Full Text Available
Access Repository
Search Results - vertebrate (west OR test)
- Showing 1 - 2 results of 2
-
ASSESSMENT OF VERTEBRATE DIVERSITY IN ALABATA NATURE RESERVE ABEOKUTA, SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
Published 2011-11Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading…Article Loading… -
DNA AND SYSTEMIC DAMAGE INDUCED BY LANDFILL LEACHATES, AND HEALTH IMPACTS OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO LANDFILLS IN LAGOS AND IBADAN, NIGERIA
Published 2013-01Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading…
Search Tools:
Refine Results
Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Alabata Nature Reserve 1 results 1
- Cytogenotoxicity 1 results 1
- Human health impact 1 results 1
- Landfill leachate 1 results 1
- Municipal solid waste landfills in Nigeria are unsanitary. The release of hazardous chemicals via leachates from these landfills may have grievous consequences on the environment and biota. However, there is limited information on leachate induced DNA and systemic damage in vertebrates from different ecological habitats, and human health associated with living around landfills. This study was undertaken to evaluate the cytogenetic and systemic toxicity of leachates and human health impacts of exposure to landfills in Lagos and Ibadan, Nigeria. Olusosun and Aba-Eku landfills in Lagos and Ibadan respectively were purposively selected. Clarias gariepinus (mud catfish), Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) and Mus musculus (mouse) were exposed to leachates from Olusosun (OSL) and Aba-Eku (AEL) landfills at different concentrations (0 - 50%) for genotoxicity evaluation using the micronucleus assay. Blood collected from Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) exposed to the leachates was analysed for biochemical parameters (Alanine Aminotransferase, ALT; Aspartate Aminotransferase, AST; and albumin) using standard methods. Liver, kidney and thymus tissues excised from the rats were processed for histopathology. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), copper, manganese, lead, chromium and cadmium concentrations in the leachates were determined by APHA methods. The health status of residents within 2 and 6 km radius of the landfills was assessed using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Chi square at p = 0.05. There was concentration dependent, significant induction of micronucleus in the erythrocytes of C. gariepinus (OSL = 1.4±0.0 – 9.6±0.2; AEL = 0.8±0.4 – 8.6±0.6), bone marrow cells of C. japonica (OSL = 1.0±0.2 – 2.1±0.6; AEL = 0.7±0.1 – 3.2±0.6) and M. musculus (OSL = 5.5±0.6 – 18.5±0.0; AEL = 6.5±0.3 – 18.1±1.3). There was significant increase in ALT (OSL= 31.1±2.1 – 52.7±1.6 IU/L; AEL = 30.7±1.5 – 49.5±1.3 IU/L) and AST (OSL = 86.9±13.2 – 168.4±1.0 IU/L; AEL = 84.5±1.5 – 161.9±1.2 IU/L), but significant decrease in albumin level (OSL = 2.6±0.2 – 5.11±0.3 g/dL; AEL = 2.7±0.2 – 5.2±1.2 g/dL) in serum of exposed rats compared to the negative control. Necrosis and vacuolation of the hepatocytes; cortical congestion and haemorrhage in the kidney; and infiltration of macrophages, inflammation and apoptotic lymphocytes in the thymus were observed in exposed rats. The frequencies of these anomalies were higher in OSL than AEL exposed animals. The concentrations (mg/L) of BOD (306.0 – 601.0), copper (0.9 – 3.9), manganese (0.6 – 3.9), lead (0.8 – 2.1), chromium (1.4 – 2.4) and cadmium (0.3 – 2.2) were above NESREA wastewater limits. The frequency of complaints of bad odour (OSL, 95.4%; AEL, 90.1%) and dermal contacts with vermin (OSL, 80.8%; AEL, 54.2%); respiratory (OR=9.7, 95% CI=6.6 – 14.6), dermal (OR=7.2, 95% CI=4.8 – 10.8) and gastrointestinal (OR=7.9, 95% CI=6.2 – 12.1) anomalies were significantly higher among residents nearer (2 km) the landfills. Leachates from Olusosun and Aba-Eku landfills were potential sources of genetic and systemic toxins. Human exposure to toxins from the landfills was associated with adverse health effects. There is need for proper solid waste management to enhance environmental and public health safety. 1 results 1
- Systemic toxicity 1 results 1
- The importance of wildlife, especially the vertebrates for game, tourism and medicinal use cannot be over emphasized. Nature reserves are also known to influence the ecosystem of its location. However, rapid increase in land use for agriculture and other physical developments are gradually reducing wildlife habitation including the Alabata area nature reserve of Abeokuta. Inventory of these resources in relation to their habitat parameters would inform their better management. Assessments of vertebrate and associated flora diversities were therefore carried out in Alabata Nature Reserve. The study covered 20 km2 out of 97.3 km2 area of Alabata Nature Reserve. Twenty sample plots each of 25m x 25m were laid randomly. Animals, vegetations, soil and level of human interference were assessed for 24 months in each plot cutting across wet and dry seasons. Animals were surveyed weekly using the King Census and Line Transect methods, by direct and indirect modes. Vegetation was surveyed using the Point Center Quarter method. Soil samples were collected randomly with auger at 0-15cm, 15-30cm and 30-45cm depth; air-dried and analysed for pH, Organic Carbon (OC), nitrogen and Particle Size (PS) distribution using standard methods. Structured questionnaires were randomly administered to 20 residents in the farm settlements adjoining the study site to assess the level of human interference. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Dominance, Shannon Weiner, principal component as well as Simpson, Evenness and Equitability indices. Forty species of wild vertebrate belonging to thirty-one families were encountered at the study site. Thryonomys swinderianus was the most abundant vertebrate species with a mean frequency of 319±40.8, followed by Xerus erythropus (143±2.9) and Arvicanthus niloticus (122±15.3) while Ploceus capensis (5±3.9) was the least abundant. Daniellia oliveri (1123±4.6) was the most abundant tree species, followed by Anona senegalensis (270±3.9) and Bridelia micrantha (179±3.5). Mean soil pH value was 5.4±0.2 and 6.6±0.3 during the wet and dry seasons respectively. The OC of the soil ranged from 13.2% to 66.8%, while nitrogen content was from 0.8% to 7.5% and mean PS was from 3.2±0.2 to 90.4±4.5. Hunting intensity was perceived to be low (20.0%), although burning due to stray fire was perceived to be high (46.0%) in the site. The animal species diversity indices were Shannon Weiner (0.6), Simpson Index (0.9), Evenness (0.4), Dominance (0.004) and Equitability (0.9) for the wet season. and Shannon Weiner (0.6), Simpson Index (0.9), Evenness (0.4), Dominance (0.005) and Equitability (0.9) for the dry season.The plant species diversity indices were Shannon Weiner (0.6), Simpson Index (0.9), Evenness (0.5), Dominance (0.005) and Equitability (0.9) for wet season and Shannon Weiner (0.6), Simpson Index (0.9), Evenness (0.6), Dominance (0.9) and Equitability (0.9) for dry season. The principal component analysis and ordination showed that the studied ecosystem was not stable. Diversity of vertebrate species in Alabata Nature Reserve was high. Abundace of Thryonomys swinderianus and Xerus erythropus can be attributed to adequate food and cover provided by trees. However, wildfire which is the greatest threat has to be controlled for the reserve to realize its full potentials. 1 results 1
- Wild vertebrate diversity 1 results 1
- Wildfire 1 results 1
- Wildlife habitat 1 results 1
- see all…