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Ancestral variation in mid-craniofacial morphology in a South African sample
Ancestry estimation is a critical component of the demographic profile compiled by forensic anthropologists when unknown skeletal remains are discovered. The mid-craniofacial region is most frequently used to estimate ancestry as this region reflects the genetic and morphological ancestry of an indi...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Division of Clinical Anatomy and Biological Anthropology
2019
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| _version_ | 1867613183774031872 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Dinkele, Elizabeth |
| author2 | Friedling, L Jacqui |
| author_browse | Dinkele, Elizabeth Friedling, L Jacqui |
| author_facet | Friedling, L Jacqui Dinkele, Elizabeth |
| author_sort | Dinkele, Elizabeth |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Ancestry estimation is a critical component of the demographic profile compiled by forensic anthropologists when unknown skeletal remains are discovered. The mid-craniofacial region is most frequently used to estimate ancestry as this region reflects the genetic and morphological ancestry of an individual. The diverse composition of the South African population makes ancestry estimation problematic, and necessitates the development of reliable, population-specific standards. This study sought to characterise variations in mid-craniofacial shape and size between South Africans of European ancestry (EA), African ancestry (AA) and Mixed ancestry (MA). Metric, nonmetric and geometric morphometric assessments were performed on 392 crania from skeletal collections in South Africa. Variations in mid-craniofacial shape and size were assessed in the orbital, nasal, zygomatic and maxillary regions in two-and three-dimensions. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to characterise variation and estimate ancestry in AA, MA and EA individuals. Multivariate analyses suggest that tightly integrated ancestral variations in each component of the mid-craniofacial region are associated with functional, regional and developmental proximities of these regions. Specifically, AA individuals exhibited wider and shorter midfacial regions than EA individuals, who exhibited the narrowest orbital, zygomatic and nasal breadths and the longest upper facial, orbital and nasal heights. EA individuals exhibited inferiorly-angled orbits, elongated nasal apertures and anteriorly projecting nasal bridges. Rounder nasal apertures, less anteriorly projecting nasal bridges and more anteriorly projecting maxillary regions were detected in AA individuals. MA individuals exhibited heterogeneity in terms of craniofacial shape and size, and therefore produced the lowest ancestry estimation accuracies. Overall, nasal and maxillary regions were the most ancestrally diverse regions. Antemortem maxillary tooth loss and midfacial trauma were confounding factors in ancestry estimation accuracies. The lowest ancestry estimation accuracies were yielded by two-dimensional metric (27%-60.2%) and nonmetric (57.1%-82.4%) methods. Metric and geometric morphometric assessments yielded the highest repeatability (≥ 95%) indicating that these methods may be more reliable for use in medicolegal contexts. Geometric morphometric shape assessments yielded the highest ancestry estimation accuracies (75-97.9%), suggesting the presence of three dimensional shape variations between ancestry groups. These results suggest that a continuum of ancestral variation, with large areas of overlap, exists across South African populations and emphasises the need to develop multivariate ancestry estimation standards which can estimate ancestry reliably. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/29166 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:32:06.010Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateRange | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Division of Clinical Anatomy and Biological Anthropology |
| publisherStr | Division of Clinical Anatomy and Biological Anthropology |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/29166 Ancestral variation in mid-craniofacial morphology in a South African sample Dinkele, Elizabeth Friedling, L Jacqui Anatomy Ancestry estimation is a critical component of the demographic profile compiled by forensic anthropologists when unknown skeletal remains are discovered. The mid-craniofacial region is most frequently used to estimate ancestry as this region reflects the genetic and morphological ancestry of an individual. The diverse composition of the South African population makes ancestry estimation problematic, and necessitates the development of reliable, population-specific standards. This study sought to characterise variations in mid-craniofacial shape and size between South Africans of European ancestry (EA), African ancestry (AA) and Mixed ancestry (MA). Metric, nonmetric and geometric morphometric assessments were performed on 392 crania from skeletal collections in South Africa. Variations in mid-craniofacial shape and size were assessed in the orbital, nasal, zygomatic and maxillary regions in two-and three-dimensions. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to characterise variation and estimate ancestry in AA, MA and EA individuals. Multivariate analyses suggest that tightly integrated ancestral variations in each component of the mid-craniofacial region are associated with functional, regional and developmental proximities of these regions. Specifically, AA individuals exhibited wider and shorter midfacial regions than EA individuals, who exhibited the narrowest orbital, zygomatic and nasal breadths and the longest upper facial, orbital and nasal heights. EA individuals exhibited inferiorly-angled orbits, elongated nasal apertures and anteriorly projecting nasal bridges. Rounder nasal apertures, less anteriorly projecting nasal bridges and more anteriorly projecting maxillary regions were detected in AA individuals. MA individuals exhibited heterogeneity in terms of craniofacial shape and size, and therefore produced the lowest ancestry estimation accuracies. Overall, nasal and maxillary regions were the most ancestrally diverse regions. Antemortem maxillary tooth loss and midfacial trauma were confounding factors in ancestry estimation accuracies. The lowest ancestry estimation accuracies were yielded by two-dimensional metric (27%-60.2%) and nonmetric (57.1%-82.4%) methods. Metric and geometric morphometric assessments yielded the highest repeatability (≥ 95%) indicating that these methods may be more reliable for use in medicolegal contexts. Geometric morphometric shape assessments yielded the highest ancestry estimation accuracies (75-97.9%), suggesting the presence of three dimensional shape variations between ancestry groups. These results suggest that a continuum of ancestral variation, with large areas of overlap, exists across South African populations and emphasises the need to develop multivariate ancestry estimation standards which can estimate ancestry reliably. 2019-01-25T10:30:29Z 2019-01-25T10:30:29Z 2018 2019-01-25T10:29:31Z Master Thesis Masters MSc (Med) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29166 eng application/pdf Division of Clinical Anatomy and Biological Anthropology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town |
| spellingShingle | Anatomy Dinkele, Elizabeth Ancestral variation in mid-craniofacial morphology in a South African sample |
| thesis_degree_str | Master's |
| title | Ancestral variation in mid-craniofacial morphology in a South African sample |
| title_full | Ancestral variation in mid-craniofacial morphology in a South African sample |
| title_fullStr | Ancestral variation in mid-craniofacial morphology in a South African sample |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ancestral variation in mid-craniofacial morphology in a South African sample |
| title_short | Ancestral variation in mid-craniofacial morphology in a South African sample |
| title_sort | ancestral variation in mid craniofacial morphology in a south african sample |
| topic | Anatomy |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29166 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dinkeleelizabeth ancestralvariationinmidcraniofacialmorphologyinasouthafricansample |