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IL-4/IL-13-inducible lincRNA-MIR99AHG regulates macrophage polarization and promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills 1.6 million people worldwide every year, and there is an urgent need for targeting host-pathogen interactions as a strategy to reduce mycobacterial resistance to current antimicrobials. Non-coding RNAs are emerging as important regul...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences
2021
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| _version_ | 1867613305604931584 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Gcanga, Lona |
| author2 | Guler, Reto |
| author_browse | Gcanga, Lona Guler, Reto |
| author_facet | Guler, Reto Gcanga, Lona |
| author_sort | Gcanga, Lona |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills 1.6 million people worldwide every year, and there is an urgent need for targeting host-pathogen interactions as a strategy to reduce mycobacterial resistance to current antimicrobials. Non-coding RNAs are emerging as important regulators of numerous biological processes and avenues for exploitation in host-directed therapeutics. Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundantly expressed in immune cells, their functional role in gene regulation and bacterial infections remains under-studied. Here, we identify an immunoregulatory, lincRNA-MIR99AHG, which is upregulated in macrophages upon IL-4/IL-13 stimulation and downregulated after Mtb infection and in active TB patients. To evaluate the functional role of lincRNA-MIR99AHG, we employed antisense GapmeR-mediated lncRNA knockdown experiments. Knockdown of lincRNA-MIR99AHG with LNA-GapmeRs significantly reduced intracellular Mtb growth in mouse and human macrophages and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production. In addition, in vivo treatment with MIR99AHG LNA-GapmeRs reduced the mycobacterial burden in the lung and spleen. In vivo LNA-GapmeR treatment experiments demonstrated a role of lincRNA-MIR99AHG as a regulator of macrophage polarization and a host-mediated response post Mtb infection. Further, lincRNA-MIR99AHG translocated to the nucleus and interacts with a high affinity to hnRNPA2/B1 following IL-4/IL-13 stimulation and Mtb infection. Together, these findings identify lincRNA-MIR99AHG as a positive regulator of inflammation to promote Mtb growth and a possible for host-directed targeting or for adjunctive therapeutics against TB. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/32630 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:34:00.978Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences |
| publisherStr | Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/32630 IL-4/IL-13-inducible lincRNA-MIR99AHG regulates macrophage polarization and promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gcanga, Lona Guler, Reto Tamgue, Ousman Brombacher, Frank Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills 1.6 million people worldwide every year, and there is an urgent need for targeting host-pathogen interactions as a strategy to reduce mycobacterial resistance to current antimicrobials. Non-coding RNAs are emerging as important regulators of numerous biological processes and avenues for exploitation in host-directed therapeutics. Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundantly expressed in immune cells, their functional role in gene regulation and bacterial infections remains under-studied. Here, we identify an immunoregulatory, lincRNA-MIR99AHG, which is upregulated in macrophages upon IL-4/IL-13 stimulation and downregulated after Mtb infection and in active TB patients. To evaluate the functional role of lincRNA-MIR99AHG, we employed antisense GapmeR-mediated lncRNA knockdown experiments. Knockdown of lincRNA-MIR99AHG with LNA-GapmeRs significantly reduced intracellular Mtb growth in mouse and human macrophages and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production. In addition, in vivo treatment with MIR99AHG LNA-GapmeRs reduced the mycobacterial burden in the lung and spleen. In vivo LNA-GapmeR treatment experiments demonstrated a role of lincRNA-MIR99AHG as a regulator of macrophage polarization and a host-mediated response post Mtb infection. Further, lincRNA-MIR99AHG translocated to the nucleus and interacts with a high affinity to hnRNPA2/B1 following IL-4/IL-13 stimulation and Mtb infection. Together, these findings identify lincRNA-MIR99AHG as a positive regulator of inflammation to promote Mtb growth and a possible for host-directed targeting or for adjunctive therapeutics against TB. 2021-01-21T12:26:44Z 2021-01-21T12:26:44Z 2020 2021-01-21T12:25:43Z Doctoral Thesis Doctoral PhD http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32630 eng application/pdf Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences |
| spellingShingle | Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gcanga, Lona IL-4/IL-13-inducible lincRNA-MIR99AHG regulates macrophage polarization and promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| thesis_degree_str | Doctoral |
| title | IL-4/IL-13-inducible lincRNA-MIR99AHG regulates macrophage polarization and promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_full | IL-4/IL-13-inducible lincRNA-MIR99AHG regulates macrophage polarization and promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | IL-4/IL-13-inducible lincRNA-MIR99AHG regulates macrophage polarization and promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | IL-4/IL-13-inducible lincRNA-MIR99AHG regulates macrophage polarization and promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_short | IL-4/IL-13-inducible lincRNA-MIR99AHG regulates macrophage polarization and promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_sort | il 4 il 13 inducible lincrna mir99ahg regulates macrophage polarization and promotes intracellular survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| topic | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32630 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gcangalona il4il13induciblelincrnamir99ahgregulatesmacrophagepolarizationandpromotesintracellularsurvivalofmycobacteriumtuberculosis |