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The impact of vascular calcification among dialysis dependent South African CKD patients. A five year follow up study. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, ethnic variation and hemodynamic correlates
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). In Western countries, Blacks with ESRD appear to have lesser degrees of vascular calcification compared to non-Blacks. However, there is no published...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Department of Medicine
2020
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| _version_ | 1867613265026088960 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Simba, Kudakwashe |
| author2 | Rayner, Brian Lindsay |
| author_browse | Rayner, Brian Lindsay Simba, Kudakwashe |
| author_facet | Rayner, Brian Lindsay Simba, Kudakwashe |
| author_sort | Simba, Kudakwashe |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | BACKGROUND
Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). In Western countries, Blacks with ESRD appear to have lesser degrees of vascular calcification compared to non-Blacks. However, there is no published data on the association of ethnic differences in vascular calcification and survival in ESRD from Sub-Saharan Africa.
METHODS
This study assessed the 5-year change in vascular calcification and mortality in a previously published cohort of patients with ESRD. Vascular calcification was assessed by abdominal aortic calcification score (lateral abdominal radiograph) and vascular stiffness by pulse wave velocity.
RESULTS
Sixty-six of the original 74 participants, studied a baseline, were identified. The median age was 46.6 years (37.6-59.2) and 57.6% were women. Abdominal aortic calcification showed no progression among Blacks [baseline range 0-5, follow up range 0-8 (p=1.00)], but a nonsignificant trend to progression among non-Blacks [baseline range 0-19, follow up range 0-22 (p=0.066)]. Black participants did not display a survival advantage (p=0.870). Overall, sepsis was the most common cause of mortality (64% of those with an identifiable cause of death). Non-Blacks had higher parathyroidectomy rates than Blacks with 9/30 cases compared to 2/36 (p=0.036). After adjustment for parathyroidectomy at follow up, the odds ratio of having abdominal vascular calcification score of ≥1 amongst non-Blacks was 8.6-fold greater compared to Blacks (p= 0.03). Central aortic systolic pressures (CASP) and pulse wave velocities (PWV) were higher in the study population than age matched normative values. At follow up, a positive correlation (r=0.3) was observed between PWV and abdominal aortic calcification (p=0.04). Elevated baseline coronary artery calcification score and FGF-23 level at baseline were not associated with a difference in mortality.
CONCLUSION
There was no significant progression in vascular calcification among Blacks. After adjusting for increased parathyroidectomy rates, there was a greater progression of vascular calcification amongst non-Blacks compared to Blacks highlighting possible ethnic differences in calcium phosphate metabolism in patients with ESRD. The lack of vascular calcification progression in Blacks was not however associated with improved survival, but the sample size was small. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/31257 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:33:23.204Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Department of Medicine |
| publisherStr | Department of Medicine |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/31257 The impact of vascular calcification among dialysis dependent South African CKD patients. A five year follow up study. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, ethnic variation and hemodynamic correlates Simba, Kudakwashe Rayner, Brian Lindsay Chronic kidney disease dialysis vascular calcification vascular stiffness pulse wave velocity FGF- 23 BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). In Western countries, Blacks with ESRD appear to have lesser degrees of vascular calcification compared to non-Blacks. However, there is no published data on the association of ethnic differences in vascular calcification and survival in ESRD from Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS This study assessed the 5-year change in vascular calcification and mortality in a previously published cohort of patients with ESRD. Vascular calcification was assessed by abdominal aortic calcification score (lateral abdominal radiograph) and vascular stiffness by pulse wave velocity. RESULTS Sixty-six of the original 74 participants, studied a baseline, were identified. The median age was 46.6 years (37.6-59.2) and 57.6% were women. Abdominal aortic calcification showed no progression among Blacks [baseline range 0-5, follow up range 0-8 (p=1.00)], but a nonsignificant trend to progression among non-Blacks [baseline range 0-19, follow up range 0-22 (p=0.066)]. Black participants did not display a survival advantage (p=0.870). Overall, sepsis was the most common cause of mortality (64% of those with an identifiable cause of death). Non-Blacks had higher parathyroidectomy rates than Blacks with 9/30 cases compared to 2/36 (p=0.036). After adjustment for parathyroidectomy at follow up, the odds ratio of having abdominal vascular calcification score of ≥1 amongst non-Blacks was 8.6-fold greater compared to Blacks (p= 0.03). Central aortic systolic pressures (CASP) and pulse wave velocities (PWV) were higher in the study population than age matched normative values. At follow up, a positive correlation (r=0.3) was observed between PWV and abdominal aortic calcification (p=0.04). Elevated baseline coronary artery calcification score and FGF-23 level at baseline were not associated with a difference in mortality. CONCLUSION There was no significant progression in vascular calcification among Blacks. After adjusting for increased parathyroidectomy rates, there was a greater progression of vascular calcification amongst non-Blacks compared to Blacks highlighting possible ethnic differences in calcium phosphate metabolism in patients with ESRD. The lack of vascular calcification progression in Blacks was not however associated with improved survival, but the sample size was small. 2020-02-24T11:13:11Z 2020-02-24T11:13:11Z 2019 2020-02-24T08:11:55Z Master Thesis Masters MMed http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31257 eng application/pdf Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences |
| spellingShingle | Chronic kidney disease dialysis vascular calcification vascular stiffness pulse wave velocity FGF- 23 Simba, Kudakwashe The impact of vascular calcification among dialysis dependent South African CKD patients. A five year follow up study. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, ethnic variation and hemodynamic correlates |
| thesis_degree_str | Master's |
| title | The impact of vascular calcification among dialysis dependent South African CKD patients. A five year follow up study. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, ethnic variation and hemodynamic correlates |
| title_full | The impact of vascular calcification among dialysis dependent South African CKD patients. A five year follow up study. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, ethnic variation and hemodynamic correlates |
| title_fullStr | The impact of vascular calcification among dialysis dependent South African CKD patients. A five year follow up study. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, ethnic variation and hemodynamic correlates |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of vascular calcification among dialysis dependent South African CKD patients. A five year follow up study. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, ethnic variation and hemodynamic correlates |
| title_short | The impact of vascular calcification among dialysis dependent South African CKD patients. A five year follow up study. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, ethnic variation and hemodynamic correlates |
| title_sort | impact of vascular calcification among dialysis dependent south african ckd patients a five year follow up study cardiovascular mortality and morbidity ethnic variation and hemodynamic correlates |
| topic | Chronic kidney disease dialysis vascular calcification vascular stiffness pulse wave velocity FGF- 23 |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31257 |
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