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Box-Behnken Design of Chitosan-NPs Encapsulating 5-Fluorouracil and Santalum album Essential Oil and Investigating their Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect against Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line.
Despite its widespread use, the clinical utility of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is limited by systemic toxicity, poor selectivity, and drug resistance in aggressive cancers, such as the Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). This study investigates a polymeric hybrid nanoparticle (NP) system co-delivering 5...
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2025
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| _version_ | 1867613424533372928 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Tawfik, Somaia |
| author_browse | Tawfik, Somaia |
| author_facet | Tawfik, Somaia |
| author_sort | Tawfik, Somaia |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Despite its widespread use, the clinical utility of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is limited by systemic toxicity, poor selectivity, and drug resistance in aggressive cancers, such as the Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). This study investigates a polymeric hybrid nanoparticle (NP) system co-delivering 5FU with Santalum album EO (SAEO), a natural product rich in α- santalol, to enhance therapeutic efficacy and achieve controlled release for TNBC Treatment. Chitosan-based nanoparticles were developed using ionic gelation to encapsulate 5FU and SAEO, followed by the Design of Experiments (DOE) optimization. The optimized nanoparticles exhibited a mean size of 363.8 ± 11.68 nm, a zeta potential (ZP) of 12.7 ± 0.57 mV, and demonstrated a high encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 88.60 ± 0.73.% along with a loading capacity (LC%) of 17.0 ± 0.08%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed successfully incorporating 5- 5FU and SAEO into the system. The nanoparticles displayed controlled and sustained drug release characteristics compared to free 5FU. The combinatorial formulation of 5FU/SAEO@CS-NP exhibited superior anti-cancer activity, with IC50 values recorded at 12.1 ± 0.20 μg/mL for MDA-MB-231 cells and 8.7 ± 1.43 μg/mL for MCF-7 cells. The free SAEO and SAEO@CS-NP formulations demonstrated significant selectivity toward the MDA-MB-231 cells, and at the prospective IC50, normal cells are viable by more than 80%. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:fount.aucegypt.edu:etds-3522 |
| institution | American University in Cairo (Egypt) |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:35:55.364Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from AUC Knowledge Fountain — bepress |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | AUC Knowledge Fountain |
| publisherStr | AUC Knowledge Fountain |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | AUC Knowledge Fountain — bepress |
| spelling | oai:fount.aucegypt.edu:etds-3522 Box-Behnken Design of Chitosan-NPs Encapsulating 5-Fluorouracil and Santalum album Essential Oil and Investigating their Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect against Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line. Tawfik, Somaia Despite its widespread use, the clinical utility of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is limited by systemic toxicity, poor selectivity, and drug resistance in aggressive cancers, such as the Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). This study investigates a polymeric hybrid nanoparticle (NP) system co-delivering 5FU with Santalum album EO (SAEO), a natural product rich in α- santalol, to enhance therapeutic efficacy and achieve controlled release for TNBC Treatment. Chitosan-based nanoparticles were developed using ionic gelation to encapsulate 5FU and SAEO, followed by the Design of Experiments (DOE) optimization. The optimized nanoparticles exhibited a mean size of 363.8 ± 11.68 nm, a zeta potential (ZP) of 12.7 ± 0.57 mV, and demonstrated a high encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 88.60 ± 0.73.% along with a loading capacity (LC%) of 17.0 ± 0.08%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed successfully incorporating 5- 5FU and SAEO into the system. The nanoparticles displayed controlled and sustained drug release characteristics compared to free 5FU. The combinatorial formulation of 5FU/SAEO@CS-NP exhibited superior anti-cancer activity, with IC50 values recorded at 12.1 ± 0.20 μg/mL for MDA-MB-231 cells and 8.7 ± 1.43 μg/mL for MCF-7 cells. The free SAEO and SAEO@CS-NP formulations demonstrated significant selectivity toward the MDA-MB-231 cells, and at the prospective IC50, normal cells are viable by more than 80%. 2025-01-31T08:00:00Z thesis application/pdf https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/2476 https://fount.aucegypt.edu/context/etds/article/3522/viewcontent/Somaia_Tawfik_Mansour__800201452__Chemistry.pdf Theses and Dissertations AUC Knowledge Fountain Drug delivery Polymers Chemotherapy Essential oils TNBC Life Sciences |
| spellingShingle | Drug delivery Polymers Chemotherapy Essential oils TNBC Life Sciences Tawfik, Somaia Box-Behnken Design of Chitosan-NPs Encapsulating 5-Fluorouracil and Santalum album Essential Oil and Investigating their Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect against Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line. |
| title | Box-Behnken Design of Chitosan-NPs Encapsulating 5-Fluorouracil and Santalum album Essential Oil and Investigating their Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect against Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line. |
| title_full | Box-Behnken Design of Chitosan-NPs Encapsulating 5-Fluorouracil and Santalum album Essential Oil and Investigating their Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect against Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line. |
| title_fullStr | Box-Behnken Design of Chitosan-NPs Encapsulating 5-Fluorouracil and Santalum album Essential Oil and Investigating their Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect against Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Box-Behnken Design of Chitosan-NPs Encapsulating 5-Fluorouracil and Santalum album Essential Oil and Investigating their Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect against Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line. |
| title_short | Box-Behnken Design of Chitosan-NPs Encapsulating 5-Fluorouracil and Santalum album Essential Oil and Investigating their Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect against Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line. |
| title_sort | box behnken design of chitosan nps encapsulating 5 fluorouracil and santalum album essential oil and investigating their combinatorial therapeutic effect against triple negative breast cancer tnbc cell line |
| topic | Drug delivery Polymers Chemotherapy Essential oils TNBC Life Sciences |
| url | https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/2476 https://fount.aucegypt.edu/context/etds/article/3522/viewcontent/Somaia_Tawfik_Mansour__800201452__Chemistry.pdf |
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