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Evaluation of Zenith Tropospheric Delay Derived from Ray-Traced VMF3 Product over the West African Region Using GNSS Observations

This is an article published in Advances in Meteorology Volume 2021, Article ID 8836806, 14 pages; https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8836806

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Main Authors: Osah, Samuel, Acheampong, Akwasi Afrifa, Fosu, Collins, Dadzie, Isaac
Other Authors: 0000-0003-1640-6307
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Advances in Meteorology 2024
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access_status_str Open Access
author Osah, Samuel
Acheampong, Akwasi Afrifa
Fosu, Collins
Dadzie, Isaac
author2 0000-0003-1640-6307
author_browse 0000-0003-1640-6307
Acheampong, Akwasi Afrifa
Dadzie, Isaac
Fosu, Collins
Osah, Samuel
author_facet 0000-0003-1640-6307
Osah, Samuel
Acheampong, Akwasi Afrifa
Fosu, Collins
Dadzie, Isaac
author_sort Osah, Samuel
collection Thesis
description This is an article published in Advances in Meteorology Volume 2021, Article ID 8836806, 14 pages; https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8836806
format Article
id oai:ir.knust.edu.gh:123456789/15813
institution KNUST (Ghana)
language English
last_indexed 2026-06-10T12:31:19.760Z
license_str Not specified — see source repository
provenance_str_mv Harvested via OAI-PMH from KNUSTSpace — Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (Ghana)
publishDate 2024
publishDateRange 2024
publishDateSort 2024
publisher Advances in Meteorology
publisherStr Advances in Meteorology
record_format dspace
source_str KNUSTSpace — Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (Ghana)
spelling oai:ir.knust.edu.gh:123456789/15813 Evaluation of Zenith Tropospheric Delay Derived from Ray-Traced VMF3 Product over the West African Region Using GNSS Observations Osah, Samuel Acheampong, Akwasi Afrifa Fosu, Collins Dadzie, Isaac 0000-0003-1640-6307 This is an article published in Advances in Meteorology Volume 2021, Article ID 8836806, 14 pages; https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8836806 The growing demand for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology has necessitated the establishment of a vast and ever-growing network of International GNSS Service (IGS) tracking stations worldwide. &e IGS provides highly accurate and highly reliable daily time-series Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) products using data from the member sites towards the use of GNSS for precise geodetic, climatological, and meteorological applications. However, if for reasons like poor internet connectivity, equipment failure, and power outages, the IGS station is inaccessible or malfunctioning, and gaps are created in the data archive resulting in degrading the quality of the ZTD and precipitable water vapour (PWV) estimation. To address this challenge as a means of providing an alternative data source to improve the continuous availability of ZTD data and as a backup data in the event that the IGS site data are missing or unavailable in West Africa, this paper compares the sitewise operational Vienna Mapping Functions 3 (VMF3) ZTD product with the IGS final ZTD product over five IGS stations in West Africa. Eight different statistical evaluation metrics, such as the mean bias (MB), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), coefficient of determination (r 2 ), refined index of agreement (IAr), Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE), and the fraction of prediction within a factor of two (FAC2), are employed to determine the degree of agreement between the VMF3 and IGS tropospheric products. &e results show that the VMF3-ZTD product performed excellently and matches very well with the IGS final ZTD product with an average MB, MAE, RMSE, r, r 2 , NSE, IAr, and FAC2 of 0.38 cm, 0.87 cm, 1.11 cm, 0.988, 0.976, 0.967, 0.992, and 1.00 (100%), respectively. &is result is an indication that the VMF3-ZTD product is accurate enough to be used as an alternative source of ZTD data to augment the IGS final ZTD product for positioning and meteorological applications in West Africa. KNUST 2024-07-08T10:58:30Z 2024-07-08T10:58:30Z 2021 Article Advances in Meteorology Volume 2021, Article ID 8836806, 14 pages; https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8836806 https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8836806 https://ir.knust.edu.gh/handle/123456789/15813 en application/pdf Advances in Meteorology
spellingShingle Osah, Samuel
Acheampong, Akwasi Afrifa
Fosu, Collins
Dadzie, Isaac
Evaluation of Zenith Tropospheric Delay Derived from Ray-Traced VMF3 Product over the West African Region Using GNSS Observations
title Evaluation of Zenith Tropospheric Delay Derived from Ray-Traced VMF3 Product over the West African Region Using GNSS Observations
title_full Evaluation of Zenith Tropospheric Delay Derived from Ray-Traced VMF3 Product over the West African Region Using GNSS Observations
title_fullStr Evaluation of Zenith Tropospheric Delay Derived from Ray-Traced VMF3 Product over the West African Region Using GNSS Observations
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Zenith Tropospheric Delay Derived from Ray-Traced VMF3 Product over the West African Region Using GNSS Observations
title_short Evaluation of Zenith Tropospheric Delay Derived from Ray-Traced VMF3 Product over the West African Region Using GNSS Observations
title_sort evaluation of zenith tropospheric delay derived from ray traced vmf3 product over the west african region using gnss observations
url https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8836806
https://ir.knust.edu.gh/handle/123456789/15813
work_keys_str_mv AT osahsamuel evaluationofzenithtroposphericdelayderivedfromraytracedvmf3productoverthewestafricanregionusinggnssobservations
AT acheampongakwasiafrifa evaluationofzenithtroposphericdelayderivedfromraytracedvmf3productoverthewestafricanregionusinggnssobservations
AT fosucollins evaluationofzenithtroposphericdelayderivedfromraytracedvmf3productoverthewestafricanregionusinggnssobservations
AT dadzieisaac evaluationofzenithtroposphericdelayderivedfromraytracedvmf3productoverthewestafricanregionusinggnssobservations

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