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Modulation of GR transcriptional signalling by HIV-1 Vpr insights into regulation by progestins
Includes bibliographical references.
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| Main Author: | |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology
2014
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| _version_ | 1867611345858330624 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Grantham, N J |
| author2 | Hapgood, Janet P |
| author_browse | Grantham, N J Hapgood, Janet P |
| author_facet | Hapgood, Janet P Grantham, N J |
| author_sort | Grantham, N J |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Includes bibliographical references. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/10520 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | eng |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateRange | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Department of Molecular and Cell Biology |
| publisherStr | Department of Molecular and Cell Biology |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/10520 Modulation of GR transcriptional signalling by HIV-1 Vpr insights into regulation by progestins Grantham, N J Hapgood, Janet P Avenant, Chanel Cell Biology Includes bibliographical references. It has been 30 years since HIV was first discovered, yet the molecular mechanisms whereby the virus mediates its pathogenic effects have not yet been completely elucidated. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-activated host transcription factor, which mediates anti-inflammatory effects in response to stimulation with glucocorticoids (GC). One of the HIV-1 accessory proteins, Vpr, is highly immunosuppressive and contributes to suppression of the immune system thereby creating an environment favourable for viral proliferation. Vpr has been previously reported to act as a GR co-activator on glucocorticoid response element (GRE) containing promoters. Thus, the GR appears likely to play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. Contraceptive usage is also likely to affect HIV-1 pathogenesis as some hormonal contraceptives can bind to and activate the GR. Progesterone (P4) regulates the female reproductive system and the synthetic progestins medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and norethisterone acetate (NET-A) are extensively used as injectable contraceptives. MPA has been shown to act as a partial or full GR agonist and recent evidence indicates that injectable MPA increases HIV-1 acquisition and transmission. The molecular mechanisms of this remain unclear, but may involve decreasing the thickness of the vaginal epithelium as well as actions via the GR that affect gene expression in the cervo-vaginal environment and/or elsewhere. This study aims to investigate the actions of GC's, P4, MPA and NET-A via the GR in the absence and presence of Vpr protein towards gaining some insight into the potential interplay between the host GR, contraceptive use, HIV-1 pathogenesis, and the mechanisms thereof. 2014-12-30T06:42:23Z 2014-12-30T06:42:23Z 2012 Master Thesis Masters MSc http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10520 eng application/pdf Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty of Science University of Cape Town |
| spellingShingle | Cell Biology Grantham, N J Modulation of GR transcriptional signalling by HIV-1 Vpr insights into regulation by progestins |
| thesis_degree_str | Master's |
| title | Modulation of GR transcriptional signalling by HIV-1 Vpr insights into regulation by progestins |
| title_full | Modulation of GR transcriptional signalling by HIV-1 Vpr insights into regulation by progestins |
| title_fullStr | Modulation of GR transcriptional signalling by HIV-1 Vpr insights into regulation by progestins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulation of GR transcriptional signalling by HIV-1 Vpr insights into regulation by progestins |
| title_short | Modulation of GR transcriptional signalling by HIV-1 Vpr insights into regulation by progestins |
| title_sort | modulation of gr transcriptional signalling by hiv 1 vpr insights into regulation by progestins |
| topic | Cell Biology |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10520 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT granthamnj modulationofgrtranscriptionalsignallingbyhiv1vprinsightsintoregulationbyprogestins |