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Ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adult residing in four informal settlements in the Western Province of South Africa

Background Many studies investigating the relationship between ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes have been conducted in developed countries despite more vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries especially in Africa. No studies previous studies have been done in...

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Main Author: Bagula, Herman Joseph
Other Authors: Dalvie, Aqiel Mohamed
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: Department of Public Health and Family Medicine 2020
Subjects:
Epidimiology
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access_status_str Open Access
author Bagula, Herman Joseph
author2 Dalvie, Aqiel Mohamed
author_browse Bagula, Herman Joseph
Dalvie, Aqiel Mohamed
author_facet Dalvie, Aqiel Mohamed
Bagula, Herman Joseph
author_sort Bagula, Herman Joseph
collection Thesis
description Background Many studies investigating the relationship between ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes have been conducted in developed countries despite more vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries especially in Africa. No studies previous studies have been done in South Africa informal settlements. Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between ambient air pollutant exposure and self-reported cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adults residing in four informal settlements of the Western Province of South Africa. Methods This cross-sectional study included 572 adults from four informal settlements (Khayelitsha, Marconi Beam, Oudtshoorn and Masiphumele) in the Western Cape, South Africa. The study made use of Land Use Regression to estimate each participant’s exposure to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A questionnaire was adapted from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey questionnaire to collect data on self-reported cardiorespiratory outcomes and specific confounding factors of interest. Results The median age the participants was 39 years (Interquartile Range (IQR): 33 - 45) with 88.5% female. The median NO2 level was 22.4 µg/m3 (IQR: 13.3 - 24.1) and the median PM2.5 level was 10.6 µg/m3 (IQR: 8.7 - 13.1). An increase of 10µg/m3 in annual NO2 level was found to be associated with a 2.9 (95%CI: 1.3 to 6.1) odds of having self-reported chest pain, adjusting for PM2.5 and confounders. No other significant association was found indicating an adverse health effect due to air pollution. Conclusion The study found preliminary circumstantial evidence of an association between annual ambient NO2 exposure and self-reported chest pain (a crude proxy of angina related pain), even at levels below both WHO Air Quality Guidelines and the South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the self-reported nature of the outcome measure and the cross-sectional design of the study.
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institution University of Cape Town (South Africa)
language eng
last_indexed 2026-06-10T12:32:31.718Z
license_str Not specified — see source repository
provenance_str_mv Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository
publishDate 2020
publishDateRange 2020
publishDateSort 2020
publisher Department of Public Health and Family Medicine
publisherStr Department of Public Health and Family Medicine
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source_str UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository
spelling oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/31351 Ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adult residing in four informal settlements in the Western Province of South Africa Bagula, Herman Joseph Dalvie, Aqiel Mohamed Olaniyan,Toyib Adedamola Epidimiology Background Many studies investigating the relationship between ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes have been conducted in developed countries despite more vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries especially in Africa. No studies previous studies have been done in South Africa informal settlements. Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between ambient air pollutant exposure and self-reported cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adults residing in four informal settlements of the Western Province of South Africa. Methods This cross-sectional study included 572 adults from four informal settlements (Khayelitsha, Marconi Beam, Oudtshoorn and Masiphumele) in the Western Cape, South Africa. The study made use of Land Use Regression to estimate each participant’s exposure to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A questionnaire was adapted from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey questionnaire to collect data on self-reported cardiorespiratory outcomes and specific confounding factors of interest. Results The median age the participants was 39 years (Interquartile Range (IQR): 33 - 45) with 88.5% female. The median NO2 level was 22.4 µg/m3 (IQR: 13.3 - 24.1) and the median PM2.5 level was 10.6 µg/m3 (IQR: 8.7 - 13.1). An increase of 10µg/m3 in annual NO2 level was found to be associated with a 2.9 (95%CI: 1.3 to 6.1) odds of having self-reported chest pain, adjusting for PM2.5 and confounders. No other significant association was found indicating an adverse health effect due to air pollution. Conclusion The study found preliminary circumstantial evidence of an association between annual ambient NO2 exposure and self-reported chest pain (a crude proxy of angina related pain), even at levels below both WHO Air Quality Guidelines and the South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the self-reported nature of the outcome measure and the cross-sectional design of the study. 2020-02-27T13:23:45Z 2020-02-27T13:23:45Z 2019 2020-02-27T11:34:27Z Master Thesis Masters MPH http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31351 eng application/pdf Department of Public Health and Family Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences
spellingShingle Epidimiology
Bagula, Herman Joseph
Ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adult residing in four informal settlements in the Western Province of South Africa
thesis_degree_str Master's
title Ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adult residing in four informal settlements in the Western Province of South Africa
title_full Ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adult residing in four informal settlements in the Western Province of South Africa
title_fullStr Ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adult residing in four informal settlements in the Western Province of South Africa
title_full_unstemmed Ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adult residing in four informal settlements in the Western Province of South Africa
title_short Ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adult residing in four informal settlements in the Western Province of South Africa
title_sort ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adult residing in four informal settlements in the western province of south africa
topic Epidimiology
url http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31351
work_keys_str_mv AT bagulahermanjoseph ambientairpollutionandcardiorespiratoryoutcomesamongstadultresidinginfourinformalsettlementsinthewesternprovinceofsouthafrica

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