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Prevalence of Hepatitis B in HIV infected persons: choice of antiretroviral therapy regimen and implications for screening
Limited data and few studies have shown the prevalence of Hepatitis B in the HIV infected population in South Africa, whether these patients are on appropriate antiretroviral therapy and the effect of Hepatitis B on liver function in co-infected persons. The objectives of this study were to determin...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Department of Public Health and Family Medicine
2015
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| _version_ | 1867613244721463296 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Reidy, Derval |
| author2 | Coetzee, David |
| author_browse | Coetzee, David Reidy, Derval |
| author_facet | Coetzee, David Reidy, Derval |
| author_sort | Reidy, Derval |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Limited data and few studies have shown the prevalence of Hepatitis B in the HIV infected population in South Africa, whether these patients are on appropriate antiretroviral therapy and the effect of Hepatitis B on liver function in co-infected persons. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigemia (HBsAg) in healthy HIV positive persons screened for a vaccine trial and the proportion of those eligible for antiretroviral therapy that were receiving optimal antiviral treatment, namely tenofovir and/or lamivudine. The relationship between Hepatitis B carriage and liver function was also determined in co-infected persons as measured by liver function tests. A cross sectional study was conducted from 30th August 2011 to 24th April 2013 to determine the prevalence of HIV /HBV co-infection in persons attending a clinical trial site in an urban clinical trials unit of Cape Town. Participants self-presented to the clinic and once consented were enrolled into the study and provided blood for HIV confirmatory test, Hepatitis B sAg, CD4, VL, full blood count, liver function and renal function tests. 638 participants were enrolled into this cross sectional study. 24 (3.8%) were Hepatitis B sAg positive, which was lower than expected. Of the 24 HIV/HBV co-infected participants, 19 (79 .2%) were on antiretroviral therapy, 14 (73. 7%) of these were on a tenofovir/lamivudine regimen the remaining 5 (26.3%) were not on a tenofovir regimen. Five of the co-infected participants were not on ARVs because their CD4 count was above the recommended South African guidelines for treatment i.e. greater than 350 1 QA6/l. Male participants were three times more likely to be HBsAg positive. Elevated Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) were associated with HBsAg seropositivity. This study showed a lower HIV /HBV co-infection prevalence rate than reported from other locations in South Africa suggesting geographical variability. Appropriate guidelines are required to ensure that co-infected patients are identified and treated with the most appropriate anti-retroviral regimens. Screening for HBV is also recommended in HIV infected cohorts. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/13243 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:33:04.194Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateRange | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Department of Public Health and Family Medicine |
| publisherStr | Department of Public Health and Family Medicine |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/13243 Prevalence of Hepatitis B in HIV infected persons: choice of antiretroviral therapy regimen and implications for screening Reidy, Derval Coetzee, David Public Health Limited data and few studies have shown the prevalence of Hepatitis B in the HIV infected population in South Africa, whether these patients are on appropriate antiretroviral therapy and the effect of Hepatitis B on liver function in co-infected persons. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigemia (HBsAg) in healthy HIV positive persons screened for a vaccine trial and the proportion of those eligible for antiretroviral therapy that were receiving optimal antiviral treatment, namely tenofovir and/or lamivudine. The relationship between Hepatitis B carriage and liver function was also determined in co-infected persons as measured by liver function tests. A cross sectional study was conducted from 30th August 2011 to 24th April 2013 to determine the prevalence of HIV /HBV co-infection in persons attending a clinical trial site in an urban clinical trials unit of Cape Town. Participants self-presented to the clinic and once consented were enrolled into the study and provided blood for HIV confirmatory test, Hepatitis B sAg, CD4, VL, full blood count, liver function and renal function tests. 638 participants were enrolled into this cross sectional study. 24 (3.8%) were Hepatitis B sAg positive, which was lower than expected. Of the 24 HIV/HBV co-infected participants, 19 (79 .2%) were on antiretroviral therapy, 14 (73. 7%) of these were on a tenofovir/lamivudine regimen the remaining 5 (26.3%) were not on a tenofovir regimen. Five of the co-infected participants were not on ARVs because their CD4 count was above the recommended South African guidelines for treatment i.e. greater than 350 1 QA6/l. Male participants were three times more likely to be HBsAg positive. Elevated Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) were associated with HBsAg seropositivity. This study showed a lower HIV /HBV co-infection prevalence rate than reported from other locations in South Africa suggesting geographical variability. Appropriate guidelines are required to ensure that co-infected patients are identified and treated with the most appropriate anti-retroviral regimens. Screening for HBV is also recommended in HIV infected cohorts. 2015-07-01T09:02:17Z 2015-07-01T09:02:17Z 2014 Master Thesis Masters MPH http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13243 eng application/pdf Department of Public Health and Family Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town |
| spellingShingle | Public Health Reidy, Derval Prevalence of Hepatitis B in HIV infected persons: choice of antiretroviral therapy regimen and implications for screening |
| thesis_degree_str | Master's |
| title | Prevalence of Hepatitis B in HIV infected persons: choice of antiretroviral therapy regimen and implications for screening |
| title_full | Prevalence of Hepatitis B in HIV infected persons: choice of antiretroviral therapy regimen and implications for screening |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Hepatitis B in HIV infected persons: choice of antiretroviral therapy regimen and implications for screening |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Hepatitis B in HIV infected persons: choice of antiretroviral therapy regimen and implications for screening |
| title_short | Prevalence of Hepatitis B in HIV infected persons: choice of antiretroviral therapy regimen and implications for screening |
| title_sort | prevalence of hepatitis b in hiv infected persons choice of antiretroviral therapy regimen and implications for screening |
| topic | Public Health |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13243 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT reidyderval prevalenceofhepatitisbinhivinfectedpersonschoiceofantiretroviraltherapyregimenandimplicationsforscreening |