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An assessment of the potential for utilisation of soil-stored seed, from on- and off 'conservation islands' (isolated mountains), as an indicator of restoration potential of degrad... by Jones, F. Elizabeth (Freda Elizabeth)
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- Background: In response to the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in the year 2014, which caused the Ebola haemorrhagic fever, the WHO alcohol-based hand rub formulation was adopted in addition to regular hand washing to prevent the spread. However, other formulation factors rather than alcohol concentration alone can greatly influence the overall antimicrobial efficacy of hand disinfectants. Objective: To formulate an antimicrobial hand sanitizer using co-processed carriers. Methodology: Carbopol (F), HPMC (G) and co-processed forms of both polymers in batches- 1:1(A), 1:2(B), 1:4(C), 2:1(D) and 4:1(E) respectively were used. The polymers were characterized, and used as carriers in formulating hand sanitizers (A to G). The formulated hand sanitizers were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, clarity, viscosity, drying time and antimicrobial activity, in comparison to a commercially available hand sanitizer (CAHS). Results: Co-processing significantly (p0.05) improved both hydration capacity of carbopol and viscosity of HPMC. The physical appearance, pH and opacity were maintained throughout the study. All the formulations showed dilatant rheological behaviour while the CAHS exhibited plastic flow. The drying times for the formulated hand sanitizers were comparable to CAHS but longer than isopropyl alcohol implying prolonged action at application site. The antimicrobial activity of the formulations was of the rank order isopropyl alcohol>B>F>CAHS>D>E>C>G>A. Conclusion: Co-processing of excipients improved the pharmaceutical properties of the hand sanitizers with antimicrobial activity that was comparable to CAHS but lower than isopropyl alcohol. The hand sanitizer formulated with polymer batch B, demonstrated optimum antimicrobial and pharmaceutical properties and may be developed for commercial use. 2 results 2
- Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a common medical problem that affects all age groups but with significant morbidity in females because of the nature of their anatomy and physiology. This study was aimed to identify the common causative organisms of UTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among female students in Babcock University. Methods: A cross sectional study, in which 200 female participants with symptoms of UTI were recruited. Mid stream urine was collected from them and processed using the standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on isolates from the samples with significant bacteriuria. Socio-demographic and risk factors were obtained using standard questionnaires, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: UTIs were confirmed in 14.5% (29/200) participants. Of the pathogens isolated, Escherichia coli was predominant 30.6% (11/36). Most of the pathogens isolated were susceptible to ofloxacin and gentamicin, while ceftriaxone had the least susceptibility (18.2%). The majority of the participants, 165 (82.5%) though symptomatic, did not have bacteriuria. The participants aged 15–20 years were mostly infected [24 (13.4%)]. No significant association was found between the socio-demographic factors and UTI. Conclusion: The prevalence of UTI from this study was 14.5%. E. coli was the predominant bacteria pathogen isolated, and of loxacin and gentamycin were the most active antibiotics on susceptibility pattern. The majority of the patients though symptomatic, had no pathogens isolated from their urine. Therefore, caution should be applied on the use of antibiotics when managing UTI based on symptoms alone, to prevent antibiotic resistance. 2 results 2
- Church autonomy 2 results 2
- Church constitutional development 2 results 2
- Construction work and industry, although highly important to Nigeria’s developmental processes, is characterised by high level of risks occurrence and hazards. The trend is exacerbated by the insecure manner in which the construction workers are recruited, placed and managed as well as non-enforcement of existing safety laws in the sector. This raises concern about the type of safety training provided in the industry and the instructional method used in imparting such safety trainings. Previous studies have focused largely on the causes, prevention, control, safety legislations and provision of safety trainings with little emphasis on safety training instructional methods. This study, therefore, determined the effects of syndicate (STM) and guided-practice (GpTM) training methods on occupational health and safety competencies (OHSC) of workers in the construction industry in Oyo State, Nigeria. The moderating effects of employees’ literacy level and employment status were also examined. This study was anchored on multiple cause and social learning theories while the pretest-posttest, control group quasi experimental design with a 3x3x2 factorial matrix was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting three reputable construction organisations in Oyo State. The workers in the three organisations who met the study’s inclusion criteria were randomised into STM, (12), GpTM (11) and Lecture method (12) (Control) groups while treatment lasted six weeks. Construction Industry Occupational Health and Safety Competencies Questionnaire (r=0.85), training guides for STM, GpTM and lecture method were used for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of covariance and Scheffe post-hoc test at 0.05 level of significance. Participants were male (80.0%) and female (20.0%) with a mean age of 34 years; 54.3% and 45.7% were on permanent and temporary employments respectively. Their levels of literacy status were: low (37.1%), medium (34.3%) and high (28.6%). There was a significant main effect of treatment on workers’ OHSC (F (2, 17) = 22.28, partial η^2= .72). Participants exposed to STM obtained the highest posttest OHSC mean ( = 175.42) followed by those in GpTM ( = 111.00) and control ( = 82.58) groups. There were no significant main effects of literacy level and employment status on OHSC. There was a significant two-way interaction effect of treatments and literacy on OHSC (F (4, 17) = 3.18, partial η^2= .43) but the two-way interaction effects of treatment and employment status, and employment status and literacy level were not significant. Also, three-way interaction effect of treatment, literacy level and employment status on OHSC was not significant. Syndicate and guided-practice training methods were effective in enhancing the occupational health and safety competencies of construction workers regardless of their literacy level and employment status. Both training methods should, therefore, be employed regularly in safety trainings to achieve improved occupational health and safety competencies in the Nigerian construction industry. 2 results 2
- Debate effects 2 results 2
- Election 2 results 2
- Nigerian construction industry 2 results 2
- Occupational health and safety competencies 2 results 2
- Over the years, Community Development seems to have treated social relations and responsibilities using Top-Bottom approach. Due to the problems associated with the approach over time, a refined participatory approach emerged to bye-pass problems such as project abandonment, corruption, alienation and non sustainability of projects under the Top-Bottom Policy and Practice. In this new approach of Community Driven Development (CCD), stakeholders, especially at the grassroots, are called upon to take their destiny in their own hands beginning from needs assessment to that of project implementation, launching, utilization and sustenance of project. In addition, its Community Empowerment orientation has a built-in internally driven and Community Based Monitoring and Evaluation. This is to ensure full-scale empowerment and total ownership of the Development process by the grassroots. Following this approach several questions emerge. Specifically, how feasible is the Community Based Monitoring and Evaluation (CBM&E) process under the ongoing Community based poverty Reduction Projects in Nigeria within the backdrop of the failed top-bottom practice which developed the attitude of apathy to development projects amongst the grassroots especially in Nigeria? Drawing from the pilot experiences in some communities currently drawing from the social fund of the World Bank under the CBPRP in Nigeria, this paper sees hope in the process and suggests a greater investment in it. This is not only based on the empowerment process in itself, but also that, in the process; is the capability to banish the culture of silence and its ability to engender higher involvement and ultimate sustainability of projects especially by the poorest of the poor. 2 results 2
- Over the years, debate scholarship has interrogated the usefulness or relevance of political debates in the electoral process. While there is an avalanche of debate effect studies in established democracies such as America, scant attention has been paid to presidential debates in Nigeria. Based on the Rational Choice theory and the Uses and Gratifications theory, this study therefore investigated voters’ response to the 2019 presidential debate in Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research design and administered questionnaire on 460 voters in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The respondents were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. Findings revealed that although the 2019 presidential debate had very little influence on voters’ voting decisions in the 2019 presidential election, a majority of the voters perceived the presidential debate as relevant to the electoral process as it increased their knowledge of political issues as well as their knowledge of the candidates. Moreover, political affiliation was found to be the most significant factor that influenced voters’ choice of candidate. The study therefore recommended that political campaign managers and politicians should leverage the debate platform to promote their candidates but should not assume this would significantly influence voting decisions 2 results 2
- Perception 2 results 2
- Phonological processes 2 results 2
- Phonological processes constitute a veritable means to tracing language development, especially in children. Extant studies on Nigerian children’s phonological processes have examined errors and deviations, with little attention to language as an instrument for measuring children’s linguistic development. Therefore, this study was designed to examine children’s phonological processes and the constraints ranking responsible for them, with a view to tracing their linguistic development. Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky’s Optimality Theory was used as the framework, while the descriptive design was adopted. One hundred and two participants were purposively selected. Seventy-five and twenty-five children from primary schools in Lagos and Oyo states, respectively, were selected because of their age range of four to six years, and they read a prepared text. The choice of the states was motivated by their proximal, cosmopolitan and multicultural features. Also, two children, named child A, aged one year-three months, and child B, aged four years-three months, were observed in their homes in Oyo and Lagos states, respectively, for six months for the purpose of longitudinal observation. All utterances were audio-recorded. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, perceptual and acoustic analyses. The phonological processes identified were substitution (28.8%), vowel strengthening (23.2%), monophthongisation (15.7%), deletion (15.4%), assimilation (6.6%), gliding (4.3%) and yod coalescence (2.7%). Utterances were slow-paced, with an average of 4.8 minutes per participant, and phonemes were often singly produced. Constraints ranking favoured markedness over faithfulness constraints, such as *SCHWA >> αF, NODIPHTHONG >> MAX, *Ct#C >> *COMPLEX >> MAX and AGREE(PLACE) >> IDENT-IO. The participants’ linguistic development was noticeable in the instantiations of their processes, which were similar to the ambient variety of Nigerian English. The instances were very intelligible and significantly manifested beyond word level. They were also functional for achieving juncture prosody, cluster reduction and gemination. However, non-adult instances, like morphophonemic deletions, persisted, showing that the participants had not fully attained the adult level of phonological processes. In the longitudinal data, child A acquired voiced and labial consonants first, and codas suffered deletion more than onsets in monosyllables. By age two, child A had begun to produce polysyllables and closed syllables, and deletion changed from whole syllables to only phonemes. By age five, child B’s processes had begun to resemble adults’ and, more energy-demanding processes like epenthesis, voicing and vowel strengthening emerged. Tonalisation of English words and indigenous interference occurred in their utterances. The spectrogram showed that the outset of acquisition with child A featured weaker energy, like in unaspirated plosives; however, energy increased and stabilised as the participant got older, as indicated in the darker shades. The formant values of the participants’ vowels on the acoustic chart showed similarity to the cardinal vowel chart in terms of height and position of the tongue. Phonological processes in Nigerian children’s spoken English emerged through constraints reranking and increasingly become more like adults’ as the years pass by. 2 results 2
- Policy development in Methodist Church Nigeria 2 results 2
- Poor finishing and aesthetic capabilities of metal fabrication companies in Nigeria have been identified as a major cause of the poor acceptance of locally fabricated products. This study was aimed at assessing some finishing and aesthetic capabilities of Nigerian companies.Five companies were selected for analysis. Their equivalent imported substitutes were identified for comparison.Ten basic operations(painting, electroplating, metal spraying, lapping, super finishing, abrasive belt grinding, buffing, parkerizing, polishing and chemical conversion coating) for accomplishing the three finishing processes (surface cleaning, surface smoothing and surface coating) on a given metal product were identified. Standard equipment types required for the operations were identified from the literature. The fabrication methods, practices and equipment types used by the companies to carry out the operations were compared with industry standards. The physical structures and aesthetics of the product were compared to the imported substitutes. The manpower level of each company based on the age, educational status, years of experience, familarity with finishing operation of workers was also evaluated. On the average the companies make only 40% of the standard finishing operation identified from the literature, 50% of the workers have post secondary school qualification and 50% have over 5 years experience on the job. Investment in equipment and technology is generally poor. It is concluded that comparatively, local metal fabricators lack the required finishing and aesthetics capabilities in area of equipment and manpower skills. 2 results 2
- Presidential debate 2 results 2
- Processors 2 results 2
- R- plasmid 2 results 2
- Recurrent furunculosis 2 results 2
- Science process skills 2 results 2
- Staphylococcus aureus 2 results 2
- Syndicate and guided-practice training methods 2 results 2
- The need for value and ethical re-orientation of Nigerians have become very essential especially at such a time when the country has attained fifty years of independence with no concrete achievements besides those of the sixties. Concerns have been raised as to the veracity of education in inculcating appropriate social and moral values in leakers for the development of the country going by their attitudes and actions. The western education has been acclaimed to be responsible for the influx of certain social values that had bedeviled the sanctity of the African and Nigerian society. Africans are known for the principle of communalism among others unlike the individuality of the western 'culture. The need to give greater considerations to our indigenous values is highlighted in this article. It was realised that learners should be made to understand moral concepts through the lessons learnt in their classrooms to further entrench these African values. Similarly, social values of tolerance and sympathy need to be emphasised in order to re-orientate Nigerians for the envisaged growth 2 results 2
- Voters’ choice 2 results 2
- Voters’ perception 2 results 2
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