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Multi-dimensional poverty estimates for fishing households in the south-western zone of Nigeria
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Antimicrobial screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from poultry fecal littered soil in Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Diaspora is Not Like Home a Social And Economic History of Yoruba in Kano, 1912-1999
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- A study was carried out the Evaluation of Effects of Heavy Metals on Abundance and Diversity of Soil Mites in a tropical landfill in Ibadan from April to July 2003. Heavy metal sources from natural and the anthropogenic factors have increased their bioavailability and ecological impacts in the ecosystem. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of heavy metals on soil mites in a tropical landfill site in Ibadan. Five demarcated study plots at the landfill were randomly selected and marked out with a dimension of 10 metres by 10 metres with a Control site of the same dimension located at an elevated location about 100 metres away from the edge of the landfill. Soil samples at a depth of <10 cm were collected from the study plots using a hand trowel on a monthly basis. Buckard –Model of Berlesce-Tullgren funnel extractor was used to extract soil mites while the soil samples were acid-digested for heavy metal analyses using Shimadzu Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. With the exception Pb (1.99 ppm) at Plot 3, all the other mean heavy metals were below that of the Control Plot (6). Soil mite taxa had higher abundance and diversity at the Control plots than in the landfill. Heavy metals Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe concentrations in the study exceeded guideline limits set by the Federal Ministry of Environment (FEPA, 1992). The study concludes that the soil in Aba- Eku landfill in Ibadan is contaminated by heavy metals. 2 results 2
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- " The Aluminium Smelting Company, located in Ikot Abasi area, lies within the dominantly clastic rocks of the Benin Formation of the eastern Niger Delta. In order to evaluate the level of environmental contamination associated with this major industrial project, concentrations of trace elements and major elements in representative samples of soil, stream sediments and water in the vicinity of the industrial complex were determined by ICP-OES (for soil and stream sediments) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (for water). Samples from a control site, about 3km from the complex were also collected and analyzed for the same set of elements, Results revealed that concentrations of all the elements in the sampled materials were within background levels in comparison with those from the control site. The trace and major element variations show some slight decreasing concentration with increase distance from the factory site for mostly Pb, Zn Cu, Ni for the trace elements and Ca for the major element. There is no significant variation in the soil profile with depth for the elements. Generally, concentration of elements is in the order: Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu and Fe>Al>Ca>Mg>Na>K for the trace and major elements respectively. Computation of geo-accumulation index for the soils revealed no secondary enrichment. Application of R-mode factor analysis shows four groupings, reflecting lithological and environmental controls. The stream sediments show generally low concentrations that fall within the concentration range of sediments of similar provenance elsewhere. Metal concentration levels in the water show higher values for the surface water. Both hydrophysical and chemical parameters have slight elevated values when compared with the control and reflect a dominant geogenic source. Generally, they lie within the ambits of the World Health Organization (WHO) Standards of water quality and pose no threat to aquatic or human community. " 1 results 1
- "Optimal allocation of products to downstream locations is a major requirement for minimizing the distribution costs associated with supply chain systems. Unfortunately many supply chain managers rely on their intuition and feelings to make these allocation decisions. In this study a mathematical model was developed for minimizing the distribution cost in a multi-product 2-echleon supply chain system. The distribution system of a leading bottling plant in Nigeria was studied to understand the underlying supply chain system . Attempt was made to identify system parameters, variables, limitations, criteria so as to be able to define the distribution problem The interactions and flow of products in the system were identified and characterized as a 2 echelon supply chain system. Mathematical model of the system was developed. The problem model, a linear program formulation with three major constraints; demand, availability and company policy requirements was parameterised based on demand data product availability data, company policies and unit transportation costs to various downstream locations. The model was solved for a 12 product 8 destination case. It was observed that the model application produces 6% reduction in the distribution cost compared to the existing practice of the company. It is concluded that the model is effective to reduce or minimize distribution expenses for any multiproduct multiple destination system and fulfilling demand at various destinations. " 1 results 1
- "Subsurface samples from the Akinside 1582 well, located within the eastern Dahomey Basin were evaluated to determine the lithofacies, depositional environment, and hydrocarbon potential of the basin. The sediments within the interval 138-197m consist of limestones, shales, mudstone and glauconite; thus representing sediments belonging to the Ewekoro and Akinbo Formations. The limestones are greyish, highly indurated, partly recrystallised and reveal six microfacies notably biosparite, shelly biomicrite, biomicrite, pel-biosparite, sandy-pelmicrite and sandy-biomicrite. The presence of gastropods, pelecypods, echinoderm, coralline algae, foraminifera and other skeletal debris indicate a shallow marine environment of deposition for the limestone. Total organic carbon (TOC) for the sediments range from 0.10 to 0.58wt% and 0.59 to 0.62wt% for the Ewekoro and Akinbo Formations respectively while soluble organic matter (SOM) are correspondingly 392ppm and 887 to 2472ppm. These suggest a poor through moderate to adequate organic matter. Plot of HI versus Ol indicates Type III and IV kerogens. Tmax value range from 362 to 467°C and cross plot of HI versus Tmax points to mainly immature to early mature sediments. The terpanes and sterane distributions indicate a marginally mature status for the sediments. Pristane/phytane ratio ranges from 0.13 to 0.24 and 1.88 for the Akinbo and Ewekoro Formations respectively, thus indicating both anoxic and oxic conditions of deposition. The abundance of pentacyclic triterpane of oleanane and hopane skeletons and C27 to C29 regular steranes in the bitumen, indicate mixed source rocks (marine and terrestrial) for the sediments. However, ternary plot of C27, C29 and C29 steranes strongly amplify terrestrial organic matter with prospect to generate gas rather than oil in the basin at appropriate maturation. " 1 results 1
- "Subsurface samples of Mamu Formation from Ezimo 1235 and Enugu 1327 wells, located within the Anambra Basin were examined for organic geochemical characterization and biomarker content in order to determine the lithofacies association, hydrocarbon potential as well as the palaeodepositional environment. The sediments are made up of siltstone, dark coal, highly fissile shale and mudstone. Selected samples, made up of shale and coal from both wells were subjected to Rock Eval and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Results of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ranges from 5.15 to 69.56wt%, Soluble Organic Matter (SOM) values ranges from 286 to 1700ppm while the Generative Potential (GP) ranges from 10.02 to 311.86kgHC/t. These values suggest that the source rocks are moderately to fairly rich in organic matter. Hydrogen Index (HI) values range from 95-381 mgHC/gTOC and indicate types II and III kerogen. Cross plots of HI against OI signify types II and III kerogen which also indicate oil and gas prone source rocks. Tmax values of 422-437oC and Bitumen Ratio of 6.34 to 101.1 mg ext/gTOC signify low maturation level for the source rock. Ratios of C29 hopane βα/ αβ, C30 βα/αβ, and 22S/22S+22R C32 hopane range from 0.32 to 1.18; 0.21 to 0.57; and 0.13 to 0.52 respectively, and suggest immature organic matter status. Carbon Preference Index (CPI) value ranges from 1.33 to 1.97 suggests immature source rock of terrestrial origin. High values obtained from the C24 tetracyclic/C24 tricyclic terpanes and the C19/ C20 tricyclic terpane ratios, (1.52-2.64) and (0.54- 1.54) respectively, also portray terrigenous organic matter contribution. The presence of C27 to C29 steranes and diasteranes, signify mixed sources (marine and terrigenous) with prospects to generate both oil and gas; however, the dominance of C29 over C28 and C27 amplify higher contribution of terrigenous materials. The terrigenous input is further amplified by the Pr/Ph ratio ranging from 5.44 to 7.81. Cross plots of Pr/nC17 against Ph/nC18 also denote terrigenous sourced organic matter deposited in oxidizing environment. The high ratio of C30/C29Ts, indicates source rocks deposited under suboxic conditions. It can be deduced that the sediments are immature, and were deposited in a suboxic, low Eh environment. They are potential source rocks which are moderately to fairly rich in organic input with substantial amount of terrestrial organic matter, having prospects to generate gas at appropriate maturation. " 1 results 1
- "The level of water pollution by heavy metals (Cu, Zn,Co, Ni, As, Mn, Cd, Cr, Pb) in twelve selected water Dams in Osun state were determined in order to know their distribution and possible source into the dams. Their bottom sediment and water were collected for analysis. The result in sediment showed that the concentration of manganese is high in all the dams with values ranging from 21, 27-775.99mg/kg and it spreads across all the locations. Cobalt was detected only at one location with concentration of 3.01md/kg. The result in water analysis showed that the concentration of zinc is more than that of manganese, almost in all the dams. The values detected were between 0.0618lng/kg and 0.5068mg/kg while that of manganese was between 0.011 2mg/kg and 0.1887 mg/kg. Cobalt and cadmium were not detected in all the dams. The variation in the concentration of these metals in sediment and water may be due to chemical factors such as solubility, ion exchange ratio and electrochemical deposition. The concentrations of all metals detected were below the standard limit for the heavy metals in surface water according to Regulatory authority Specification. Meanwhile, bioaccumulation of these metals in tissue of the body may be toxic to human health. " 1 results 1
- "The movement of contaminated fluid from a solid waste landfill into a portable water aquifer located beneath is an example of unwanted underground flow with the problem of limited portion of land available for building construction in the cities, coupled with the rise in price of good and accessible land, there is a need for quick and urgent solutions to environmental pollution that may be resulted from this problem. In this research, a laboratory setup consisting of a big transparent cylindrical pipe 108 5cm long with radius 2 23cm was used as inlet pipe and five small equal transparent cylindrical pipes with radii 0.03cm were used as outlets, which were joined to the circular plastic plate on the top of the inlet pipe at different angles ranged from 0° to 90° from a normal point. The inlet pipe and outlets pipes were filled with samples of soil of different porosities and titled at different angles of inclination. The volume of water discharged was measured directly with measuring cylinder from the set-up in each case. The volumetric flow rate and volume flux were computed from the values of volume discharged. These were done in order to determine how the arrangement of porous material of different porosities with a particular angle of inclination can influence the deflection of fluid flow from its linear direction. This is sequel to its practical applications in designing a construction with a cross-section of soils in deflecting contaminated fluid from septic tank to different directions from the source of water within the same small portion of land. It was observed that angle of inclination does not have a significant effect on the deflection of fluid but volume flux increases with increasing angle of inclination. Also, the greater the difference in the porosity of the cross-section of the media in which the fluid is flowing the greater the volume flux However, the most suitable arrangement of cross-section of soils for deflection of fluid at higher angle from normal is when it flows through a medium of low porosity to that of higher porosity. " 1 results 1
- "The movement of contaminated fluid from a solid waste landfill into a portable water aquifer located beneath is an example of unwanted underground flow. With the problem of limited portion of land available for building construction in the cities, coupled with the rise in price of good and accessible land, there is a need for quick and urgent solutions to environmental pollution that may be resulted from this problem. In this research, a laboratory setup consisting of a big transparent cylindrical pipe 108.5cm long with radius 2.23cm was used as inlet pipe and five small equal transparent cylindrical pipes with radii 0.03cm were used as outlets, which were joined to the circular plastic plate on the top of the inlet pipe at different angles ranged from 00 to 900 from a normal point. The inlet pipe and outlets pipes were filled with samples of soil of different porosities and titled at different angles of inclination. The volume of water discharged was measured directly with measuring cylinder from the set-up in each case. The volumetric flow rate and volume flux were computed from the values of volume discharged. These were done in order to determine how the arrangement of porous material of different porosities with a particular angle of inclination can influence the deflection of fluid flow from its linear direction. This is sequel to its practical applications in designing a construction with a cross-section of soils in deflecting contaminated fluid from septic tank to different directions from the source of water within the same small portion of land. It was observed that angle of inclination does not have a significant effect on the deflection of fluid but volume flux increases with increasing angle of inclination. Also, the greater the difference in the porosity of the cross-section of the media in which the fluid is flowing the greater the volume flux. However, the most suitable arrangement of cross-section of soils for deflection of fluid at higher angle from normal is when it flows through a medium of low porosity to that of higher porosity. " 1 results 1
- "This study presents the mineralogical, textural and geochemical characteristics of the regional Maastrichtian Ajali Sandstone in Anambra Basin, SE Nigeria. The intent is to highlight possible constraints on the chemical weathering conditions of the source materials on one hand, and to infer the provenance on the other hand. The investigation approach involved field studies and collection of samples from 12 different outcrop locations, followed by laboratory studies involving grain-size analysis (GSA), major and trace elements analyses using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method as well as thin section petrography. Field studies show that the sandstones are friable at all locations and range in color from white in freshly cut stone, to reddish brown on weathering. In addition, the sandstone units are cross-bedded and show graded bedding exemplified by fining upward sequence. Textural examination indicates that the sandstones range from fine to medium sands, constituting about 76 to 99% sand fraction, with graphic mean grain size of 0.23 to 0.53 mm. Standard deviation (sorting) ranges from 0.56 to 1.24 Ø and implies moderately well sorted sediments. Inferred from the textural indices, the depo-environmental discrimination of the Ajali Sandstone revealed a fluvial/river system-dominated sedimentary process. The sandstones are quartz arenite with quartz greater than 90% and less than 5% K-feldspar which indicate a predominant basement source as also revealed by the heavy mineral assemblages. In addition, major elemental oxides shows SiO2 content greater than 96% for the fresh Ajali Sandstone samples with extreme depletion of mobile oxides such as Na2O, CaO and the ferromagnesian minerals through weathering and sedimentary processes. Provenance and tectonic setting discrimination using geochemical data and compositional maturity revealed typical felsic igneous-dominated cratonic environment while inter-elemental ratios (such as Zr/Cr, Y/Ni, Th/Sc, La/Sc and La/Co) and ternary plots (e.g. Th–Sc–Zr; La- Th–Sc and Th-Co-Zr) reflect passive continental margin setting for the Ajali Sandstone. Consequently, the source area is constrained to the Precambrian basement rock units of Adamawa-Oban massif areas to the east of the Anambra Basin and the adjacent Abakaliki Anticlinorium. " 1 results 1
- A number of factors persist to constrain the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) market and, by extension, its potential to contribute meaningfully to livelihood development and poverty reduction objectives. To better utilise the potential of NTFPs, it is important to have a better understanding of the key factors governing the success and failure of NTFPs trade. This paper reports on the market constraints and socio-economic factors that influence trade in five top-priority NTFPs within the tropical lowland rainforests of south-west Nigeria. The NTFPs investigated were bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis), African walnut (Plukenetia conophora), chew-stick (Massularia acuminata), fever bark (Annickia chlorantha) and bush pepper (Piper guineense). Field data were collected in 10 villages located within and around Omo and Shasha forest reserves using a household questionnaire survey. The results showed that seasonality, poor transport, lack of storage facilities and market information were the four main constraints influencing marketing and trade in the NTFPs. In addition, the level of education, gender (sex), household income, ethnicity, distance to the market and access to roads significantly influenced market knowledge and information among households involved in the trade of NTFPs. There is need to improve on the limited source of NTFPs information, enhance skills for product transformation, build innovative storage facilities, and develop the process of domestication and integration in traditional land-use systems. 1 results 1
- A study was undertaken to assess the tractor-hiring unit of Edo state, Nigeria. The criteria used were fleet of equipment, personnel and workshop facilities and its impact on the farming populace in the state. The study adopted the use of a questionnaire and interview schedules. Among the information requested from the respondents were access to services rendered by the unit and increment in farm sizes. Records available at the headquarters and zonal offices of the unit provided additional sources of information. The unit has seven Steyr, 18 Fiat and nine Massey Ferguson tractors, eight ploughs, 17 harrows, seven tipping trailers, two boom sprayers, one fertilizer spreader, three maize shellers, two rotary slashers, one drilling machine, two ridgers and a pick-up van which are located in the various zones of the unit. Most of these equipment are either functional or require minor repairs to be used on the field. There is sufficient number of tractors but insufficient implements to fully utilize them. Workshop facilities and personnel are inadequate. The maintenance culture adopted is customer motivated. This is not a good practice as it has resulted in about 12% of the equipment being abandoned as scraps. There has been a general increase in farm sizes since the introduction of the unit. Some old time peasant farmers have been able to increase the sizes of their cultivated farmlands from below 2.5ha to between 5 and 10ha, while the aggressive new entrants have also been able to establish sizeable farms of over 25ha. This has considerably increased their economic fortunes. Some farmers have however not benefited from the activities of the unit. Three reasons account for this, and these are inability to raise the cost of hiring, the remoteness of their farms, which make them inaccessible to farm machinery and their small holdings, usually below 2.5ha, for which the use of farm machinery is unprofitable. The unit has great potentials for improving the agricultural productivity of the state if the equipment available can be effectively utilized. Recommendations made towards achieving this goal include adoption of regular maintenance culture; staff recruitment, retraining and motivation; upgrading of workshop facilities and establishment of new ones in the zones, and adequate funding by the state government. 1 results 1
- AI 1 results 1
- Access 1 results 1
- Achievement in Basic Science and Technology 1 results 1
- African postcolonial text 1 results 1
- Age-long interventions 1 results 1
- Agricultural information 1 results 1
- Agricultural insurance 1 results 1
- Agro-waste 1 results 1
- Ajali, 1 results 1
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