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Association of Genetic Polymorphisms of TGF-β1, HMOX1, and APOL1 with CKD in Nigerian patients with and without HIV.
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CHARACTERISATION, PATHOGENICITY AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF MYCOPLASMAS INVOLVED IN VULVOVAGINITIS IN GOATS.
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 5 results 5
- HIV 4 results 4
- COVID-19 3 results 3
- Background: In response to the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in the year 2014, which caused the Ebola haemorrhagic fever, the WHO alcohol-based hand rub formulation was adopted in addition to regular hand washing to prevent the spread. However, other formulation factors rather than alcohol concentration alone can greatly influence the overall antimicrobial efficacy of hand disinfectants. Objective: To formulate an antimicrobial hand sanitizer using co-processed carriers. Methodology: Carbopol (F), HPMC (G) and co-processed forms of both polymers in batches- 1:1(A), 1:2(B), 1:4(C), 2:1(D) and 4:1(E) respectively were used. The polymers were characterized, and used as carriers in formulating hand sanitizers (A to G). The formulated hand sanitizers were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, clarity, viscosity, drying time and antimicrobial activity, in comparison to a commercially available hand sanitizer (CAHS). Results: Co-processing significantly (p0.05) improved both hydration capacity of carbopol and viscosity of HPMC. The physical appearance, pH and opacity were maintained throughout the study. All the formulations showed dilatant rheological behaviour while the CAHS exhibited plastic flow. The drying times for the formulated hand sanitizers were comparable to CAHS but longer than isopropyl alcohol implying prolonged action at application site. The antimicrobial activity of the formulations was of the rank order isopropyl alcohol>B>F>CAHS>D>E>C>G>A. Conclusion: Co-processing of excipients improved the pharmaceutical properties of the hand sanitizers with antimicrobial activity that was comparable to CAHS but lower than isopropyl alcohol. The hand sanitizer formulated with polymer batch B, demonstrated optimum antimicrobial and pharmaceutical properties and may be developed for commercial use. 2 results 2
- Blood donors 2 results 2
- ELISA 2 results 2
- HBV 2 results 2
- Human papillomavirus 2 results 2
- Ibadan 2 results 2
- Rubella 2 results 2
- Serological markers 2 results 2
- U. chamae 2 results 2
- "In the tropics, hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence ranges from < 0.2% in whole Africa. A strong association between HCV and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma has been described. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers among Africans, and in Nigeria by 1970 the estimated rate was 6.6 per 100,000 populations per annum. Sexual transmission was regarded as a minor cause of HCV, the degree of which has not been properly evaluated in most environments. Since it has been established that sexual transmission is an important mode of acquisition of the infection, we therefore set out to find the seroprevalence of HCV among 95 patients attending sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria with a view to recommending preventive and control measures of HCV in our community. The sera collected from these respondents were used for screening for syphilis using the VDRL test, and for HCV antibodies using the MONOLISA anti-HCV (Sanofi, Pasteur France). Mid-stream urine was collected from all participants, and urethral swabs from all male participants while endocervical and high vaginal swabs were collected from female participants. Ulcer swabs were collected from those with genital ulcers. The prevalence of HCV infection was found to be 37.9% in patients presenting with STDs. This comprised 38.9% of males and 61.1% females. This prevalence rate is very high compared with the rate in the general population and other “high-risk” groups in previous studies in the same environment. Factors associated with HCV infection in this environment include high heterosexuality, high level of education, and previous instrumentations such as in scarifications and termination of pregnancy. Prevention and control of STDs will definitely reduce HCV infection and hence the attendant consequences, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma, in our environment. " 1 results 1
- "Rubella is a vaccine-preventable viral infection, its aetiologic agent; rubella virus was identified as human teratogen capable of causing a spectrum of birth defects described as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, significant proportion of the population remains susceptible to rubella infection in developing countries. More significantly, such developing countries including Nigeria have not demonstrated adequate commitment to preventive vaccination; a panacea for intervention. Consequently, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of anti-rubella IgG among pregnant women to ascertain the proportion of susceptible population. A total of 273 consenting rubella vaccine naïve antenatal clinic attendees aged 15-42 years (Median age = 28 years) were randomly selected and their sera analyzed for qualitative and quantitative anti-rubella IgG detection. Overall, 244/273 (89.4%) pregnant women enrolled in this study had protective level (Titre = >10 IU/mL) of anti-rubellaIgG (Median Titre = 165 IU/mL; Range = <10 - >250 IU/mL), while, 29/273 (10.6%) of the study population lack protective antibody titre ( OD = <10 IU/mL). Results confirm previous reports of exposure, infection, and continuous circulation of rubella virus in Nigeria. It emphasizes the need for improved and continuous surveillance for rubella and CRS cases, prompt vaccination of vulnerable populations, and evaluation of health policies to achieve immunization and ultimately ensure control/elimination of rubella virus in Nigeria and beyond." 1 results 1
- "Substances extracted from lichens have previously been reported to possess antimicrobial activities against various groups of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Due to the high abundance of Parmelia perlata in the Eastern parts of Nigeria, we decided to explore whether it possesses antiviral activity against some common animal and human viruses. METHODOLOGY:The dried and powdered lichen was extracted with acetone, water and 4% (v/v) NaOH (to yield a crude polysaccharide fraction) using standard methods. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was investigated on HEP-2, Vero and L20 cell lines. The antiviral properties were determined against yellow fever, poliomyelitis and infectious bursal disease virus of chickens using the end-point cytopathic effect assay. Phytochemical evaluations of the extracts were also carried out. RESULTS:Phytochemical tests showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, steroidal aglycone, carbohydrates and also the presence, in trace amounts, of some oligodynamic elements. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that while L20 was susceptible to the extracts at a concentration of 50 microg/ml, the extracts were generally toxic to the cell lines at concentrations above 500 microg/ml. The order of sensitivity of the cell lines was L20 > HEP-2 > Vero. The water and acetone extracts showed no activity against the viruses when tested at concentrations below the cytotoxic level while the crude polysaccharide fraction showed activity against yellow fever virus with an IC50 of 15 microg/ml. The time of addition of the test extracts to the infected cells did not have significant effect on cytopathic effect inhibition. CONCLUSIONS:The results showed that the crude polysaccharide fraction from Parmelia perlata possesses specific antiviral activity against yellow fever virus. It is postulated that a major mechanism of inhibition of yellow fever infection by the crude polysaccharide fraction of the lichen could be by attack on the viral envelope." 1 results 1
- "Though the major target of the HIV-virus is the immune system, the frequency of abdominal disorders in HIV/AIDS patients has been reported to be second only to pulmonary disease. These abdominal manifestations may be on the increase as the use of antlretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy and improved quality of life. Ultrasonography is an easy to perform, non invasive, inexpensive and safe imaging technique that is invaluable in Africa where AIDS is most prevalent and where sophisticated diagnostic tools are not readily available. Purpose: To describe the findings and evaluate the clinical utility of abdominal uitrasonography in HIV?AIDS patients in Ibadan. Methods:A Prospective evaluation of the abdominal ultrasonography of 391 HIV-positive patients as well as 391 age and sex- matched HIV-negative patients were carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.Results: Of the 391 cases studied, 260 (66.5%) were females; the mean age was 38.02 years, (range 15-66 years). The disease was most prevalent in the 4th decade with an incidence of 40.4%. Compared with the HIV-negative individual group of patients had a significantly higher proportion of splenomegaly (13.5% vs. 7.7%; p < 0.01), lymphadenopathy (2.0% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.70), and renal abnormalities (8.4% vs. 3.8%; p < 0.02). There were no differences in hepatic and pancreatic abnormalities between the HIV+ and HIV- groups. There were significantly fewer gallstones in the HIV+ group (1.4% vs. 5.1%; p < 0.01). Conclusion:AIDS is a multi-systemic disease and its demographic and clinical pattern remains the same globally. Ultrasond optimally suited for its clinical management especially in Africa. Its accuracy and sensitivity may be much improved with clinico-pathologic correlation which may not be readily available in developing countries; further studies may provide much needed diagnostic algorithms. " 1 results 1
- 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 1 results 1
- A number of measures have been put in place by different governments to combat the spread of Covid-19 virus. The virus has affected all forms of transportation. This paper is a preliminary study to evaluate the impact of Oyo State government lockdown measures on public transportation in Ibadan North Local Government Area between March and June 2020. Seven factors affecting public transportation as identified from literature include: availability of service, cost of service, comfortability safety /social distancing, parking difficulties and rate of accidents. Structured questionnaires were administered to purposively selected road users. The level of importance of each factor was determined and ranked by Relative Importance Index (RII). The study shows that there was a significant reduction in travel demand which in turn caused a significant increase in cost of transportation and waiting time for commuters. 1 results 1
- Abstract Introduction: The occurrence of hypertension in people living with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (PLWHA) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is increasing. In Nigeria, where the national human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence is 1.4%, an estimated 700,000 PLWHA are on ART. We investigated the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among adults on ART in Owo, Ondo State Material and methods: A retrospective study with 300 PLWHA on ART in Federal Medical Centre, Owo, was conducted. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg. Descriptive statistics were performed. Chi-square tests were used to identify associations between sociodemographic/clinical parameters and hypertension. Odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio were used to examine risk factors associated with hypertension. Results: The mean age of PLWHA was 38.3 years (SD, 10.4) and 33.7% were males. Median duration on ART was 6 years (range, 0.5-15). The prevalence of hypertension was 20.3%, with 25.7% in males and 17.5% among females. The prevalence of hypertension before commencing ART was 14.7% and 20.3% after ART was commenced (p = 0.043). Mean SBP was 110 ± 16 mm Hg before ART use and 118 ± 18 after utilization of ART (p < 0.001). Hypertension before commencing ART was associated with age of 38 years and above (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.3-6.8). Amongst PLWHA, hypertension after com mencing treatment was associated with being previously hypertensive (AOR: 9.2; 95% CI: 4.5-18.6). Conclusions: HIV treatment programs should include screening and management of hypertension. Screening and assessment of risk factors were directed at PLWHA diagnosed with hypertension before commencing ART, while routine check of blood pressure was evaluated at subsequent visits. HIV AIDS Rev 2020; 19, 3: 199-205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.99681 Key words: HIV, anti-retroviral therapy, PLWHA, hypertension among PLWHA. 1 results 1
- Agriculture 1 results 1
- Agriculture & Life Systems 1 results 1
- Agriculture & Life Systems — Agriculture 1 results 1
- Aim: The CD4 T lymphocytes play a key role in achieving a regulated effective immune response to foreign antigens. It is also a valuable parameter for assessing HIV disease progression. However, variations in CD4 T lymphocyte values due to diverse factors have been reported. Here we evaluated CD4 T lymphocytes among community dwellers who tested negative for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis E viruses and compared the results with the National Reference Values (NRVs).Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were enrolled using a convenient sampling technique and their socio-demographic characteristics were captured by administration of semi-structured questionnaires. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted among residents of Ibadan metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria. Participants were enrolled between July and September, 2013 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methodology: Four hundred consenting participants who fulfilled the criteria for enrolment were evaluated for CD4 T lymphocyte counts. Results: Estimated mean CD4 T lymphocyte count of 1,183 (CD4 Range: 328-2680) cells/μl of blood was recorded for the participants. Four (1.0%), 151 (37.8%), 157 (39.2%), 74 (18.5), and 14(3.5) of the participants had CD4 T lymphocyte count ranged 352-500, 501-1,000, 1,001-1500, 1501-2,000, and >2,000 cells/μl of blood, respectively. Differences in the estimated mean CD4 count between different age groups varied significantly (P=0.010).Conclusion: In this study, significantly higher CD4 T lymphocyte values were observed among the study population in comparison to the NRVs, and consequently we advise careful interpretation and use of extrapolated CD4 T lymphocyte values in the management of persons with diverse geographical background or health conditions. 1 results 1
- Animal hygiene 1 results 1
- Anti-measles activity 1 results 1
- Anti-measles virus activity 1 results 1
- Anti-rubella 1 results 1
- Antibiotic sensitivity 1 results 1
- Antibody 1 results 1
- Antiviral activity. 1 results 1
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