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Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa: prevalence and factors associated: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: There is a dearth of information regarding prevalence of extensively drugresistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in Africa. Although countries in Africa conduct national tuberculosis surveys on a regular basis, this information has not been systematically reviewed to ascertain the overall preval...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Department of Public Health and Family Medicine
2020
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| _version_ | 1867613172058292224 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Kosmas, Petrus Ndiiluka |
| author2 | Ncayiyana, Jabulani |
| author_browse | Kosmas, Petrus Ndiiluka Ncayiyana, Jabulani |
| author_facet | Ncayiyana, Jabulani Kosmas, Petrus Ndiiluka |
| author_sort | Kosmas, Petrus Ndiiluka |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Background: There is a dearth of information regarding prevalence of extensively drugresistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in Africa. Although countries in Africa conduct national tuberculosis surveys on a regular basis, this information has not been systematically reviewed to ascertain the overall prevalence of XDR-TB in Africa. Methods: The study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and factors associated with prevalence of pulmonary XDR-TB among adults in Africa. Eligible studies, published between 2006 and 2018, were sourced from various electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA (version 14.2) statistical software. The protocol of this review was registered with PROSPERO, reg No CRD42018117037. Result: A total of 6242 records were retrieved. Forty-eight studies were screened for eligibility and seven, which varied in terms of country setting and study design, were included. The prevalence of XDR-TB is 4% (95%CI 2-7) among participants tested for second-line anti-TB drug resistance, and 3% (95%1-6) among participants with drug resistant TB. The prevalence of XDR-TB was 7% (95%CI 1-18) among participants with MDR-TB. A few studies reported on the factors associated with the prevalence of XDR-TB. Discussion: The reported prevalence of XDR-TB among participants tested for second-line anti-TB drug resistance is low compared to WHO estimates. The systematic review underscores a dearth of studies depicting the reality regarding the prevalence of XDR-TB in Africa. Policymakers and stakeholders interested in drug-resistant TB should apply prudence when considering XDR-TB prevalence reported for Africa. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/31604 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:31:54.917Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Department of Public Health and Family Medicine |
| publisherStr | Department of Public Health and Family Medicine |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/31604 Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa: prevalence and factors associated: a systematic review and meta-analysis Kosmas, Petrus Ndiiluka Ncayiyana, Jabulani Engel, Mark E. prevalence tuberculosis extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis drug resistance drug susceptibil Background: There is a dearth of information regarding prevalence of extensively drugresistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in Africa. Although countries in Africa conduct national tuberculosis surveys on a regular basis, this information has not been systematically reviewed to ascertain the overall prevalence of XDR-TB in Africa. Methods: The study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and factors associated with prevalence of pulmonary XDR-TB among adults in Africa. Eligible studies, published between 2006 and 2018, were sourced from various electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA (version 14.2) statistical software. The protocol of this review was registered with PROSPERO, reg No CRD42018117037. Result: A total of 6242 records were retrieved. Forty-eight studies were screened for eligibility and seven, which varied in terms of country setting and study design, were included. The prevalence of XDR-TB is 4% (95%CI 2-7) among participants tested for second-line anti-TB drug resistance, and 3% (95%1-6) among participants with drug resistant TB. The prevalence of XDR-TB was 7% (95%CI 1-18) among participants with MDR-TB. A few studies reported on the factors associated with the prevalence of XDR-TB. Discussion: The reported prevalence of XDR-TB among participants tested for second-line anti-TB drug resistance is low compared to WHO estimates. The systematic review underscores a dearth of studies depicting the reality regarding the prevalence of XDR-TB in Africa. Policymakers and stakeholders interested in drug-resistant TB should apply prudence when considering XDR-TB prevalence reported for Africa. 2020-03-17T10:25:27Z 2020-03-17T10:25:27Z 2019 2020-03-16T14:47:44Z Master Thesis Masters MPH http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31604 eng application/pdf Department of Public Health and Family Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences |
| spellingShingle | prevalence tuberculosis extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis drug resistance drug susceptibil Kosmas, Petrus Ndiiluka Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa: prevalence and factors associated: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| thesis_degree_str | Master's |
| title | Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa: prevalence and factors associated: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa: prevalence and factors associated: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa: prevalence and factors associated: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa: prevalence and factors associated: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa: prevalence and factors associated: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in africa prevalence and factors associated a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | prevalence tuberculosis extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis drug resistance drug susceptibil |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31604 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kosmaspetrusndiiluka extensivelydrugresistanttuberculosisinafricaprevalenceandfactorsassociatedasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis |