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The participation of Pentecostal churches in politics : a pastoral perspective
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An examination of the rationale behind employee turnover in the South African National Defence Force by Joseph, Rhondine Candice
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Internet of Things Adoption by Library Personnel in Southwestern Universities: A Perception Study of Performance and Effort Expectancies
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Stress management through therapeutic recreation in the Botswana Defence Force
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Spondias mombin 3 results 3
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- "Colour Doppler sonography is used for visualization of blood flow,non-invasive evaluation of vascular resistance and measurements of velocities in renal and intrarenal arteries. Its usefulness in the evaluation of the kidneys ranges from the diagnosis of renal arterystenosis and renovascular disease to the assessment of intrarenal hemodynamics in several different pathological conditions such as essential hypertension, acute and chronicrenal failure, pre and post transplant assessment and graft:rejection. Objective:To determine the normal value of Renal Resistive Index in a healthy group of individuals in order to compare findings with those in existing literature and to serve as a normogram among Nigerians. Materials and Methods: Colour duplex Doppler sonography of interlobar arteries was performed in 68 patients with normal blood pressure, normal blood sugar and no known renal disease or any significant medical condition with normal B-mode sonography of their kidneys. The mean renal resistive index of the interlobar arteries was compared on the right and left, males and females and correlated with age, height, body mass index and renal volume. Results:The mean renal resistive index was 0.56 (±0.04) in the right and left kidney. No difference in mean was seen between the males and females. No significant correlation was seen with age ,height ,body mass index and renal volume. Conclusion: This study has provided normative value of renal resistive index' in a Nigerian population and established this data for use in future studies. " 1 results 1
- "Context: In Africa, Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae) seed is commonly recommended in folklore medicine for the treatment of diabetes and its associated complications. Objective: The present study evaluated this traditional claim by mechanistic investigation into the effect of G. kola seed administration on renal, hepatic, and testicular oxidative damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced in adult male Wistar rats by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). The diabetic rats were thereafter treated orally once per day with G. kola seed (250 mg/kg) and monitored for 14 d. Clinical observations, plasma biochemistry, hormonal profile, oxidative stress indices, sperm characteristics, and histopathological examination of the kidney, liver, and testes were evaluated to monitor treatment-related effects of G. kola seed in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Results and discussion: Garcinia kola seed administration significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia mediated damage by decreasing the blood glucose level (72.8% and 84.6% on the 7th and 14th post-treatment days, respectively), enhancement of the antioxidant system, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and improving the architecture of the kidney, liver, and testes in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In addition, G. kola seed intervention restored the kidney and liver function biomarkers, the sperm characteristics as well as the plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) to normal in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: The findings from this investigation provide persuasive scientific support for the traditional use of G. kola seed in the treatment of diabetes and its associated complications. 1 results 1
- "Purpose: This randomized controlled trial compared the outcomes of physiotherapy intervention on selected indices of recovery for stroke survivors treated at a primary health centre group (PHCG) with those treated in their respective places of domicile group (DG). Methods: Participants were 52 individuals comprising 24 males and 28 females who had suffered a stroke and were recently discharged from two inpatient health facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. They were randomly assigned into either the PHCG (n=25) or DG (n = 27) and treated twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks using a physiotherapy intervention protocol comprising a battery of task- specific exercises. The outcomes measured were motor function, balance and handicap assessed using the modified motor assessment scale (MMAS), short-form postural assessment scale for stroke (SF-PASS) and reintegration to normal living index (RNLI), respectively, as well as walking speed which was assessed using a standard technique. Results: Between-group comparison using the General Linear Model revealed no statistically significant difference in both the pre- and post-intervention scores of the two groups on the MMAS, SF-PASS, RNLI and walking speed in both PHCG and DG (p>0.05). However, within-group comparison yielded a statistically significant difference in each of the indices of stroke recovery measured across the 10-week period in both groups. Conclusion: Physiotherapy intervention at the primary health care centre and respective homes of stroke survivors similarly improved clinical outcomes. Treatment at any of these locations may enhance access to physiotherapy after stroke in a low- income community like Nigeria. " 1 results 1
- "The anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone on the irradiated kidneys of adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) was studied. Eighteen adult Wistar rats were, after acclimatization, randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 animals per group. The control group had normal saline, receiving neither drugs nor radiation. The second group received normal saline and radiation. The third group received pretreatment with dexamethasone at 1mg/kg body weight/day for 2 days followed by radiation. Radiation was delivered to the animals as a single fraction of 2.5 Gy of gamma rays from Cobalt-60 source, using an AECL Theatron 780-C Teletherapy machine. After exposure to the different interventions, the animals were sacrificed on the 14th post-irradiation day and the kidneys dissected out from each animal. The renal tissues were subjected to histological processing, and then studied using an eyepiece objective ruler calibrated with a 2mm stage micrometer for histomorphometric studies. The result of the study showed that all irradiated animals suffered weight loss by the 14th day post-irradiation (p<0.05) irrespective of the additional treatment with dexamethasone and this was statistically significant. Histomorphometry showed that the maximum width of the glomerular capsule was significantly greater in the radiation groups than in the control at p<0.05. The maximal glomerular diameter was significantly greater in irradiated animals compared with the control animals at p<0.05. The outcome of this study showed that the intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone at 1mg/kg body weight/day for 2 days prior to treatment with irradiation did not prevent weight loss nor ameliorate the swelling of the nephrons resulting from the effect of radiation injury to the Wistar rat." 1 results 1
- 1. Introduction Primary thalamic tumours are rare [1]. They account for 1–1.5% of all brain tumours and approximately a quarter of them occur in children younger than 15 years [2,3]. Bilateral thalamic gliomas (BTGs) are extremely rare sub-types of thalamic tumours, which are known to have a poor outcome regardless of the treatment modality [4]. About 70 cases have been reported so far in the literature [5]. We present the outcome of treatment of BTG in a three-year-old Nigerian child and a brief review of the literature on these uncommon types of central nervous system tumours. 2. Case Presentation A three-year-old right-handed boy presented with headache, abnormal gait, and inability to sit unsupported of one week duration. There was an associated history of drowsiness, excessive sleeping, and multiple episodes of projectile vomiting. Examination revealed a young boy who was fully conscious but drowsy. His pupils were of normal size but reacted sluggishly to light. He had bilateral abducens nerve palsies, bilateral papilloedema, global hypertonia/hyperreflexia, and bilateral extensor plantar responses. He also had truncal ataxia and dysmetria but no sensorimotor deficit. Examination of other systems revealed normal findings. A clinical diagnosis of acute onset raised intracranial pressure from an infratentorial space-occupying lesion was made. Cranial computed tomography scan showed bilateral symmetrical enlarged thalamic nuclei which were hypodense to isodense and non-contrast enhancing (Fig. 1a and b). There was associated obstructive hydrocephalus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral symmetrical non-enhancing masses involving both thalami (with estimated volumes of 40.17 cm³ on the right and 44.84 cm³ on the left). These were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted and FLAIR images. There was associated dilatation of the lateral ventricles and effacement of the quadrigeminal/ambient cisterns bilaterally (Fig. 2a–d). A radiological diagnosis of a bilateral thalamic tumour was made. The patient's management was multidisciplinary, involving the neurological surgery, radiology, pathology, paediatric oncology, and radiation oncology teams. A biopsy specimen obtained via an endoscopic transventricular route showed features of a WHO grade II diffuse astrocytoma (Fig. 3a–c). He subsequently received sixteen courses of Vincristine/Carboplatin chemotherapy, which was later changed to Etoposide/Cisplatin on account of clinico-radiological evidence of tumour progression. He had cerebrospinal fluid diversion (via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt) five months after the initial procedure due to worsening hydrocephalus (Fig. 4a–c). The second-line chemotherapeutic agents were discontinued after the third cycle on request by the patient's mother because of their side effects (bone marrow suppression, widespread dermatitis, recurrent chest infection). Radiotherapy was considered unsafe in this patient given his age and the potential for radiation-induced neurocognitive decline (on the advice of the radiation oncology team). Repeat neuroimaging at six months following the initial surgery showed further tumour progression with involvement of the caudate nuclei and brainstem, and extension into the lateral ventricles (Fig. 5a–c). Attempts at switching his chemotherapeutic agents were futile due to non-availability of the drugs. At nine months post tumour biopsy, he had recurrent headache and vomiting, expressive aphasia, worsening gait imbalance, ataxia, paraparesis, bilateral ptosis, upgaze paresis, and choreoform movements. He subsequently defaulted follow-up. 1 results 1
- A normal hospital practice is the discharge of patients from admission after due care. What is not normal is the post-discharge detention of a patient in the hospital by hospital authorities because of inability to pay hospital bills. This practice is common in Nigeria, but the hierarchies of the health and justice sectors tend to "look the other way". Healthcare providers are often faced with a dilemma between two issues: observing the oath to "do no harm" even after the period of care, as may be suggested by the unlawful post-discharge detention of a client; and ensuring that there is continuous finances to sustain health services for the common good. Issues raised here include, the physician/patient relationship; patient's rights versus that of the healthcare providers; accessibility and availability of healthcare. The key players in this scenario are the physician/hospital management; the nurses and the patients. This paper examined the judicial and human rights implications involved and provide suggestions for striking a balance between the rights of the patient and the duty/right of the healthcare providers. In doing this, the healthcare policy in Nigeria, vis-a-vis its accessibility, affordability and availability are examined 1 results 1
- A retrospective study of 26 patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral trabeculectomy over a 5year period was reviewed. Advantages of simultaneous bilateral trabeculectomy include a shorter stay in hospital compared to consecutive bilateral trabeculectomy, as well as a single general anaesthetic if required and this reduces the risk of exposure to anaesthetic agents within a short time. The turn-around time in theatre is also improved compared with separate operations. Preoperatively, 20 of the patients (77%) were on two or more antiglaucoma therapy. 69% of the patients (18patients) spent 7days in hospital, from admission to discharge, the normal duration of hospital stay for unilateral trabeculectomy. Only 31% spent over one week, none stayed in hospital beyond two weeks. Post operative complications occurred in 8 eyes (15.4%) but none led to blindness. Visual outcome was good in these patients as none had reduced vision postoperatively compared to preoperatively, 3eyes had an improvement in visual acuity postoperatively. 1 results 1
- Acceptability 1 results 1
- Acetylcholin¬esterase (AchE) 1 results 1
- Admission 1 results 1
- Adolescents 1 results 1
- Adriamycin 1 results 1
- Adriamycin, a widely used anti-cancer drug, induces nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity in experimental animals through generation of free radicals. Phenolic phytochemicals in guava leaves possess antioxidant properties. Hence, they could play a protective role in adriamycininduced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity. The protective effects of Ethanolic Extract of Psidium guajava (EEPG) on adriamycin-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity were investigated in rats. Dried powdered guava leaves (2kg) were extracted with ethanol and concentrated in rotary evaporator to obtain the EEPG. Two hundred male Wistar rats (weighing180g-220g) were divided into control, adriamycin-treated (single dose-20mg/kg and cumulative dose-15mg/kg, i.p), and adriamycin and EEPG-treated (125, 250 and 500mg/kg p.o) animals in pre-, and cotreatments. Genotoxicity test involved bone marrow cytology to identify Micronucleated Polychromatophilic Erythrocytes (MPEs) 24 hrs after treatments. Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood was obtained to determine blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Post-mitochondrial fraction of kidney homogenate was used to evaluate Lipid Peroxidation (LPO), Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), antioxidant enzymes [Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione Reductase (GR)] activities, and glutathione level spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity of EEPG was assessed in vitro using 2-2-Azobis-2´ Amidinopropane-Hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced LPO model and Radical Scavenging Activities (RSA) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl, nitric oxide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were determined spectrophotometrically. Histological changes in the kidney were assessed using a light microscope. The EEPG was fractionated by column chromatography over silica gel and sephadex LH-20 and its purified compound analysed for chemical structure by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Student’s t-test at p=0.05. About 500g of EEPG was obtained from 2kg of leaves. Renal dysfunction caused by 20mg/kg adriamycin (urea,-7.6μmol/L, creatinine,-11.8μmol/L) was prevented by pre-treatment with EEPG at 250mg/kg (4.9μmol/L, 7.9μmol/L) while antioxidant status was improved significantly by reducing LPO (0.5nmol) and increasing activities of SOD (3.6units), GPx (0.3nmol), catalase (0.1μmol), glutathione-S-transferase (0.3nmol), GR (0.6nmol) and glutathione level (16.0μg/g) when compared with adriamycin-treated rats (0.9nmol, 1.7units, 0.1nmol, 0.04μmol, 0.2nmol, 0.4nmol and 13.9μg/g), respectively. Increase in creatinine by 15mg/kg adriamycin (1.0mg/dL) was reduced by co-treatment with 250 and 500mg/kg EEPG (0.4mg/L, 0.3mg/dL). This reduction was accompanied by increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity (0.11nmol, 0.09nmol) when compared with adriamycin (0.08nmol) and inhibition of CYP3A4 activity (7.9±0.3, 8.2±0.2) when compared with adriamycin (9.0±0.1). Toxicity was profound when adriamycin was administered as cumulative dose. The EEPG (125, 250 and 500mg/kg) decreased the frequency of MPE (11.8, 8.8 and 3.4/1000 MPEs respectively) when compared with 20mg/kg adriamycin (19.3/1000 MPEs). The EEPG showed significant antioxidant activities in vitro through reduction of AAPH-induced LPO-65.3%, RSA in H2O2- 98.7%, nitric oxide-30.1%, DPPH.-70.4% and hydroxyl radicals-72.8% when compared with catechin (39.5%, 62.8%, 32.2%, 44.9% and 55.5%) respectively. Adriamycin induced renal tubular necrosis, while normal renal histology was maintained with EEPG at all doses. The purified compound from EEPG was found to be a triterpene. Ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava protected rats against adriamycin-induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity. Free radical scavenging property and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava may be responsible for this protective effect. 1 results 1
- Aerobic exercise 1 results 1
- Aim: To develop a Primary Healthcare-Based Physiotherapy Intervention (PHCPI) that requires simple, inexpensive, easy-to-use equipment for stroke rehabilitation and evaluate its effects on selected clinical indices of recovery among post-acute stroke survivors over a 10-week period. Methods: Three databases (Medline, Pubmed and PEDro) were used to identify treatment approaches with proven efficacy. The authors synthesised these treatment approaches to develop the PHCPI, which was used in a repeated measure design involving 25 (mean age=60.6 ± 10.2 years) consenting individuals with first-incidence stroke. These individuals were treated at a primary health centre, twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS), the Short Form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (SF-PASS) and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), before the intervention and fortnightly thereafter. Walking speed and quality of life were also assessed before the intervention and at week 10 of it. Results: Within-subject multivariate analysis, after controlling for gender, showed a significant increase in motor function, postural balance, walking speed and quality of life. Their community reintegration scores also improved over the period. Conclusion: The PHCPI resulted in improved motor function, community reintegration, walking speed, postural balance and quality of life among community-dwelling stroke survivors. This intervention can be used for stroke rehabilitation at primary health centres. 1 results 1
- Anion Gap 1 results 1
- Antioxidant 1 results 1
- Antioxidants 1 results 1
- Antiretroviral Therapy clinic 1 results 1
- Audiometric assessment was carried out on 26 metal workers at the spare parts market, Gate, Ibadan to corroborate their perceived susceptibility to noise induced hearing loss. Of the 26 studied, 13 (50.0%) indicated non-susceptibility. 11 (42.3%) indicated susceptibility while 2 (7.7%) did not know. Otology symptoms mentioned by those who indicate susceptibility were tinnitus (63.6%), hearing loss (36.4%), otalgia (18.2%), headache (9.1 %), and post-aural pain (9.1 %). Audiometric results showed 10 (76.9%) of non-susceptible subjects, 5 (45.5%) of susceptible subjects and 1 (50.0%) of undecided group had normal hearing bilaterally. Unilateral high frequency hearing loss was observed in 4 (36.4%) of the susceptible subjects. Implications of the findings for taking preventive action are discussed. 1 results 1
- Background: Cervical pregnancy is a rare life-threatening form of ectopic pregnancy and when it occurs, it is challenging to decide the management options. Surgical intervention has been documented to be complicated by intractable haemorrhage and most often necessitating hysterectomy. We hereby report a case of cervical pregnancy managed conservatively with medical agents prior to surgical intervention. Case presentation and management: A 29 year old primiparous woman with gestational diabetes mellitus who presented at 10 weeks gestation with 5 days history of brownish vaginal discharge and 2 days history of painless vaginal bleeding. On pelvic examination the cervix was disproportionately larger than the uterus with a closed internal os. Transvaginal and abdominal ultrasound scanning confirmed a live cervical pregnancy. She had intramuscular methotrexate and tranexamic acid followed by suction evacuation combined with balloon tamponade. Examination at 6 weeks post procedure revealed a normal cervix. Conclusion: Cervical pregnancy still occurs in this environment despite its rarity. Surgical intervention usually results in hysterectomy and adopting medical management as a first line treatment option offers the benefit of uterine preservation. 1 results 1
- Background: Metabolic acidosis (MA) still remains a very common finding in patients with end stage kidney disease (ESRD) despite the increasing volume of research on dialysis treatment that have resulted in improved haemodialysis delivery. Its occurrence increases the risk of dialysis termination and inadequate dialysis dose that is associated with poor treatment outcome. The study endeavored to study metabolic acidosis and to determine its relationship with the dialysis dose (Kt/V). Materials and Methods: This was a two centre cross-sectional study involving 298 participants with ESKD who had 1642 sessions of maintenance haemodialysis. Serum electrolytes were analyzed by the Ion-Selective Electrode method and haematocrit was determined using a Hematocrit Centrifuge Results: Two hundred and ninety eight (192 males and 106 females) participants took part with a mean age of 51.44 + 7.31 years (males, 51.18 + 4.62 years, females, 52.14 + 2.93 years), P=0.04. The mean serum bicarbonate concentration, post dialysis (20.61 ± 6.26 mmol/L) was significantly higher than the pre dialysis, 18.41 ± 3.63 mmol/L (P<0.001) concentration. The prevalence of pre and post dialysis metabolic acidosis were 79.0% and 38.3% (P<0.001) There was a significant reduction in the mean anion gap following dialysis (P<0.001). The mean dialysis dose was significantly higher in males than females (P=0.03) and in participants with normal PSBC than participants with low PSBC (P<0.001) Risk factors for metabolic acidosis were advancing age, elevated Body Mass Index and blood pressure. Metabolic acidosis was negatively related to glomerular filtration rate and haematocrit. Aging, lesser dialysis frequency, independently predicted metabolic acidosis Conclusion: Metabolic acidosis is quite common in patients on maintenance dialysis, more common in females, advancing age and in less frequent dialysis treatment. Its occurrence increased the risk of inadequate dialysis. 1 results 1
- Background: Oral environment is not sterile, and dentures worn by the patients can be infected and therefore needs disinfection. Solution disinfectants such as sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde can be used but they have side effects. Microwave disinfection method is more recent, however, there are conflicting reports at the moment on the appropriate power and time regimen for disinfection of denture. Objective: To determine the power and time regimen at which the disinfection of dentures can be achieved using microwave. Method: Forty-five acrylic denture bases were fabricated for each of the jaws and infected with solution of a stock Candida albicans and 30 infected bases were employed as control. These were placed in normal saline and then subjected to different microwave power and time regimen. Aliquots from these post-microwave solution were titrated against sabauraud agar which was subsequently incubated at 37oC for 48 hours. The agar were examined for candida growth. Result: The denture bases subjected to microwave disinfection at 350W showed Candida growth after microwave treatment irrespective of the time employed. Conversely, those microwaved at 650W and 690W for four and six minutes showed no microbial growth. Conclusion: The microwave regimen of 650W at 4 and 6 minutes completely disinfected the denture bases. Disinfection at higher microwave energy should be done with caution as distortion of the denture may occur. 1 results 1
- Background: Paediatric dialysis for acute kidney injury (AKI) in developing countries may be a challenge because of limited access to standard gadgets. Adapted gadgets such as nasogastric tubes have been used to provide peritoneal dialysis (PD)in such settings. The nasogastric tube is usually inserted by the trocar or surgical technique which is cumbersome. We describe passage of the nasogastric tube for PD at the bedside by a technique that is considered easier than the trocar or surgical method. Case report and Treatment: A two- and-a-half-year-old girl presented with oliguric AKI secondary to malaria and intravascular haemolysis with suspected uraemic encephalopathy. Her serum creatinine on admission was 9.4mg/dl. A nasogastric tube was adapted as PD catheter, and was inserted by the modified Seldinger technique on post-admission day 1. Results: She received 39 cycles of PD over 5 days. Complications of PD included catheter outflow obstruction on post admission day 2 on account of which the catheter was replaced. She also developed Klebsiella pneumoniae peritonitis and on account of which the procedure was discontinued on post admission day 6. She regained normal urine output on post admission day 7. She was managed with iv meropenem based on the antibiotic sensitivity pattern with resolution of peritonitis. She showed significant improvement and her serum creatinine on post admission day 15 was 0.5 mg/dl.She was discharged home on post admission day 18. Conclusion: Nasogastric tube, adapted as PD catheter and inserted by modified Seldinger technique may be life-saving in patients with AKI in developing countries. 1 results 1
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