very extensive bleeding and the appearance of congested and edematous tissue. The lymph nodes, spleen, liver and kidneys exhibited pronounced random focal necrosis and loss of cells in the follicles of the spleen and lymphoid tissue. Pigs have also revealed acute orchitis with massive neutrophilic infiltrates and macrophages in intertubular connective tissues. of meningitis and focal hemorrhages were observed in the brain and spinal cord. It seems that the home came from the spread east of the PPA, from Benin, neighboring state where the PPP had declared the previous year (1997) 1 results 1
- An abattoir provides facilities where animals are slaughtered. The current state of most abattoirs in developing countries particularly Nigeria are a matter of concern considering the enormous lapses in their operations, the sanitary conditions and management. The northern part of Nigeria is the worst hit since the majority of food animals are domiciled in the region. This study was aimed at determining the state of facilities, sanitary conditions and practices of abattoir workers and the veterinary doctors in a major abattoir in North-eastern Nigeria. This observational study was carried out over a period of three months in the main abattoir in Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria. During the period, we documented the states of the facilities in the abattoir, the sanitary conditions as well as the practices of abattoir workers and the veterinary doctors present. Our findings revealed that the lairage was in a poor state and the drainages were clogged with debris and maggots. There were no meat stands and cold room and the entire surrounding environment was full of stench emanating from poorly disposed abattoir wastes. Besides, both ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections were hardly carried out and animals were being slaughtered in the open with carcasses processed on bare floor. Dragging of viscera’s on the floor and washing of the stomachs in the drainages in addition to slaughtering of calves and pregnant animals were common practices observed at the abattoir. We documented the poor states of facilities, sanitary conditions and practices in the main abattoir in northeastern Nigeria. Our findings suggest a compromise in the quality of meat being produced from the abattoir with overall devastating effects on the health of meat consumers. While quality meat production is key to achieving a healthy society, there is a need for a synergy among all the stakeholders particularly the government and private organizations towards improving the state of abattoirs in Nigeria with respect to the facilities, sanitary conditions and practices. 1 results 1
- Animation and video-based flipped classroom strategies 1 results 1
- Antibiotic sensitivity 1 results 1
- Antioxidants 1 results 1
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