Full Text Available
Access Repository
Search Results - reduction theory
Search alternatives:
- reduction »
- Go to Previous Page
- Showing 21 - 25 results of 25
-
EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE REHABILITATION THERAPY ON POST-STROKE DEPRESSION AMONG SURVIVORS OF FIRST STROKE ATTACK IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
Published 2014Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading…Article Loading… -
EFFECTS OF SCHOOL-BASED LIFE SKILLS TRAINING ON VIOLENCE AND HEALTH RISK BEHAVIOURS AMONG IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN DELTA STATE
Published 2016-08Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading… -
Duration as a Determining Factor in Educated Edo English Rhythm Description
Published 2015Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading… -
Correlates of Crime Reporting Among Victims in Lagos, Nigeria
Published 2015-07Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading… -
EVOLUTION, PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF THE UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN DUAL-MODE FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA, 1974-2014
Published 2019-03Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading…
Search Tools:
Refine Results
Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Lagos State 2 results 2
- Phonological processes constitute a veritable means to tracing language development, especially in children. Extant studies on Nigerian children’s phonological processes have examined errors and deviations, with little attention to language as an instrument for measuring children’s linguistic development. Therefore, this study was designed to examine children’s phonological processes and the constraints ranking responsible for them, with a view to tracing their linguistic development. Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky’s Optimality Theory was used as the framework, while the descriptive design was adopted. One hundred and two participants were purposively selected. Seventy-five and twenty-five children from primary schools in Lagos and Oyo states, respectively, were selected because of their age range of four to six years, and they read a prepared text. The choice of the states was motivated by their proximal, cosmopolitan and multicultural features. Also, two children, named child A, aged one year-three months, and child B, aged four years-three months, were observed in their homes in Oyo and Lagos states, respectively, for six months for the purpose of longitudinal observation. All utterances were audio-recorded. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, perceptual and acoustic analyses. The phonological processes identified were substitution (28.8%), vowel strengthening (23.2%), monophthongisation (15.7%), deletion (15.4%), assimilation (6.6%), gliding (4.3%) and yod coalescence (2.7%). Utterances were slow-paced, with an average of 4.8 minutes per participant, and phonemes were often singly produced. Constraints ranking favoured markedness over faithfulness constraints, such as *SCHWA >> αF, NODIPHTHONG >> MAX, *Ct#C >> *COMPLEX >> MAX and AGREE(PLACE) >> IDENT-IO. The participants’ linguistic development was noticeable in the instantiations of their processes, which were similar to the ambient variety of Nigerian English. The instances were very intelligible and significantly manifested beyond word level. They were also functional for achieving juncture prosody, cluster reduction and gemination. However, non-adult instances, like morphophonemic deletions, persisted, showing that the participants had not fully attained the adult level of phonological processes. In the longitudinal data, child A acquired voiced and labial consonants first, and codas suffered deletion more than onsets in monosyllables. By age two, child A had begun to produce polysyllables and closed syllables, and deletion changed from whole syllables to only phonemes. By age five, child B’s processes had begun to resemble adults’ and, more energy-demanding processes like epenthesis, voicing and vowel strengthening emerged. Tonalisation of English words and indigenous interference occurred in their utterances. The spectrogram showed that the outset of acquisition with child A featured weaker energy, like in unaspirated plosives; however, energy increased and stabilised as the participant got older, as indicated in the darker shades. The formant values of the participants’ vowels on the acoustic chart showed similarity to the cardinal vowel chart in terms of height and position of the tongue. Phonological processes in Nigerian children’s spoken English emerged through constraints reranking and increasingly become more like adults’ as the years pass by. 2 results 2
- Accelerated sustainable development built on Rostow's take-off theory of economic development sets the stage in grassroots development in any community. This, in our stance, was significantly supported by the use of appropriate village technology. This paper, therefore argues that, although the overriding objective of the millennium development goals is reduction of poverty in all its forms, as well as the attainment of social -well-being, much attention has not been paid to the development of indigenous knowledge in this drive. Consequently, this discourse, examined the re-engineering of appropriate village technology as advanced by indigenous knowledge base on rural education for sustainable community development in Africa. Lessons, challenges and options were advanced for policy decision and implementation. 1 results 1
- Agribusiness 1 results 1
- Assemblies of God‟s pastors 1 results 1
- Baptist policies 1 results 1
- Baptist policies regarding clergy-laity practices and benefits have been properly documented and approved by the Nigerian Baptist Convention. Despite the approval, some pastors and members had flouted these policies resulting in conflicts in some places, especially in Ogbomoso Baptist Conference between 1993 and 2008. Existing studies have concentrated on misuse of power and inter-personal relationship in multi-staff ministry with little attention paid to conflicts arising from Baptist policies. This study, therefore, examined the policies, causes of the conflicts resulting from their implementation and the effects on the church with a view to providing suggestions toward policy-oriented conflicts reduction. The study adopted Buse's Policy Implementation theory. A total of 345 copies of a questionnaire were administered to 58 pastors and 287 laity from purposively selected churches in Ogbomoso metropolis: Ijeru Baptist Church, Ebenezer Baptist Church, Ori-Oke Baptist Church and Iranlowo-Oluwa Baptist Church. In-depth interviews were conducted with purposively selected 20 clergymen and 20 laity. Church records were consulted. Data were subjected to historical analysis and percentages. The Nigerian Baptist denomination has four policies relating to church administration: non-accordance of church-membership to known members of secret societies; non-allowance of pastors to engage in herbal medicine; monogamy as a requirement for holding church offices and pegging of pastors‘ retirement age to 65 years. Between 1993 and 2002, the Ebenezer Baptist Church pastor's insistence that members should publicly renounce secret societies as attested to by 88.2% of clergy and 91.8% of laity caused conflicts, resulting in the assault on the pastor. Also, Christian burial rites were denied members who did not renounce the societies. This resulted in withdrawal of membership by a number of individuals. The non-allowance of the pastor of Ijeru Baptist Church to engage in herbal medicine in 2001 attested by 94.1% of clergy and 50.6% of laity led to his sack. The ensuing conflict resulted in the disruption of church services, to which Oodua Peoples Congress, a Yoruba socio-cultural militant group, was invited. Also, splits occurred which reduced attendance, and led to the pastor's eventual vacation of the church. Refusal to appoint polygynists as church officers at Iranlowo-Oluwa Baptist Church precipitated conflicts between 2003 and 2008 as claimed by all pastors and 97.0% of laity. The consequence was the disruption of church services normalized by police intervention. Also, splitter groups emerged: one moved out of the church to form a new church headed by the incumbent pastor; the other stayed back, headed by the lay leader. The unwillingness of pastors to go on retirement at age 65 as confirmed by 58.8% of pastors and 94.2% of laity ignited conflicts in Ori-Oke Baptist Church and Ebenezer Baptist Church in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The conflicts resulted in secession, derobing of one pastor and unceremonious retirement of the two pastors. The violation of Baptist polices on church administration led to pastor-laity conflicts in Ogbomoso Baptist Conference, 1993-2008, resulting in assault, loss of corporate face, membership and jobs. There is a need for great enlightenment on Baptist policies to avoid intra-denominational conflicts 1 results 1
- Buse's policy implementation 1 results 1
- Christian festivals 1 results 1
- Clergy-laity conflicts 1 results 1
- Climate change concepts 1 results 1
- Climate change is an environmental challenge that needs urgent attention. It is for this reason it is taught in Social Studies at the Junior Secondary School level to impart environmental knowledge. Literature was largely descriptive survey on awareness, perception and attitude to climate change without considering instructional interventions. This study determined the effects of mentoring and field study instructional strategies on students’ learning outcomes in climate change concepts in Social Studies in Lagos State. It also examined the moderating effects of gender and school location. The Constructivist, Eco-biological system and Social-learning theories provided the framework. The study adopted pretest-posttest, control group, quasi-experimental design of 3x2x2 matrix. Six public Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) were purposively selected from Lagos Island and Lagos Mainland Education Districts, Lagos State. The justification for the choice of these districts is that Lagos Island schools are mostly bounded by creeks and rivers while Lagos Mainland schools are mainly upland. Six intact JSS classes (one per school) comprising 284 students (143 males and 141 females) were randomly assigned to Mentoring (100), Field study (96) and Conventional (88) strategies. Treatment lasted ten weeks. Instruments used were: Students’ Knowledge of climate change test (r=0.77); Students’ attitude to climate change questionnaire (r=0.96); Climate change reduction practice questionnaire (r=0.96), and Instructional Guides for Mentoring, Field study and Conventional Strategies. Data were analysed using Analysis of Covariance and Scheffe post-hoc test at 0.05 level of significance. Treatment had significant main effects on students’ knowledge of climate change concepts (F(2,271) =11.86, η2=0.08), attitude (F(2,271)=8.74; η2= 0.06), and reduction practices (F(2,271) = 12.72; η2= 0.09). Students in mentoring strategy group had highest mean knowledge score (x ̅=12.35), followed by their counterparts in field study (x ̅=11.88) and control group (x ̅=10.67). For students’ attitude to climate change concepts, (F(2,271)= 8.74; η2= 0.06), control group had highest score (x ̅=42.36), followed by those in field study strategy group (x ̅= 41.67) and mentoring strategy group (x ̅ = 40.08). Field study strategy( x ̅ = 45.57) and mentoring strategy group (x ̅=45.00) scored higher than the control group (x ̅=40.86) in climate change reduction practices.There was a significant interaction effect of treatment and school location on knowledge of climate change concepts (F(2,271) = 3.45; η2= 0.03), and attitude scores(F(2,271) = 4.37;η2= 0.03) of students from Lagos Island and Mainland schools. There was no significant interaction effect of treatment and school location on the climate change reduction practices scores of students from Lagos Island and Mainland schools.The two-way interaction as well as the three-way interaction effects were not significant. Mentoring and field study instructional strategies were effective in enhancing students’ learning outcomes in climate change concepts in Social Studies in Lagos state, Nigeria. Teachers should adopt these strategies for effective teaching and learning of climate change concepts in Social Studies. 1 results 1
- Cognitive rehabilitation therapy 1 results 1
- Commuter threshold 1 results 1
- Computer Science & IT 1 results 1
- Computer Science & Information Science 1 results 1
- Conflict management 1 results 1
- Crime reporting 1 results 1
- Crime reporting practices are critical for effective policing and reduction of crime. Studies have shown that more crimes are committed than reported, while little research attention has been paid to the determinants of crime reporting among Nigerians. This study, therefore, examined the correlates of crime reporting among crime victims in Lagos State, Nigeria because its high crime rates are disproportionally reported. The Weberian Social Action theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. It adopted the survey research design. Multistage sampling consisting of purposive and simple random techniques was used to select study locations and respondents respectively. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demographic characteristics, incidence of crime, and reporting practices from 948 randomly selected crime victims across the three LGAs from the senatorial districts of Lagos. Four hundred and seventy five respondents from Mushin local government area to represent Lagos west,291 respondents from Lagos Island local government area for Lagos central and182 respondents from Ibeju Lekki local government area for Lagos east senatorial districts. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with traditional rulers and religious leaders with one purposively selected respondent from each senatorial district. Twelve key informant interviews with two relations of victims, a crime officer and one landlord association chairman were also conducted in each senatorial district. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and regression at 5% level of significance, while qualitative data were content analysed. Respondents’ age was 35.04±11.2 years; 66.1% were males, 46.5% were single and 61.2% had tertiary education. While 93.4% male respondents experienced crime, 50.2% reported crime. Also, 70.0% of the respondents had no confidence in the police, 19.3% had confidence and 10.7%were indifferent. Major reasons for non-reporting were: police inability to solve crime (56.3%), lack of confidence in the Nigeria police (25.6%) and crime as a private affair (11.0%). Victims reported minor (53.3%) and major (46.7%) crimes. Respondents who identified fear of offenders’ revenge (odds ratio [OR] = 2.140) and court processes (OR = 2.061) as their special considerations for reporting were twice more likely to report crimes relative to loss of value (OR=1.000). While only marriage was significantly related to crime reporting among male respondents (X2 = 0.00), religion (X2 = 0.002), education (X2 = 0.000), ethnicity (X2 = 0.001) and marital status (X2 = 0.045) were significantly associated with crime reporting among female respondents. Crime reporting among respondents was lower from rural (59.1%) through semi-urban (52.9%) to urban Lagos (47.1%). Stigmatisation of reporting as unbeneficial was dominant in rural communities. In urban Lagos, reporting crime to the police was not the usual practice. Self help was the familiar alternative to police notification. Generally, residents avoided reporting crime to the police because some officers had connived with criminals. Crime reporting was generally low among residents of Lagos. Government should empower victims to enrich police crime data bank, by reporting, so as to enhance the efficiency of the entire criminal justice system. Also, the police should be trained to inspire improved crime reporting through confidence building among residents. 1 results 1
- Distance Education Programme (DEP) was introduced in the 1970s by some Nigerian universities as an alternative mode to the conventional delivery. However, reports have shown that the programme has been bedevilled by low quality learning, unethical practices and mismatch between policy and practice. Previous studies focused on enrolment, retention and analyses of some factors for motivating distance learners with less attention paid to evolution, practices and challenges of the programmes. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the evolution, practices and challenges of the undergraduate DEP in dual-mode federal universities in South-Western Nigeria, 1974-2014. Cognitive Dissonance, Independent Study and Transactional Distance Learning theories provided the framework, while historical and descriptive survey methods were adopted. The DEP of the three accredited dual-mode federal universities in South-Western Nigeria were enumerated, namely University of Lagos Distance Learning Institute (DLI), University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre (DLC) and the Obafemi Awolowo University Centre for Distance Learning (CDL), Ile-Ife. Primary data included oral interviews with the centre / institute directors and archival materials of the National Universities Commission (NUC) and sampled institutions, while secondary sources included relevant textbooks, journal articles, bulletins, periodicals and unpublished Ph.D theses. Questionnaires were administered to the 77 tutors, 102 administrative staff and 959 distance learning students that were purposively selected based on their experience. Historical and descriptive methods were employed for data analyses The DEP began in 1974 with the establishment of the University of Lagos Correspondence and Open Studies Unit which eventually transmuted to DLI in 1997. The University of Ibadan External Studies Programme later changed to the Centre for External Studies in 1988 and became DLC in 2002, the same year the CDL was established in Ile-Ife. Although the institutions ran DEP on part-time basis between 2002-2009, accreditation of courses by the NUC in 2011 transited the programmes to full-fledged practice. The period 2009-2014 featured improved institutional commitment, better compliance with the NUC guidelines, general increase in enrolment and a reduction of face-to-face interactions. The DLI, DLC and CDL organised orientation programmes for new students and packaged instructions into tablets, but conducted interactive sessions respectively at weekends, week days and two weeks to examinations. The weighted mean across the centres / institute was high against > 2.50 threshold in term of Capacity Development (CD), Learner Support Services (LSS) and Quality Assurance (QA) respectively. The mean values of DLI, DLC and CDL on CD, LSS and QA are (2.98 + 0.75; 2.84 + 0.85; 3.35 + 0.83), (3.10 + 0.75; 2.89 + 0.74; 3.35 + 0.50 and (3.08 + 0.85; 2.92 + 0.87 3.41 + 0.90) respectively. Despite constraints of low internet bandwidths and erratic power supply in the Universities, the undergraduate DEP had transformed from correspondence to a technologically-driven mode. Within the four decades of existence, the undergraduate Distance Education Programmes in dual-mode federal universities in South-Western Nigeria had witnessed better regulatory framework and improved productivity in spite of infrastructural constraints. To enhance better practice of the programmes, all stakeholders should be more committed. 1 results 1
- Drug use and abuse 1 results 1
- Dual-mode Federal Universities in Nigeria 1 results 1
- Duration, the length of time used in speech production, is a significant phonetic stress-related criterion for determining rhythm, which is crucial for intelligibility in Standard British English (SBE). Some phonological studies on Yoruba, Hausa and Isoko Englishes claimed that these sub-varieties of Nigerian English (NE) tilt towards syllable-timing due to the absence of vowel reduction. Nevertheless, existing phonological studies on Educated Edo English (EEE) – a sub-variety of NE – has been on word and variable stress, while studies on its rhythm have been rare. This study, therefore, examined stressed and unstressed syllable alternation and duration of rhythm units in connected speech, to account for the description of EEE speakers as syllable-timed or stressed-timed, and the implication for NE rhythm description. Prince and Liberman‟s metrical theory, which explains the alternation of strong and weak constituents in SBE rhythm units, served as the theoretical framework. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 150 (75 males and 75 females) EEE speakers undergraduates from University of Benin and Ambrose Ali University as key informants. Two SBE speakers served as Native Baselines (NB). Speech Filing System (SFS) version 1.41 was used to record and measure informants‟ production of 35 rhythm units with anacrusis, 40 rhythm units, and 10 English words with syllabic consonants. The recordings were transcribed, subjected to perceptual analysis (frequency and percentages) and complemented with Gibbon and Gut Rhythm Ratio (RR) acoustic measures of 0-100, T-test and Mann Whitney U test at 0.05 level of significance. In rhythm units with anacrusis, perceptual analysis revealed that out of 5,250 overall expected occurrences, EEE speakers appropriately produced all the syllables with strong forms at 900 (17.1%) instances, bringing inappropriate use to 4,350 (82.9%). For rhythm units in connected speech, out of 6,000 expected occurrences, EEE speakers‟ appropriately produced 694 (11.6%), with inappropriate use at 5,306 (88.4%). Regarding the English syllabic consonants, out of 1,500 expected instances of occurrence, EEE speakers had 0.0%. From the perspective of Gibbon and Gut RR acoustic measures, out of 100RR expected absolute value, NB measured 162.97ms in rhythm units, with an overall mean of 81.5RR and a difference of 18.5RR, tilting towards stress-timing while EEE speakers‟ duration in rhythm units was 6166.25ms of 41.1RR, with a difference of 58.9RR tilting towards syllable timing. T-test revealed that there was a significant difference between EEE speakers compared to NB duration (4.571) and RR (81.5), with P-value <0.05 (0.000). Duration of males was 3057.125ms (20.4RR) while the females measured 3110.125ms (20.7RR). Mann Whitney U test showed insignificant difference for gender with P-value > 0.05, (0.482) and RR (0.293) which is greater than 0.05. The metrical analysis of EEE speakers established proliferation of Strong/Strong (S/S) juxtaposition of stressed and unstressed syllable in rhythm units, compared to the NB alternation of Weak/Strong (W/S) or Strong/Weak (S/W). Stressed and unstressed syllable alternation and duration of rhythm units in the connected speech of Educated Edo English speakers‟ do not conform to Standard British English pattern. This implies that Nigerian English rhythm tilts towards syllable-timing than stresstiming 1 results 1
- Economic growth 1 results 1
- Educated Edo English 1 results 1
- Educated Isoko English 1 results 1
- Electric power utility 1 results 1
- Electricity theft in Lagos State 1 results 1
- Emile Durkheim‟s functionalist Theory 1 results 1
- Employing the neo-Malthusian and Voluntary Social Action Theories, this paper argues that irrespective of denomination Christians in Ibadan perceive family planning as an essential mechanism for achieving fertility reduction and moderate family size. Data were collected through questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Results indicate that 98 percent of the respondents claimed to be knowledgeable about contraceptives; while 67 percent of respondents who are Catholics approved of contraception, only 42 percent of them actually used these contraceptives. Condom was mostly used by the respondents generally; cost/non-affordability and side effects are the main reasons why respondents may not use contraceptives even when they approve of it. Church leaders in both groups stressed the importance of family planning for achieving a moderate family size. Prioritizing advocacy to religious groups will go a long way in ensuring positive attitudinal and behavioural change towards adoption of context specific family planning strategies. 1 results 1
- see all…