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EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF SOIL MITES IN A TROPICAL LANDFILL
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EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF SOIL MITES IN A TROPICAL LANDFILL
Published 2016Call Number: Loading…
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THE SOCIAL RELATIONS OF IMPORTED USED ELECTRONICS MERCHANDISE IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- A study was carried out the Evaluation of Effects of Heavy Metals on Abundance and Diversity of Soil Mites in a tropical landfill in Ibadan from April to July 2003. Heavy metal sources from natural and the anthropogenic factors have increased their bioavailability and ecological impacts in the ecosystem. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of heavy metals on soil mites in a tropical landfill site in Ibadan. Five demarcated study plots at the landfill were randomly selected and marked out with a dimension of 10 metres by 10 metres with a Control site of the same dimension located at an elevated location about 100 metres away from the edge of the landfill. Soil samples at a depth of <10 cm were collected from the study plots using a hand trowel on a monthly basis. Buckard –Model of Berlesce-Tullgren funnel extractor was used to extract soil mites while the soil samples were acid-digested for heavy metal analyses using Shimadzu Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. With the exception Pb (1.99 ppm) at Plot 3, all the other mean heavy metals were below that of the Control Plot (6). Soil mite taxa had higher abundance and diversity at the Control plots than in the landfill. Heavy metals Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe concentrations in the study exceeded guideline limits set by the Federal Ministry of Environment (FEPA, 1992). The study concludes that the soil in Aba- Eku landfill in Ibadan is contaminated by heavy metals. 2 results 2
- Catheter 2 results 2
- Complications 2 results 2
- Haemodialysis vascular access 2 results 2
- Heavy metals|| Soil mites|| Landfill|| Abundance|| Diversity|| Tropics 2 results 2
- Introduction: vascular access is an important aspect of haemodialysis treatments and determinant of patient outcomes. Arteriovenous (AV) fistula has been described as the preferred haemodialysis vascular access for patients on chronic dialysis. There continues to be a challenge with the creation of AV fistula, due to shortage of vascular surgeons skilled in the AV fistula creation particularly in source limited setting. We described the outcomes of the tunneled internal jugular venous catheters amongst our patients at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan. Methods: a retrospective study of patients on maintenance haemodialysis at the UCH, Ibadan, we reviewed the records of all patients on chronic dialysis over a period of 5 years. Information obtained include demographics, types and aetiology of renal failure, types of vascular access, observed complications and outcomes. Results: a total number of 147 catheters were inserted during the period under review, 94 were males while 53 were females. The age range was 18-85 years while the mean age was 46.3 ± 17.2 years. The range and mean duration for Tunneled Dialysis Catheter (TDC) carriage were (30 - 1,440) and 220±185 days respectively. The observed immediate complications of TDCs were failed first attempt 7(4.7%), reactionary haemorrhage 5(3.4%), arrhythmia 3(2.0%), haemothorax 2(1.4%) while death during catheter placement was recorded in 2(1.4%) cases. Catheter related infection was the commonest long-term complications and occurred in 15 cases (10.1%), while being diabetic increased the risk of developing catheter related complications. One tenth of our patients with End Stage Renal Disease on TDC had kidney transplantation while catheter related mortality was 16.3%. Conclusion: internal jugular tunneled dialysis catheters despite its shortcomings, has been a safe procedure with good outcomes among our patients on maintenance haemodialysis. 2 results 2
- Nigeria 2 results 2
- outcomes 2 results 2
- "The movement of contaminated fluid from a solid waste landfill into a portable water aquifer located beneath is an example of unwanted underground flow with the problem of limited portion of land available for building construction in the cities, coupled with the rise in price of good and accessible land, there is a need for quick and urgent solutions to environmental pollution that may be resulted from this problem. In this research, a laboratory setup consisting of a big transparent cylindrical pipe 108 5cm long with radius 2 23cm was used as inlet pipe and five small equal transparent cylindrical pipes with radii 0.03cm were used as outlets, which were joined to the circular plastic plate on the top of the inlet pipe at different angles ranged from 0° to 90° from a normal point. The inlet pipe and outlets pipes were filled with samples of soil of different porosities and titled at different angles of inclination. The volume of water discharged was measured directly with measuring cylinder from the set-up in each case. The volumetric flow rate and volume flux were computed from the values of volume discharged. These were done in order to determine how the arrangement of porous material of different porosities with a particular angle of inclination can influence the deflection of fluid flow from its linear direction. This is sequel to its practical applications in designing a construction with a cross-section of soils in deflecting contaminated fluid from septic tank to different directions from the source of water within the same small portion of land. It was observed that angle of inclination does not have a significant effect on the deflection of fluid but volume flux increases with increasing angle of inclination. Also, the greater the difference in the porosity of the cross-section of the media in which the fluid is flowing the greater the volume flux However, the most suitable arrangement of cross-section of soils for deflection of fluid at higher angle from normal is when it flows through a medium of low porosity to that of higher porosity. " 1 results 1
- "The movement of contaminated fluid from a solid waste landfill into a portable water aquifer located beneath is an example of unwanted underground flow. With the problem of limited portion of land available for building construction in the cities, coupled with the rise in price of good and accessible land, there is a need for quick and urgent solutions to environmental pollution that may be resulted from this problem. In this research, a laboratory setup consisting of a big transparent cylindrical pipe 108.5cm long with radius 2.23cm was used as inlet pipe and five small equal transparent cylindrical pipes with radii 0.03cm were used as outlets, which were joined to the circular plastic plate on the top of the inlet pipe at different angles ranged from 00 to 900 from a normal point. The inlet pipe and outlets pipes were filled with samples of soil of different porosities and titled at different angles of inclination. The volume of water discharged was measured directly with measuring cylinder from the set-up in each case. The volumetric flow rate and volume flux were computed from the values of volume discharged. These were done in order to determine how the arrangement of porous material of different porosities with a particular angle of inclination can influence the deflection of fluid flow from its linear direction. This is sequel to its practical applications in designing a construction with a cross-section of soils in deflecting contaminated fluid from septic tank to different directions from the source of water within the same small portion of land. It was observed that angle of inclination does not have a significant effect on the deflection of fluid but volume flux increases with increasing angle of inclination. Also, the greater the difference in the porosity of the cross-section of the media in which the fluid is flowing the greater the volume flux. However, the most suitable arrangement of cross-section of soils for deflection of fluid at higher angle from normal is when it flows through a medium of low porosity to that of higher porosity. " 1 results 1
- Actor-merchants 1 results 1
- Agricultural students 1 results 1
- Amaranthus caudatus 1 results 1
- Background: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a growing public health challenge among Nigerian adolescents. Significant information gap exists on the school-related factors which influence the participation of adolescents in school-based physical activity programmes in Nigeria. This study was conducted to document the qualitative views of school principals and teachers on the barriers and opportunities for promoting the physical activity behaviours of adolescents within the school settings in light of the socio-ecological model. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 12 public and private schools in two local government areas of Oyo state, Nigeria. Two key sources and data collection methods (i.e key informant interviews and focus group discussions) were used. Six key informant interviews were held with school principals and six focus group discussions with classroom teachers using pre-tested guides. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Fourteen sub-themes were identified as barriers to PA and linked to different levels of the socio-ecological model. Three themes were categorised as parental factors, three themes as socio-cultural and religious factors while the school-related factors had eight sub-themes. Specifically, the school-related barriers were the declining numberof trained physical health education teachers, limited opportunities for continuing education and low prioritisation of physical health education. Other school-related factors such as increasing demand for classroom academic time, negative attitudinal dispositions of other teachers and inadequate funding for schools which hampered the provision of facilities and equipment were identified as factors that limit the effective implementation of policies and programmes for physical activity in schools. Opportunities to promote PA within the school settings during assemblies, breaktime, after-school and inter-house sports competition exist. However, these opportunities are hampered by competing academic time, security threats, fear of causalities to students due to poor supervision after school, poor funding and brawling associated with competitive school-based sporting events. Conclusions: Factors that contribute to insufficient physical activity among in-school adolescents in the school settings are multi-factorial. Implementation of holistic, multi-component interventions which address the social-cultural and school-level factors and enhance students’ opportunities for physical activity in schools are recommended. 1 results 1
- Bacterial pathogens 1 results 1
- Bacteriological analysis 1 results 1
- Behaviour 1 results 1
- Biotechnology 1 results 1
- Community participation 1 results 1
- Consumers 1 results 1
- Diseases 1 results 1
- End-of-life utility 1 results 1
- Environmental noise 1 results 1
- Financing Agents 1 results 1
- Financing Sources 1 results 1
- GSM operators 1 results 1
- GSM subscribers 1 results 1
- Healthcare policy initiatives have often failed to achieve the set goal of providing access to basic health services in Nigeria. Although implementation studies have sought to explain healthcare policy at both the international and national levels, few studies have focused at the sub-national level of the states and local governments (LGs). Also, the few studies on Plateau State healthcare delivery have been done largely by donor agencies with limited focus on political economy of healthcare policy and primary healthcare (PHC) delivery. This study, therefore, examined the implementation of PHC policy in Plateau State from a political economy perspective, from 1990 to 2010. Political Economy provided the theoretical basis. The study adopted survey and case study research designs. Using a two-stage random sampling method, 903 households from 12 health districts drawn proportionately, covering rural and urban populations of the state, responded to copies of a user-based questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex and education), healthcare financing, provision and utilisation of health services and management variables. Thirty key informant interviews were conducted with key government officials, past and current commissioners for health, LGs’ chairmen and traditional birth attendants. Secondary data were sourced on policy achievement indicators from the Plateau State Health Strategic Plan 2010, National Bureau of Statistics: Annual Abstract of Statistics and Statistical fact sheet. Fund, human resources, health facility ratio, quality of service, under-5 mortality, community participation/stakeholder frameworks, and political/bureaucratic commitment were variables used for the analysis. Quantitative data were analysed, using descriptive and regression statistics at p<0.5 level of significance and qualitative data were content analysed. Respondents’ age was 43.1 ± 13.3 years and 55.5% were females while those with secondary and post-secondary education constituted 70.5% and 17.6% had primary education. There was no significant difference in the type of services rendered and the quality of services provided (F value = 33.318). Majority of respondents (80%) indicated poor quality services. The health sector was poorly funded with an average budget of 6% and 1% per annum at the state and LG levels respectively. High cost of medical services forced the rural populace to patronise quack chemists and traditional healers. There were 327 nurses/midwives in 908 PHCs across the LGs in the state, a ratio of 0.3/PHC against the minimum 4/facility national standard. Healthcare professional ratio was 1.4/1,000 population compared to national standard of 2/1,000, and World Health Organisation standard of 2.5/1000. Under-5 mortality was at an average of 2.6%. Poor community participation resulted from lack of clearly-stated roles and responsibilities and lack of clear guidelines for collaboration among stakeholders. Decentralised healthcare givers were not empowered to take decisions that can enhance their performance. Poor attitude to work, corruption and ineffective accountability weighed heavily on implementation. The objectives of the primary healthcare policy were not fully achieved due to poor implementation. Policy action deviated from policy intention because of lack of commitment, limited fund and unclear guidelines for collaboration and participation and therefore resulting in performance and interaction deficits among stakeholders 1 results 1
- Imported Used Electronics (IUEs) are officially conceived in research oriented policy as potential and actual toxic “solid waste”, yet Nigeria remains a high consumer demand economy for them. IUEs include electronic monitors, digital devices, docking stations, cell phones, hand-held diagnostics, screening tools, television sets among others. Nigerian economy has evolved a socially constructed merchandise structure, which sustains IUEs trade. Literature, however limits IUEs discourses to pure-scientific framing of toxicology and dump in the Third World countries. This study, therefore, examined the subjective meanings that sustain the demand and merchandise of IUEs against official prohibition. Social action theory guided the study. The research design was exploratory. The qualitative research method was used. Data were generated from both primary and secondary sources. The research area was Lagos, and data were collected from Ikeja Computer Village, Westminster Used Electronics Market, Alaba International Market, Apapa Customs Office (ACO) and National Environmental Standards and Regulatory Enforcement Agency (NESREA). Participants were selected through purposive and snow-balling techniques. Non-participant observation for 15 months, In-depth Interviews (IDIs) were held with 22 IUE consumers and 22 market-actors. A total of 15 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were held with ACO officers (three), Association Heads of the three markets (eight) and veteran market actors (four). Six FGDs were conducted with IUEs consumers and market-actors, while five case studies were carried out on large scale consumers and market actors with at least 10 years working experience in IUEs merchandizing. Secondary data were sourced from NESREA and Basel Convention Coordinating Centre for Training and Technology Transfer for African Region, Ibadan. Data obtained were content analyzed. Demand for IUEs was hinged on peculiar social relations of consumption and merchandising which rationalized and constructed IUEs as desirable and affordable modern material objects. This relations involved processes of upgrading “solid waste” into tradable commodities infused with deluxe values and potentialities for leveling class. Artful transactions involved offer of disused electronics to market-actors in exchange for upgraded IUEs at a little token. A structure of interdependent actors sustained the IUEs merchandise. It included official gatekeepers such as Customs and NESREA, whose variable roles sustained entry of solid wastes into the market as IUEs; and administrators, merchants and interlinks-security who provided administrative, economic and coercive functions respectively. Furthermore, resuscitators upgrade otherwise wastes into merchandisable goods. Scavengers-collectors extract the irredeemable from merchants, to scrap-collectors who trade them to bulk-scrap-buyers. Bulk-buyers in turn, trade the scraps to domestic iron-smelting companies and/or illegally export them. In essence, IUEs remained tradable even in their end-of-life stages. Thus, local meanings of utility of IUEs and of employment potentialities were constructed against official policy perception of them as solid waste. Through a structured system of market interactions, actor-merchants contrived utility for Imported Used Electronics in the process of merchandise and consumption. Government should therefore accommodate local realities in order to proffer inclusive and robust IUEs policy. 1 results 1
- Imported used electronics 1 results 1
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