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NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF PANICUM MAXIMUM (JACQ.) ENSILED WITH TWO CULTIVARS OF LABLAB PURPUREUS (LABLAB PURPUREUS L.) FOR WEST AFRICAN DWARF RAM
Published 2014Call Number: Loading…
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Clarias gariepinus JUVENILES FED PROCESSED ALMOND (Terminalia catappa LINNAEUS) KERNEL MEAL
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Re-establishment of vegetation on soil contaminated by heavy metals in response to Mexican sunflower and cassava peels composts.
Published 2012Call Number: Loading…
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 3 results 3
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- Architecture in any period has often been a reflection of the sociological, cultural, economic and technological aspects of its development. Though it has been argued that Africa has no recorded history in the written form, but evidences persist of the rich culture of the different tribes that makes up the constituent of its inhabitants. This paper examines some of these socio-cultural factors that impinge on the historical traditional forms and architectural system in sub-Saharan Africa, by considering the pattern of food production and consumption. It also examines in particular existing relationship between architecture and food consumption that affect the sustainable built form found in southwest Nigeria. The paper is thus an endeavor to discuss the connections, interrelationships and benefits of these concepts in the evolving modem sociocultural views on Africa. The paper report a recent field survey carried out in the study area, based on quantitative and qualitative methodology. Sizeable numbers of questionnaire are administered to the target population, using stratified random sampling method in order to elicit primary data with 76 percent response rate from the respondent. The survey and interview conducted highlights a number of observations and conclusion of the relationship between food production activities and its role in city development or formation. 1 results 1
- Background Sesame oil, an edible essential oil, is known to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and lignans with several reported health-promoting benefts. Acute arsenic poisoning produces toxic hepatitis, bone marrow depression and adverse gastrointestinal responses. In this study, we investigated the protective efect of sesame seed oil (SSO) against genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and colonic toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (SA) in Wistar rats. Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control, SA only (2.5 mg/ kg), SA + SSO (4 ml/kg) and SSO alone for eight consecutive days. Liver function and morphology, bone marrow micronuclei induction, colonic histopathology, mucus production and immune expression of Bcl-2, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), MUC1 and cytokeratins AE1/AE3 were evaluated. Results SA provoked increased serum activities of liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspar tate aminotransferase (AST), and caused severely altered morphology of hepatic and colonic tissues with increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs/1000PCE) in the bone marrow. In addition, SA triggered increased expression of colonic CEA and MUC1 but weak Bcl-2 immunoexpression. However, cotreatment with SSO demonstrated protective activities against SA-induced damage, as indicated by signifcantly reduced serum ALT and AST, fewer micronucleated bone marrow erythrocytes and well-preserved hepatic and colonic morphologies compared to the SA-treated rats. Furthermore, SSO protected the colonic mucosa by boosting mucus production, elevating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and reducing CEA expression. GC–MS analysis of SSO revealed that it was predominated by linoleic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid, and tocopherols. Conclusions Our data indicated that SSO protected the liver, colon and bone marrow potentially via anti-infam matory and anti-apoptotic activities. The data suggest that sesame oil has potential therapeutic applications against chemical toxicities induced by arsenic. 1 results 1
- Background: Child mortality remains unacceptably high, with Northern Nigeria reporting some of the highest rates globally (e.g. 192/1000 live births in Jigawa State). Coverage of key protect and prevent interventions, such as vaccination and clean cooking fuel use, is low. Additionally, knowledge, care-seeking and health system factors are poor. Therefore, a whole systems approach is needed for sustainable reductions in child mortality. Methods: This is a cluster randomised controlled trial, with integrated process and economic evaluations, conducted from January 2021 to September 2022. The trial will be conducted in Kiyawa Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria, with an estimated population of 230,000. Clusters are defined as primary government health facility catchment areas (n = 33). The 33 clusters will be randomly allocated (1:1) in a public ceremony, and 32 clusters included in the impact evaluation. The trial will evaluate a locally adapted ‘whole systems strengthening’ package of three evidence-based methods: community men’s and women’s groups, Partnership Defined Quality Scorecard and healthcare worker training, mentorship and provision of basic essential equipment and commodities. The primary outcome is mortality of children aged 7 days to 59 months. Mortality will be recorded prospectively using a cohort design, and secondary outcomes measured through baseline and endline cross-sectional surveys. Assuming the following, we will have a minimum detectable effect size of 30%: (a) baseline mortality of 100 per 1000 livebirths, (b) 4480 compounds with 3 eligible children per compound, (c) 80% power, (d) 5% significance, (e) intra-cluster correlation of 0.007 and (f) coefficient of variance of cluster size of 0.74. Analysis will be by intention-totreat, comparing intervention and control clusters, adjusting for compound and trial clustering. Discussion: This study will provide robust evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community-based participatory learning and action, with integrated health system strengthening and accountability mechanisms, to reduce child mortality. The ethnographic process evaluation will allow for a rich understanding of how the intervention works in this context. However, we encountered a key challenge in calculating the sample size, given the lack of timely and reliable mortality data and the uncertain impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 results 1
- Background: Spinal bifida (SB) is a disabling congenital abnormality with folic acid (FA) deficiency, recognized as a predisposing factor. Existing literature reports reduction in its incidence following peri-conceptual supplementation with Folic acid. However, there is limited literature on maternal subsequent pregnancy following SB occurrence with regards to awareness and usage of folic acid supplementation and dietary consumption of folate in our local environment. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on the awareness and practice of peri-conception FA supplementation among mothers with children affected with SB, in affected and subsequent pregnancy, was done. Data was obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire with analysis done with descriptive analysis. Results: There were 12 respondents with majority of them (91.7%) less than 30 years old at the time of their first pregnancy and the mean of current age was 24.8 + 1.3 years. While just 2(16.7%) used FA in the pre-conception period in the SB pregnancy, only eight (66.7%) of the mothers used FA in the pre-conception period of the subsequent pregnancy despite increased awareness from 8(66.7%) to 12(100%). The dietary consumption of folate rich food was poor. Subsequent pregnancies were planned and there was no recurrence Conclusions: Improvement in the peri-conceptual usage of folic acid in mothers with a child previously affected with SB and no recorded recurrence. National policies on folic acid supplementation and pre-conceptual care have been further validated. 1 results 1
- Background: The rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Africa requires a multi-sectoral action (MSA) in their prevention and control. This study aimed to generate evidence on the extent of MSA application in NCD prevention policy development in five sub-Saharan African countries (Kenya, South Africa, Cameroon, Nigeria and Malawi) focusing on policies around the major NCD risk factors. Methods: The broader study applied a multiple case study design to capture rich descriptions of policy contents, processes and actors as well as contextual factors related to the policies around the major NCD risk factors at single- and multi-country levels. Data were collected through document reviews and key informant interviews with decision-makers and implementers in various sectors. Further consultations were conducted with NCD experts on MSA application in NCD prevention policies in the region. For this paper, we report on how MSA was applied in the policy process. Results: The findings revealed some degree of application of MSA in NCD prevention policy development in these countries. However, the level of sector engagement varies across different NCD policies, from passive participation to active engagement, and by country. There was higher engagement of sectors in developing tobacco policies across the countries, followed by alcohol policies. Multi-sectoral action for tobacco and to some extent, alcohol, was enabled through established structures at national levels including inter-ministerial and parliamentary committees. More often coordination was enabled through expert or technical working groups driven by the health sectors. The main barriers to multi-sectoral action included lack of awareness by various sectors about their potential contribution, weak political will, coordination complexity and inadequate resources. Conclusion: MSA is possible in NCD prevention policy development in African countries. However, the findings illustrate various challenges in bringing sectors together to develop policies to address the increasing NCD burden in the region. Stronger coordination mechanisms with clear guidelines for sector engagement are required for effective MSA in NCD prevention. Such a mechanisms should include approaches for capacity building and resource generation to enable multi-sectoral action in NCD policy formulation, implementation and monitoring of outcomes. 1 results 1
- Child mortality 1 results 1
- Circular peptides 1 results 1
- Climate change mitigation, 1 results 1
- Cluster randomised controlled trial 1 results 1
- Community 1 results 1
- Compost 1 results 1
- Controlled diet 1 results 1
- Cultural sensitivity 1 results 1
- Development 1 results 1
- Disease 1 results 1
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