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USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICTs) AMONG WOMEN FARMERS IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
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PHYSIOLOGICAL, GENOMIC AND PRESERVATIVE PROPERTIES OF PEDIOCOCCUS ISOLATES FROM MEATS UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE
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INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE FOR FOREST-MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN FOREST DEPENDENT COMMUNITIES OF CROSS RIVER, NIGERIA
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EVALUATION OF BIOGAS YIELD AND MICROBIAL SPECIES FROM MULTI-BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
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NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF PANICUM MAXIMUM (JACQ.) ENSILED WITH TWO CULTIVARS OF LABLAB PURPUREUS (LABLAB PURPUREUS L.) FOR WEST AFRICAN DWARF RAM
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Nigerian surgical outcomes – Report of a 7-day prospective cohort study and external validation of the African surgical outcomes study surgical risk calculator
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- This paper investigates the artistic characteristic features and iconology of Yoruba Oro bullroarer using selected examples of seven Oro bullroarers in the collection of the Museum of the Institute of African Studies (MIAS), University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The ethnographic research design was adopted for the study. It gathered data from in-depth interviews, historical, political, mythological, scholarly submissions and allusions on the socio-religious, cultural importance and associations of oro in Yoruba land, to elucidate traditional and contemporary perspectives about Oro and its iconography. In its conclusion, the paper highlighted the important images commonly depicted on the Oro bullroarer. Some of the images observed are zoomorphic, anthropomorphic, geometric or abstract forms. It further observes that the images on the bullroarer are purposely engineered to conform with the overall process of scientific effect of matter, energy, force and motion to produce the buzzing sound associated with Oro 2 results 2
- "Farmers' perception of innovation are deeply rooted in the socio-economic structure of existing social systems. Adoption studies have shown that the farmer would not adopt a new practice unless it is compatible with their socio- economic characteristics. This paper highlights some implications for extension services to livestock farmers taking into cognisance the socio-economic characteristics. Two hundred and eighty farmers were selected from the seven states of South Western Nigeria using the large sample size technique (n≥30). Data were collected on the socio-economic characteristics of fanners and their production activities on small ruminant animals. The data collected was subjected to frequency counts and percentages." 1 results 1
- "Isolates of hepatitis B viruses were collected from 20 acute and chronic hepatitis patients in a highly endemic region of Nigeria. Sequencing classified the isolates to the ayw4, as they all contained the amino acid variations characteristic for that serotype. In the pre-S2 region of five isolates, three to seven amino acids were deleted, suggesting that immune escape mutations previously associated only with chronic HBV infection may be observed also in acute disease. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete pre-S2/S (large S) genes (831 nt) demonstrated that all the viruses belonged to the same genotype E. So far, no isolates of genotvpe E have been found in any other region of the world, including the Americas. This may suggest a relatively recent introduction of this genotype into humans and would explain the relatively low genetic diversity of viruses belonging to this genotype. One genotype E virus had been found previously in a chimpanzee, and viruses betonging to the CHIMP genotype are related to other genotype E viruses. These findings are compatible with a transmission of genotype E viruses from chimpanzees to humans. " 1 results 1
- "Objective- To identify factors that predict condom use and sexual practices of brewery employees who had recently been on short- and long- term migration in the course of their jobs in Nigeria. Design -A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to investigate the relationship between sexual practices and condom use of migrant employees, and to determine the predictors of condom use at last intercourse during migration. Setting- The study was conducted in a large multinational brewery in Nigeria with operational locations in various parts of the country. Method- A sample of 936 male employees was selected consecutively in the brewery in 2002. They were independently invited to respond to a questionnaire consisting of items that covered background characteristics, condom use and sexual experiences. Results- The findings showed that 40 per cent of participants reported they were using alcohol occasionally prior to sex and 54 per cent reported that they either received or paid money for sex. Forty-seven per cent of men indicated that they used condoms at their last intercourse during migration, while 62 per cent had had one to three sexual partners during their last migration. The odds of using a condom at last inter- course were significantly lower for than for single participants (odds ratio, 0.57). Compared with participants without the intention to use a condom in next intercourse during migration, those with the intention were significantly more likely to report condom use (odds ratio, 9.7). The odds of condom use were significantly higher for participants who perceived that a condom prevents HIV transmission than those who either did not have the perception or were not sure (odds ratio, 0.30-1.80). Conclusion Steps are needed to promote condom use among brewery employees on migration. Intervention programmes aimed to enhance condom use among prospective migrant employees may be more effective if they provide opportunities for the employees to think about the advantages of condoms in sexual encounters under migration conditions." 1 results 1
- "Research in the job commitment literature has focused less attention on commitment of employees in protective service organizations, in spite of the fact that global security challenges may have affected the level of commitment of security personnel. The present study extended prior job commitment literature by examining personality attributes (cynicism) and personal characteristics as factors affecting job commitment of personnel of Nigerian Police Force. Using a cross-sectional survey design, three hundred and twelve (n=312) police personnel, consisting of 237 males and 75 females purposively selected participated in the study. Forty seven (47) respondents belonged to the officer cadre, while two hundred and sixty five (265) were non-officer cadre. A structured questionnaire comprising three sections; demographic information, cynicism scale and job commitment scale was used for data collection. Three hypotheses were generated from review of relevant literature and tested using t-test of independence. Results showed that cynicism had significant influence on job commitment, (t (310) =2.042, p<.05); cadre had significant influence on job commitment, (t (310) = 3.169, p<.05). There was no significant gender difference in job commitment, (t (310) = -.088, p>.05). The study concluded that cynicism predicted job commitment, and recommends personality profiling of prospective candidates as part of recruitment regime into the Nigeria Police Force. " 1 results 1
- "The effects of feeding graded levels of bio-detheobrominized cocoa bean shell (CBS) based diets were studied in broilers. Detheobromination by fungi fermentation (bio-detheobromination) reduces the methylxanthine contents cocoa by-products when fermented with Aspergillus niger. 196 day old broiler chicks were used for the experiment in an eight week feeding trial. There were seven dietary treatments containing graded levels of CBS from 0 to 30% at the expense of maize and soyabean meal. The control group had no CBS in its diet. Parameters measured include feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and gut morphology. The results showed that total feed intake, average body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, weight of internal organs and gut morphology were significantly (p˂0.05) different across dietary treatments while the carcass characteristics did not show any significant (p>0.05) difference. The result of the study revealed that there was a significant reduction in the weight gain and feed efficiency of the broilers fed CBS based diets as the level of dietary CBS increased beyond 10%. However, the duodenum villous height and crypt depths increased significantly as the level of CBS increased in the diets. It therefore suggested that the amount/quantity of anti-nutrients such as theobromine and tannins in the CBS based diets beyond 10% inclusion locked up essential nutrients thereby impairing their bio-availability and overall growth of the birds. Thus, additional research is needed to find further techniques of processing CBS so that its anti-nutrients could be further reduced for optimium use in broiler nutrition." 1 results 1
- "d' determinant; 1 results 1
- 30‑day Mortality Rate 1 results 1
- A gas-fired oven for commercial production of bread was designed and constructed using locally available material and was subjected to various tests to come out with its performance characteristics. Its performance was evaluated arid then compared with respect to the total time required to bake a specified mass of white flour dough using the gas oven with that used by clay wood fired oven for the same mass of white flour dough. The outcome of the test result indicated that the maximum temperature attained by the oven was 400°C with the gas control valves at close to the maximum point (without load). This temperature was attained seven minutes after firing the oven. The clay wood fired oven tested attained a peak temperature of 280°C one hour after it was fired. White flour dough of mass 0.2kg was baked in the gas fired oven in thirty nine minutes (first load), this corresponds to the total baking time. The same unit mass of dough was baked in the wood fired oven in a total baking time of eight-five minutes. A test carried out on the insulating machine, sawdust, showed that it minimized the heat loss from the oven by maintaining a high temperature gradient between the inside wall and the outer wall of the oven. The preliminary economic analysis of the cost of production of the oven and the cost of fuel showed that is cost effective and viable. 1 results 1
- A study was conducted for 8 weeks to investigate the effect of dietary biscuit waste (BW) replacing maize (M) on performance and carcass characteristic of broilers. A total of 175 day old marshal broiler chicks were used for this study. They were completely randomized and divided into five treatments. Each treatment had five replicates of seven birds per replicate. Five experimental diets were formulated as follows; A: (100%M: 0%BW), B: (75% M: 25%BW), C: (50%M: 50%BW), D: (25%M: 75%BW), E: (0%M: 100%BW) at both starter and finisher phases. Performance indices measured were feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The feed intake (F.I.) was affected with increasing level of biscuit waste. There were significant differences (p<0.05) across the treatments with treatment A having the highest value of 2.92kg for F.I and treatment E having the least value of 2.51kg while treatments B, C and D followed the same trend having the following values of 2.73kg, 2.70kg and 2.61kg respectively. Average weight gain showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) across the treatments, the values obtained were 1.13kg, 1.09kg, 1.10kg, 1.12kg and 1.10kg for treatments A, B, C, D and E respectively. Feed conversion ratio showed significant differences (p˂0.05) as birds in treatments C, D and E recorded lower values of 2.47%, 2.37% and 2.33% respectively while birds on treatment A had highest value of 2.60%. The carcass weights expressed as percentages of live weights (LW) did not show any significant differences (p>0.05). The result for breast weights showed significant differences (p˂0.05) as birds on treatments four (25% M: 75% (BW) and five (0%M: 100% BW) had lower values of 10.05% (LW) and 11.20% (LW) respectively. Surprisingly, birds on treatment two (75% M 25% BW) had the highest breast meat value of 16.75%. The percentage organ weights showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between liver, heart and spleen but the gizzard weights were significantly different among the treatments with the control having the highest value of 2.88% (LW). It was concluded that biscuit waste could be used as feed for broilers up to 50% replacement levels for maize at the starter and finisher phases without compromising performance and carcass value of broilers. 1 results 1
- Adolescents 1 results 1
- Adriamycin 1 results 1
- African Culture 1 results 1
- Agricultural information 1 results 1
- Agricultural news and News coverage 1 results 1
- Anaerobic digestion 1 results 1
- Analeptes trifasciata 1 results 1
- Aniridia 1 results 1
- Anti-Retroviral (ARV) drugs are effective in reducing the incidence of death due to AIDS. The drugs are administered free of charge to People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in designated clinics throughout Nigeria. Despite their availability compliance with ARV drug treatment remains a major challenge. The factors which influence compliance to ARV drugs among PLWHA in Nigeria have not been adequately studied. This research was therefore targeted at assessing the factors which affect compliance to ARV treatment among PLWHA at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu. A total of 341 consenting respondents out of the 1,200 patients who attended the weekly HIV clinic over a period of one month were selected for the study. A validated questionnaire which included questions on demographic characteristics, health related information, compliance with ARV, social support, counseling services, side effects, perceived benefits and inhibiting factors to ARV medication was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression. Participants’ mean age was 36.8±9.8 years, 60.7% were females, 50.7% were married and 57.8% were traders/artisans. Respondents’ level of education was as follows: tertiary (31.1%), secondary (42.2%), primary (21.4%) and no formal education (5.3%). Many (48.4%) respondents’ had been on ARV treatment for 6 to 18 months preceding the study. Eighty three percent of the participants’ received counseling before they were placed on ARV drugs. An improvement in health was reported by 89.1% of those that took ARV drugs as prescribed. Seventy nine percent of the respondents fully complied with their ARV medication as prescribed. The reasons for failure to take the drugs as prescribed include traveling (19.1%), forgetfulness (17.3%) lack of access to food (7.9%). Forty percent of the respondents’ experienced side-effects after using the drugs; as a result of which 5.0% stopped using their drugs. The side-effects included: rashes (56.2%), diarrhea (30.7%), and abdominal pain (30.7%), vomiting (27.7%) and dizziness (24.8%). More males (82.0%) than females (77.3%) took their drugs as prescribed. Most (82.2%) of the married respondents took their drugs as prescribed compared to the singles (75.3%). Seventy nine point seven percent of the respondents within the age bracket 30 to 40 years complied with their ARV drug therapy whereas, 79.2% of those younger than 30 years and 78% of those older than 40 years took their ARV drugs as prescribed. Respondents who experienced improvements in their health status were more likely to comply with their treatment regimen than those who did not (OR= 15.2, 95% CI=1.6-140.1). The PLWHA who received social/ financial support were also more likely to comply with treatment regimen than those who did not receive social support (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1-3.1). Compliance to anti retroviral drugs was high among the respondents in spite of the attendant side effect. This positive health seeking behavior should be reinforced through effective health education strategy such as daily counseling and patient education. 1 results 1
- Anti-retroviral 1 results 1
- Apparent Ileal digestibility 1 results 1
- Attitude 1 results 1
- Availability of ICTs 1 results 1
- Availability of information on improved technologies is an important ingredient for agricultural development. However, Nigerian women farmers have low access to technological information. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) among these women in accessing information on improved agricultural practices has not been adequately explored. Use of ICTs among women farmers in north-eastern Nigeria was assessed in this study. Adamawa and Bauchi were randomly selected from the six states in north-eastern Nigeria. All the seven Agricultural development Programme (ADP) zones in the two states were included in the sample. Twenty five percent of Women-in-Agriculture units of the ADP extension blocks in each zone were selected and 15% of women in each unit were randomly sampled. A total of 359 respondents, made up of 172 and 187 from Adamawa and Bauchi States respectively, were selected. Interview schedule was used to collect information on respondents‟ characteristics and benefits. Social participation, awareness and attitude were assessed and categorised on point scales thus: low (0-11.4), high (11.5-39.0); low (0-5.9), high (6.0-10); and unfavourable (37.0-60.0), favourable (61-79) respectively. The use of old ICTs (radio, television, telephone, video, extension bulletin and newspaper) and new ICTs (mobile phone, computer, internet and CD-ROM) were also assessed. Data were analysed, using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, correlation, t-test, and logit regression (p=0.05) Married respondents constituted 86.6% and the mean age was 41.0 ± 12.6 years. Christians were 65.1%, Muslims in seclusion were 32.9% and 52.0% attained primary education. Most respondents (64.3%) practised mixed farming, with mean farm size of 3.4 ± 2.7 ha; 93.0% cultivated cereals and 58.5% raised poultry. Also, 57.7% had low social participation score (0.0-11.4) and 99.0% were aware of ICTs. Majority of the respondents benefitted from access to information on fertiliser sources and application (75.8%), credits, grants and loans (71.5%), child care and nutrition (67.1%), market prices and location (65.5%), crop pests; diseases and control (63.5%). The most commonly used old ICTs were radio (92.8%) and television (59.6%), while the most commonly used new ICT was the mobile phone (59.3%). Fifty-two percent had unfavourable attitude (0.0-60.0) towards the use of ICTs. Use of ICTs was significantly related to residence location (χ2=0.12), seclusion status (0.44) and education (0.10). It was also significantly related to social participation (r=0.47), cosmopoliteness (0.19), awareness (0.65) and attitude (0.32). Mean awareness of old ICTs (4.1±1.9) was significantly higher than of new ICTs (1.7±1.3). Mean use of old ICTs (14.8±11.3), its use among non-secluded (21.5±6.8) and among urban respondents 4(23.1±16.6) were significantly higher than mean use of new ICTs (4.8 ±3.2), its use among secluded (15.7 ±9.3) and among rural respondents (19.2±12.4). Education, social participation, awareness of ICTs, cosmopoliteness and residence location had likelihood of increasing the use of ICTs by 0.03, 0.01, 0.46, 0.04 and 0.09 respectively Women farmers in north-eastern Nigeria had high awareness of ICTs and used them in accessing agricultural and other livelihood information. However, the unfavourable attitude and low awareness and use of new ICTs need to be addressed to increase the potential to deliver agricultural information to women farmers. 1 results 1
- Background: Infertility is a worldwide problem affecting about 10-15% of married couples and has social, economic and psychological implications1. A significant number of couples will require assisted reproduction following failure of common treatment options. Undergraduates form a rich source of potential gamete donors and it is imperative to assess their knowledge, attitude and willingness to participate in the expanding gamete donor programs in a developing country like Nigeria. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of participants about assisted reproduction and to further evaluate their willingness to donate gametes for assisted conception or act as surrogates. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 1150 participants consisting of 511 male students and 639 female students of the University of Ibadan. Participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. A semistructured, self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and willingness to participate in gamete donor programs. Participation was voluntary and data obtained was treated with utmost confidentiality. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS, New York) version 22. Descriptive statistics were generated, and the results summarized with the aid of a bar chart and frequency tables. Results: Eight seven percent of the respondents had good knowledge of Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) and the most common source of awareness was the media (63.3%). More respondents were aware of sperm donation (75.5%) compared to egg donation (61.9%). Ninety percent of the participants were correctly able to identify the places where ART could be practiced in Nigeria. Most of the respondents (81.5%) supported ART services and the most common reason for not supporting was due to ethical considerations (45.1%). Only about 54.9% were willing to participate in gamete donor programs. Nine (0.8%) female respondents had previously participated in egg (oocyte) donation while none of the male respondents had ever donated sperm. About threequarters of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge about the practice of surrogacy. Conclusion: Despite good knowledge about ART, only about half of the respondents were willing to participate in gamete donor programs. Religious and health concerns were primarily responsible for their reluctance. Providing Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials about the safety of ART will increase the level of awareness and confidence in ART thereby increasing participation by potential donors particularly undergraduates in a developing country like Nigeria. 1 results 1
- Background: Medication package inserts (MPIs) provides patients with appropriate information on the rational use of drugs. This study evaluated the level of conformity of MPIs with the regulatory drug labelling requirements and determined the readability of selected prescription MPIs. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six MPIs of commonly used and prescribed antilipidemics, anticonvulsants, anti-diabetes, antiarthritis and antihypertensives in Nigeria were retrieved from four pharmacies. The MPIs were evaluated on the availability of 20 items drug labelling requirements for prescription drugs by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). The readability of 31 randomly selected MPIs was assessed with seven readability measures. Primary outcomes were percentage conformity with the labelling requirements and reading grade level of the MPIs. Secondary outcomes were the MPIs sentence characteristics. Results: The percentage conformity with NAFDAC drug requirements of the MPIs ranged from 82.9% to 89.6%. All the MPIs included information on active ingredient(s), adverse drug reactions, and indications. Few MPIs, 46.8% had section on product net content and 53 (34.0%) omitted information on overdose. The reading grade level for the MPIs was 14.55 ± 1.71 (undergraduate level). Most of the MPIs, 25 (80.6%), were very difficult to read. Conclusion: The percentage conformity of the MPIs with NAFDAC drug labelling requirements was high though few vital information were missing in some MPIs. Majority of the MPIs were very difficult to read. The regulatory authority may need to optimize MPIs readability and conformity of content with drug labelling requirements prior to marketing. 1 results 1
- Background: Surgical outcomes study for individual nations remains important because of international differences in patterns of surgical disease. We aimed to contribute to data on post-operative complications, critical care admissions and mortality following elective surgery in Nigeria and also validate the African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) surgical risk calculator in our adult patient cohort. Materials and methods: We conducted a 7-day, national prospective observational cohort study in consented consecutive patients undergoing elective surgery with a planned overnight hospital stay following elective surgery during a seven-day study period. The outcome measures were in-hospital postoperative complications, critical care admissions and in-hospital mortality censored at 30 days. Also, we identified variables which significantly contributed to higher ASOS surgical risk score. External validation was performed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for discrimination assessment and Hosmer–Lemeshow test for calibration. Results: A total of 1,425 patients from 79 hospitals participated in the study. Postoperative complications occurred in 264(18.5%, 95% CI 16.6–20.6), 20(7.6%) of whom were admitted into the ICU and 16(6.0%) did not survive. Total ICU admission was 57 (4%), with mortality rate of 23.5% following planned admission and overall in-hospital death was 22(1.5%, 95% CI 0.9–2.2). All prognostic factors in the ASOS risk calculator were significantly associated with higher ASOS score and the scoring system showed moderate discrimination (0⋅73, 95% CI 0.62–0.83). Hosmer–Lemeshow χ2 test revealed scale was well calibrated in the validation cohort. Conclusion: NiSOS validates the findings of ASOS and the ability of the ASOS surgical risk calculator to predict risk of developing severe postoperative complications and mortality. We identified failure-to-rescue as a problem in Nigeria. Furthermore, this study has provided policy makers with benchmarks that can be used to monitor programmes aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality after elective surgery. We recommend the adoption of the ASOS surgical risk calculator as a tool for risk stratification preoperatively for elective surgery. 1 results 1
- Biogas yield 1 results 1
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