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Noise Exposure, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension as Predictors of Hearing Loss among Elderly Patients in Selected Teaching Hospitals in South - West, Nigeria
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Knowledge and perception about family planning among women in selected rural communities of Ibadan
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The need for integration of cervical cancer screening into family planning services among women in Ibadan, Nigeria: A cross sectional study.
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Islamic development bank’s microfinance support programme and the growth of small scale enterprises in Nigeria
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Thinking beyond the present: advocating continuity of practice of emergency remote teaching in Higher Education Institutions in Nigeria
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 7 results 7
- Education 3 results 3
- Africa 2 results 2
- HIV/AIDS 2 results 2
- Nigeria’s crises of development are more evident in her persistently poor electric power regime. This paper focuses on the consequences of use of gasoline generators as alternative source of energy among business operators in Ibadan. Data were collected from 543 questionnaire responses, 15 In-depth Interviews and 6 Focus Group Discussions. Findings revealed that 83.6 percent of the respondents often utilized gasoline generators and 76.8 percent could not do without it. While the respondents perceived headache, cough, catarrh and respiratory tract infection as major health consequences, reduction in profit (33.7 percent) and low sales/service delivery (25.2 percent) were identified as negative economic effects of reliance on generators. Their coping strategies included regular medical check-up, nose-mask and bulk sales. Intensifying efforts at stabilizing electric power supply will go a long way to improving the health and socio-economic conditions of small and medium scale entrepreneurs and ultimately sustainable development. 2 results 2
- Prevalence and Conservation Strategies 2 results 2
- The study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and utilization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) plant species in Omo and Shasha Forest Reserves, Southwestern Nigeria. Data were obtained through the use of structured questionnaires administered to households in forest communities. To complement information from the household survey, focus group discussions (FGDs) were also carried out in each of the sampled communities. In-depth interview (IDI) of forestry staff was further used to supplement the information collected. A simple random sampling technique was employed for the study. In Omo Forest Reserve (OFR), a total of seventy five species distributed in forty three families were recorded, while fifty six species in thirty one families were documented in Shasha Forest Reserve (SFR). Local end-uses of NTFPs include food and food supplements, snacks/sweeteners, wrapping leaves, soup and spices, beverages, dental care supplies, washing tools, roofing/construction materials, medicine and traditional rites items. While access to these resources is important to guarantee the socio-economic well being of the forest dwellers and communities, their sustainable management has not been taken seriously by policy makers thereby contributing to reduction of biodiversity and gradual but irretrievable loss of indigenous knowledge on the uses of most species. To ensure the sustainable utilization of NTFPs in these and similar tropical forest environments therefore, a number of conservation approaches are proposed. 2 results 2
- "Forest outputs are broadly classified into timber and Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). While the timber component has been widely acknowledged as great contributor to both national and local economies, the equally important non-timber component had received little attention from social scientists and development planners until very recently. Non-timber forest products are all those goods and services of biological origin obtained from forests or associated ecosystems, which contribute directly or indirectly to human welfare. The non-timber forest products contribute immensely to household food security and income generation in Nigeria. Hence they play a significant role in rural poverty reduction. In Nigeria poverty, incidence had increased from 27.2% in 1980 to 65.6% in 1996. This disturbing trend has prompted the federal government and international agencies to formulate various programs aimed at reducing the poverty incidence in the country. Many of such programs have however failed to achieve the desired objectives because they failed to understand the intimate relationship between the rural people and their immediate environment. The poor depends largely on land and various plants and animal resources obtainable from it. The closely interwoven relationship between the people and their biotic environment should be carefully understood and adjusted in such a way that the ecosystem balance is sustained. This study examines the significant roles played by non-timber forest products in rural livelihood sustenance in Nigeria. Various strategies for sustainable production and utilization of the products are discussed. " 1 results 1
- "This study investigated the effectiveness of self-efficacy training in reducing test anxiety among student nurses. Fifty-one final year students of school of Nursing Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria were used for the study. The research adopted the 2x2 quasi experimental design and the major instruments used for the study were Sarason Text Anxiety Scale and the usual class achievement tests. The data were analyzed with the aid of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings indicate that the participants exposed to self-efficacy training showed a significant improvement in their academic performance than those in control group. Also, it was found that test anxiety when not properly managed has a significant negative effect on academic performance of students and that there are interactions effects between test anxiety and self-efficacy on the academic performance of the participant. It is recommended that self-efficacy strategies should be used for the treatment of test anxiety either for diminishing the crippling effects of test anxiety or to teach students how to utilize the anxiety to their advantage. " 1 results 1
- Aba Market Women Association 1 results 1
- Abiye Scheme 1 results 1
- Achievement 1 results 1
- Adolescent 1 results 1
- Africa. 1 results 1
- After a careful analytical observation, Primary Education which is the foundation upon which further education is built is considered not to be at its best presently in Nigeria. The mode of instruction used by teachers of Mathematics (being a core subject) seems to be contributory to the performance of pupils in primary schools. This study investigated the effect of Bilingual teaching Strategy on pupils’ achievement in Mathematics with the view to improving such. The research adopted the pre-test, post-test control group using 2×2 factorial matrix. The subjects consisted of 141 primary five pupils. Two local governments were randomly selected out of the four local governments in Oyo town. Each of the local government was clustered into two groups; two schools were randomly selected from the two groups and randomly assigned to treatment, making four schools. Four instruments, namely; Mathematics Achievement Test, Pupils Attitude Scale, Teacher Instructional Guide on Bilingual Teaching Strategy and Conventional Teaching Strategy, were used to collect data. Three hypotheses were tested and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The result of the study showed that there was a significant effect of treatment (teaching strategies) on pupils’ achievement. [F (1,141) =185.372, P< 0.05]. Mean score of Bilingual teaching strategy is ( =13.67), and conventional group (control) scored the least ( =7.10) in achievement in Mathematics. It revealed no significant main effect of attitude [F (1, 141) =1.258, P>0.05]. Findings also imply that pupils’ attitude does not serve as hindrance to their achievement in Mathematics; among other discoveries. The work, therefore, recommends, inter-alia, that Mathematics teachers should utilize bilingual approach to support teaching of Mathematics in primary schools to enhance pupils’ performance. 1 results 1
- Agricultural Information 1 results 1
- Although successive governments and international organisations have tried to address the issue of poverty, the effects of their strategies and programmes have not made much impact on the poor. There is a need to search for better ways or strategies of implementing poverty reduction programmes to make them more effective and sustainable. The paper, therefore, enumerates the causes of poverty and the attempts of the past governments in Nigeria to alleviate it. It discusses how Islamic banking products can be utilized to alleviate poverty. It is easy to empower the poor and alleviate poverty in an Islamic economy through the use of the Islamic banking products, Zakat (alms) and qard hasan (good loan). Creation of jobs for both skilled and unskilled workers in the country is possible through Islamic finance. 1 results 1
- Although there is plethora of studies on goal setting skills, there is paucity of experimental studies on this field. This study examined the comparative effectiveness of Mental Contrasting Therapy (MCT) and Self-Regulation Strategies (SRS) on enhancing goal setting skills of students in urban Nigeria. A group of 120 students (male=52, female=68) with age range of 14-17years and mean age of ≥ 13.5years were purposively drawn from secondary schools in urban Nigeria. Each of the intervention groups was exposed to 10 sessions of therapy designed to improve their goal setting skills. The control group served as comparison group. The result revealed a significant main effect of treatments on goal setting skills (F(2,105) =14.958, p<0.05) with the intervention groups demonstrating greater ability to utilize the acquired skills than the comparison group as evidenced on the mean score. The effect size reveals that treatment accounted for 22.2% (η2=0.222) change in the participants’ goal setting skills. Participants treated with SRS reported higher mean score at post-test (X=69.09) when compared with their counterpart in MCT group (X=66.93). Self-efficacy and gender have significant interactive effect with treatments F(4,105) = 6.375, p<0.05, η2=0.195 and F(2,105) =13.561, p<0.01, η2=0.205 respectively. The researchers concluded that though the two therapies were effective, SRS was more potent in enhancing goal setting skills of the participants. 1 results 1
- Aminoglycosides 1 results 1
- Antenatal care 1 results 1
- Arts & Humanities 1 results 1
- Attitude, 1 results 1
- Available information on medicinal plants indicates habitat loss and has heightened the need for more proactive conservation strategies. Conservation efforts in this direction resulted in an eco-pharmacological survey in the West African sub-region by three countries (Nigeria, Ghana and Republic of Benin) to assess frequently used medicinal plants. The result of the socio-economic study based on utilization pattern regionally was used to produce a list of ten topmost frequently used and mentioned medicinal plants regionally and was subsequently adopted for the eco-pharmacological study in Nigeria. The list was super-imposed on a vegetation map of Nigeria for study sites selection in the species range. Selection criteria were based on the presence of at least one or more members of the medicinal plants in each location. Subsequently these plants were monitored range-wide for phenological behaviors for two seasons (dry and raining seasons) for two consecutive years. Findings indicated that the ten medicinal plants belonged to nine taxonomic families and are represented in the three plant habits. Flowering was majorly a dry season event (November to February) extending to early rains (March to April) in the species of the southern range (lowland and derived ecozones). Fruiting was typical of early rains increasing northwards (March to July). For short duration flowering species (Pcynanthus angolensis, Alstonea bonnie and Rauvolfia vomitoria), fruiting occurred late in dry season (December to February). Mean flowering duration ranged between (9.45 ± 1.73 to 45.68 ± 4.77) days, while mean fruiting duration ranged between (15.22 ± 2.15 to 145. 87 ± 8.59) days. Phenological charts were used to depict the phenological trends for the different species. The provision of this information offers a useful tool-kit for medicinal plants genetic resources monitoring, management and appropriate conservation strategies in Nigeria 1 results 1
- Background Completing maternity continuum of care from pregnancy to postpartum is a core strategy to reduce the burden of maternal and neonatal mortality dominant in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Nigeria. Thus, we evaluated the level of completion, dropout and predictors of women uptake of optimal antenatal care (ANC) in pregnancy, continuation to use of skilled birth attendants (SBA) at childbirth and postnatal care (PNC) utilization at postpartum in Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative 21,447 pregnancies that resulted to births within five years preceding the 2018 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey. Maternity continuum of care model pathway based on WHO recommendation was the outcome measure while explanatory variables were classified as; socio-demographic, maternal and birth characteristics, pregnancy care quality, economic and autonomous factors. Descriptive statistics describes the factors, backward stepwise regression initially assessed association (p<0.10), multivariable binary logistic regression and complementary-log–log model quantifies association at a 95% confidence interval (α=0.05). Results Coverage decrease from 75.1% (turn-up at ANC) to 56.7% (optimal ANC) and to 37.4% (optimal ANC and SBA) while only 6.5% completed the essential continuum of care. Dropout in the model pathway however increase from 17.5% at ANC to 20.2% at SBA and 30.9% at PNC. Continuation and completion of maternity care are positively drive by women; with at least primary education (AOR=1.27, 95%CI=1.01–1.62), average wealth index (AOR=1.83, 95%CI=1.48 –2.25), southern geopolitical zone (AOR=1.61, 95%CI=1.29–2.01), making health decision alone (AOR=1.39, 95%CI=1.16–1.66), having nurse as ANC provider (AOR=3.53, 95%CI=2.01–6.17) and taking at least two dose of tetanus toxoid vaccine (AOR=1.25, 95%CI=1.06–1.62) while women in rural residence (AOR=0.78, 95%CI=0.68–0.90) and initiation of ANC as late as third trimester (AOR=0.44, 95%CI=0.34–0.58) negatively influenced continuation and completion. Conclusions 6.5% coverage in maternity continuum of care completion is very low and far below the WHO recommended level in Nigeria. Women dropout more at postnatal care than at skilled delivery and antenatal. Education, wealth, women health decision power and tetanus toxoid vaccination drives continuation and completion of maternity care. Strategies optimizing these factors in maternity packages will be supreme to strengthen maternal, newborn and child health. 1 results 1
- Background: Cervical Cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer in women after breast cancer in the developing countries. It has been reported that case fatality rate (CFR) of CC is high especially at the late and invasive stage. Available statistics shows that majority of women are unaware of CC nor utilized screening services as these have remained low in the developing world. Objectives: To evaluate the perceived consequences of late CC diagnosis and utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services (CCSS) among gynaecology clinic attendees in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 138 women and undergoing treatment for gynaecological condition in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. They were selected through simple random sampling method. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire after obtaining ethics approval and informed consent from the participants. Data was analysed using Stata statistical software for windows version 14; Chi-square test was used to determine associations between the variables with significant level of p<0.05. Results: Most respondents 78(56.5%) lacked understanding of consequences of late diagnosis of CC and only 27(19.6%) of the respondents had ever utilized CCSS. There is significant association between: perceived consequences and readiness to be screened for CC (-44.142, p<0.001); educational level and readiness to utilize CCSS (=18.125, p<0.006) as well as knowledge and readiness for CCSS (38.818, p<0.001). No significant association was found between perceived consequences of late diagnosis of CC and utilization of CCSS (=0.013, P=0.910) but educational level and utilization of CCSS has significant association (2=8.998, p=0.029). Conclusions: Since most women attending the gynaecological clinic have not utilized cervical cancer screening services and have poor perception about the consequences of late diagnosis. There is need for structured educational strategies to improve knowledge of consequences of not screening for cervical cancer. 1 results 1
- Background: Depression is a common and severe disorder among low-income adolescent mothers in low-and middle-income countries where resources for treatment are limited. We wished to identify factors influencing health service utilization for adolescent perinatal depression, in Nigeria to inform new strategies of care delivery. Methods: Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted among purposively selected low-income young mothers (with medical histories of adolescent perinatal depression), and separately with primary care clinicians treating this condition in Ibadan, Nigeria. Participants from this community-based study were from the database of respondents who participated in a previous randomized control trial (RCT) conducted between 2014 and 2016 in 28 primary health care facilities in the 11 Local government areas in Ibadan. Semi-structured interview guides, framed by themes of the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations, was developed to obtain views of participants on the factors that promote or hinder help-seeking and engagement (see additional files 1 & 2). FGDs were conducted, and saturation of themes was achieved after discussions with six groups. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Results: A total of 42 participants, 17 mothers (who were adolescents at the time of the RCT), and 25 care providers participated in 6 FGDs. The availability of care for perinatal depression at the primary care level was an important enabling factor in healthcare utilization for the adolescents. Perceived health benefits of treatment received for perinatal depression were strong motivation for service use. Significant stigma and negative stereotypes expressed by care providers towards adolescent pregnancy and perinatal depression were obstacles to care. However, individual patient resilience was a major enabling factor, facilitating service engagement. Providers trained in the management of perinatal depression were perceived to deliver more tolerant and supportive care that adolescent mothers valued. Conclusions: Participants identified unsupportive and stigmatizing clinic environments towards pregnant and parenting adolescents as significant barriers to accessing available care. Interventions to reduce stigma among healthcare providers may improve services for this vulnerable population. 1 results 1
- Background: Given the limited healthcare resources in low and middle income countries (LMICs), effective rehabilitation strategies that can be realistically adopted in such settings are required. Objective: A systematic review of literature was conducted to identify pragmatic solutions and outcomes capable of enhancing stroke recovery and quality of life of stroke survivors for low- and middle- income countries. Methods: PubMed, HINARI, and Directory of Open Access Journals databases were searched for published Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) till November 2018. Only completed trials published in English with non-pharmacological interventions on adult stroke survivors were included in the review while published protocols, pilot studies and feasibility analysis of trials were excluded. Obtained data were synthesized thematically and descriptively analyzed. Results: One thousand nine hundred and ninety six studies were identified while 347 (65.22% high quality) RCTs were found to be eligible for the review. The most commonly assessed variables (and outcome measure utility) were activities of daily living [75.79% of the studies, with Barthel Index (37.02%)], motor function [66.57%; with Fugl Meyer scale (71.88%)], and gait [31.12%; with 6min walk test (38.67%)]. Majority of the innovatively high technology interventions such as robot therapy (95.24%), virtual reality (94.44%), transcranial direct current stimulation (78.95%), transcranial magnetic stimulation (88.0%) and functional electrical stimulation (85.00%) were conducted in high income countries. Several traditional and low-cost interventions such as constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), resistant and aerobic exercises (R&AE), task-oriented therapy (TOT), body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) were reported to significantly contribute to the recovery of motor function, activity, participation, and improvement of quality of life after stroke. Conclusion: Several pragmatic, in terms of affordability, accessibility and utility, stroke rehabilitation solutions, and outcome measures that can be used in resource-limited settings were found to be effective in facilitating and enhancing post-stroke recovery and quality of life. 1 results 1
- Background: In resource-limited settings, HIV-1 drug resistance testing to guide antiretroviral therapy (ART) selection is unavailable. We retrospectively conducted genotypic analysis on archived samples from Nigerian patients who received targeted viral load testing to confirm treatment failure and report their drug resistance mutation patterns. Methods: Stored plasma from 349 adult patients on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) regimens was assayed for HIV-1 RNA viral load, and samples with more than 1000 copies/ml were sequenced in the pol gene. Analysis for resistance mutations utilized the IAS-US 2011 Drug Resistance Mutation list. Results: One hundred and seventy-five samples were genotyped; the majority of the subtypes were G (42.9%) and CRF02_AG (33.7%). Patients were on ART for a median of 27 months. 90% had the M184V/I mutation, 62% had at least one thymidine analog mutation, and 14% had the K65R mutation. 97% had an NNRTI resistance mutation and 47% had at least two etravirine-associated mutations. In multivariate analysis tenofovir-based regimens were less likely to have at least three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations after adjusting for subtype, previous ART, CD4, and HIV viral load [P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 0.04]. 70% of patients on tenofovir-based regimens had at least two susceptible NRTIs to include in a second-line regimen compared with 40% on zidovudine-based regimens (P ¼ 0.04, OR ¼ 3.4). Conclusions: At recognition of treatment failure, patients on tenofovir-based first-line regimens had fewer NRTI drug-resistant mutations and more active NRTI drugs available for second-line regimens. These findings can inform strategies for ART regimen sequencing to optimize long-term HIV treatment outcomes in low-resource settings. 1 results 1
- Background: More involvement of sub-Saharan African countries in biomedical studies, specifically in genetic research, is needed to advance individualized medicine that will benefit non-European populations. Missing infrastructure, cultural and religious beliefs as well as lack of understanding of research benefits can pose a challenge to recruitment. Here we describe recruitment efforts for a large genetic study requiring three-generation pedigrees within the Yoruba homelands of Nigeria. The aim of the study was to identify genes responsible for keloids, a wound healing disorder. We also discuss ethical and logistical considerations that we encountered in preparation for this research endeavor. Methods: Protocols for this bi-national intercultural study were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the US and the ethics committees of the Nigerian institutions for consideration of cultural differences. Principles of community based participatory research were employed throughout the recruitment process. Keloid patients (patient advisors), community leaders, kings/chiefs and medical directors were engaged to assist the research teams with recruitment strategies. Community meetings, church forums, and media outlets (study flyers, radio and TV announcements) were utilized to promote the study in Nigeria. Recruitment of research participants was conducted by trained staff from the local communities. Pedigree structures were re-analyzed on a regular basis as new family members were recruited and recruitment challenges were documented. Results: Total recruitment surpassed 4200 study participants over a 7-year period including 79 families with complete three-generation pedigrees. In 9 families more than 20 family members participated, however, in 5 of these families, we encountered issues with pedigree structure as members from different branches presented inconsistent family histories. These issues were due to the traditional open family structure amongst the Yoruba and by beliefs in voodoo or in juju. In addition, family members living in other parts of the country or abroad complicated timely and complete family recruitment. Conclusions: Organizational, logistics and ethics challenges can be overcome by additional administrative efforts, good communication, community involvement and education of staff members. However, recruitment challenges due to infrastructural shortcomings or cultural and religious beliefs can lead to significant delays, which may negatively affect study time lines and expectations of funding agencies. 1 results 1
- Background: Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains the main mode of acquisition of HIV in children. Transmission of HIV may occur during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding. Studies have shown that some specific interventions help to reduce the transmission of the virus to the baby. In order to target safe, rational and effective intervention to reduce MTCT of HIV, it is necessary to ensure that the nurse/midwife has knowledge of the strategies for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. Method: The cross-sectional design was utilized to determine the knowledge and behaviour of nurse/midwives in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The study sample consisted of 155 nurse/midwives drawn from three selected hospitals through stratified random sampling method. Official permission was obtained from the institutions and consent from participants. Data was collected through the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Information sought included respondents' demographic characteristics, knowledge about and behaviour of prevention of vertical transmission as well as factors influencing behaviour. Results: Findings revealed that nurse/midwives had moderate level of knowledge with mean score of 51.4%. The mean score on behaviour was 52.5%, major factors that influence behaviour in these settings were mainly fear of getting infected, irregular supply of resources like gloves, goggles, sharp boxes, and water supply was not regular also. Hypotheses tested revealed that there is a positive relationship between knowledge and behaviour (r = 0.583, p = 0.00). Knowledge level of nurse/ midwives who had educational exposure was not different from those who did not (t = 1.439, p = 0.152). There was a significant difference in the knowledge of nurse/midwives who had experience in managing pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS and those who did not (t = 2.142, p = 0.03). Also, there was a significant relationship between behaviour and availability of resources (r = 0.318, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The study revealed that the nurse/midwives though moderately knowledgeable still had gaps in certain areas. Their behaviours were fairly appropriate. There is need for improved knowledge through structured educational intervention. Resources needed for practice should always be made available and the environment should be much more conducive for practice. 1 results 1
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