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Bone metabolism abnormalities in children with epilepsy at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Introduction: Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition worldwide. Literature on the antiepileptic medications and biochemical markers of bone metabolism has revealed inconsistent results. Most of these studies were undertaken in Europe and America where the burden and the associated comorb...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Division of Urology
2018
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| _version_ | 1867613570778267648 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Kija, Edward Nkingwa |
| author_browse | Kija, Edward Nkingwa |
| author_facet | Kija, Edward Nkingwa |
| author_sort | Kija, Edward Nkingwa |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Introduction: Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition worldwide. Literature on the antiepileptic medications and biochemical markers of bone metabolism has revealed inconsistent results. Most of these studies were undertaken in Europe and America where the burden and the associated comorbidities are different to the ones in Africa. Methods: A hospital based case control study was undertaken at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital where children were recruited from a dedicated Epilepsy clinic and controls were obtained from a day surgical ward. Blood and urine samples were taken for the assessment of markers of bone metabolism. Results: Seventy-five cases and 75 controls were recruited. The median age for the children with epilepsy was 9 years with a range of 1 to 17 and controls 3 years with a range of 1 to 12. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 11(16.2%) of children with epilepsy compared to 6(8.8%) in the control group. Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 30(44.1%) in children with epilepsy compared to 27(39.7%) in the control group. Children with epilepsy on enzyme inducing AEDs had lower mean Vitamin D levels (24.67±11.4 vs 30.72±7.4, p=0.08), lower mean Vitamin D2 (0.25±0.07 vs 0.4±0.17,p=0.0018),lower mean Vitamin D3 (1.61±1.06 vs 2.58±0.86,p=0.004), lower mean serum phosphate levels (1.39±0.2 vs 1.76±0.7,p=0.000) and a higher mean parathyroid hormone levels (4.47±2.33 vs 2.7±0.97, p=0.03) compared to the control group. Children with Epilepsy on enzyme inhibitors had higher mean Vitamin D2 (0.44±0.37 vs 0.25±0.07,p=0.000004) and mean Vitamin D3 (2.26±0.86 vs 1.61±1.06,p=0.028) compared to children on enzyme inducers. Dietary intake and ancestry did not influence Vitamin D levels between the cases and controls. Conclusion and Recommendations: Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with epilepsy on AEDs. Children on enzyme inducing AEDs should be investigated for vitamin D deficiency and managed accordingly. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/27013 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:38:15.423Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateRange | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Division of Urology |
| publisherStr | Division of Urology |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/27013 Bone metabolism abnormalities in children with epilepsy at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa Kija, Edward Nkingwa Paediatric Neurology Introduction: Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition worldwide. Literature on the antiepileptic medications and biochemical markers of bone metabolism has revealed inconsistent results. Most of these studies were undertaken in Europe and America where the burden and the associated comorbidities are different to the ones in Africa. Methods: A hospital based case control study was undertaken at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital where children were recruited from a dedicated Epilepsy clinic and controls were obtained from a day surgical ward. Blood and urine samples were taken for the assessment of markers of bone metabolism. Results: Seventy-five cases and 75 controls were recruited. The median age for the children with epilepsy was 9 years with a range of 1 to 17 and controls 3 years with a range of 1 to 12. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 11(16.2%) of children with epilepsy compared to 6(8.8%) in the control group. Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 30(44.1%) in children with epilepsy compared to 27(39.7%) in the control group. Children with epilepsy on enzyme inducing AEDs had lower mean Vitamin D levels (24.67±11.4 vs 30.72±7.4, p=0.08), lower mean Vitamin D2 (0.25±0.07 vs 0.4±0.17,p=0.0018),lower mean Vitamin D3 (1.61±1.06 vs 2.58±0.86,p=0.004), lower mean serum phosphate levels (1.39±0.2 vs 1.76±0.7,p=0.000) and a higher mean parathyroid hormone levels (4.47±2.33 vs 2.7±0.97, p=0.03) compared to the control group. Children with Epilepsy on enzyme inhibitors had higher mean Vitamin D2 (0.44±0.37 vs 0.25±0.07,p=0.000004) and mean Vitamin D3 (2.26±0.86 vs 1.61±1.06,p=0.028) compared to children on enzyme inducers. Dietary intake and ancestry did not influence Vitamin D levels between the cases and controls. Conclusion and Recommendations: Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with epilepsy on AEDs. Children on enzyme inducing AEDs should be investigated for vitamin D deficiency and managed accordingly. 2018-01-25T14:06:15Z 2018-01-25T14:06:15Z 2017 Master Thesis Masters MPhil http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27013 eng application/pdf Division of Urology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town |
| spellingShingle | Paediatric Neurology Kija, Edward Nkingwa Bone metabolism abnormalities in children with epilepsy at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa |
| thesis_degree_str | Master's |
| title | Bone metabolism abnormalities in children with epilepsy at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa |
| title_full | Bone metabolism abnormalities in children with epilepsy at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Bone metabolism abnormalities in children with epilepsy at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bone metabolism abnormalities in children with epilepsy at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa |
| title_short | Bone metabolism abnormalities in children with epilepsy at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa |
| title_sort | bone metabolism abnormalities in children with epilepsy at red cross war memorial children s hospital cape town south africa |
| topic | Paediatric Neurology |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27013 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kijaedwardnkingwa bonemetabolismabnormalitiesinchildrenwithepilepsyatredcrosswarmemorialchildrenshospitalcapetownsouthafrica |