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The inflammatory potential of the diet of 1-9-year-old children living in two urbanized and economically active provinces in South Africa

The challenge of preventing and treating noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has become a global issue of paramount importance. Climbing obesity rates among children could become a major contributor to the burden of NCDs. While there are numerous factors that contribute to the development of obesity and...

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Main Author: Malczyk, Sonia
Other Authors: Senekal, Marjanne
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: Department of Human Biology 2022
Subjects:
human biology
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access_status_str Open Access
author Malczyk, Sonia
author2 Senekal, Marjanne
author_browse Malczyk, Sonia
Senekal, Marjanne
author_facet Senekal, Marjanne
Malczyk, Sonia
author_sort Malczyk, Sonia
collection Thesis
description The challenge of preventing and treating noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has become a global issue of paramount importance. Climbing obesity rates among children could become a major contributor to the burden of NCDs. While there are numerous factors that contribute to the development of obesity and NCDs, an abundance of research suggests that “sustained inflammation is the common denominator of all chronic disease” (Noland, 2017). Low-grade inflammation is characterized by raised concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers without any overt symptoms (Bonaccio et al., 2017). To date, many studies have demonstrated that unhealthy eating patterns contribute to the development and/or maintenance of low-grade inflammation with particular eating patterns having been categorized as either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory; however, information on the inflammatory potential of the diet of children is sparse, specifically in South Africa. To assess the overall inflammatory potential of an individual's diet, researchers first attempted to provide a tool to classify the inflammatory potential of diets in 2009, with the development of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) tool (Cavicchia et al., 2009). This tool has since been revised and adapted. Key values used in the calculation of the DII include the inflammatory score for each of the 45 parameters in the tool, the mean±SD intake of the population (adults in this case) of each parameter and the mean±SD intake of the actual study sample (Shivappa et al., 2014); however, there is no version of the DII that is suitable for use in children in the South African setting. The aims of this research are: 1) to adapt the DII for application in South African children (the South African Child Dietary Inflammatory Index: the SACDII) (sub-study 1) 2) to apply the SACDII in the investigation of the inflammatory potential of the diet of 1–9-year-old children in two urbanized and economically active provinces in South Africa and the association thereof with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and dietary diversity variables (sub-study 2) SUB-STUDY 1: Adaptation of the DII for use in South African Children Aim: To adapt the DII for application in South Africa by generating a mean±SD intake value for the food parameters on the adult DII (Shivappa et al., 2014) for South African children. Objectives: To identify quantified dietary surveys that involved 1 – 10-year-old South African children published over the last three decades; to obtain the raw data sets (food codes and grams consumed for each food parameter) of identified surveys from the principal investigators (PIs); to generate a nutrient/food data base that includes values for the majority of the 45 food parameters included in the DII (Shivappa et al., 2014); and to combine all raw data obtained and reanalyse the combined data to derive the mean±SD intake of each food parameter using the generated data base.
format Thesis
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institution University of Cape Town (South Africa)
language eng
last_indexed 2026-06-10T12:37:31.514Z
license_str Not specified — see source repository
provenance_str_mv Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository
publishDate 2022
publishDateRange 2022
publishDateSort 2022
publisher Department of Human Biology
publisherStr Department of Human Biology
record_format dspace
source_str UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository
spelling oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/35848 The inflammatory potential of the diet of 1-9-year-old children living in two urbanized and economically active provinces in South Africa Malczyk, Sonia Senekal, Marjanne Eksteen, Gabriel human biology The challenge of preventing and treating noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has become a global issue of paramount importance. Climbing obesity rates among children could become a major contributor to the burden of NCDs. While there are numerous factors that contribute to the development of obesity and NCDs, an abundance of research suggests that “sustained inflammation is the common denominator of all chronic disease” (Noland, 2017). Low-grade inflammation is characterized by raised concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers without any overt symptoms (Bonaccio et al., 2017). To date, many studies have demonstrated that unhealthy eating patterns contribute to the development and/or maintenance of low-grade inflammation with particular eating patterns having been categorized as either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory; however, information on the inflammatory potential of the diet of children is sparse, specifically in South Africa. To assess the overall inflammatory potential of an individual's diet, researchers first attempted to provide a tool to classify the inflammatory potential of diets in 2009, with the development of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) tool (Cavicchia et al., 2009). This tool has since been revised and adapted. Key values used in the calculation of the DII include the inflammatory score for each of the 45 parameters in the tool, the mean±SD intake of the population (adults in this case) of each parameter and the mean±SD intake of the actual study sample (Shivappa et al., 2014); however, there is no version of the DII that is suitable for use in children in the South African setting. The aims of this research are: 1) to adapt the DII for application in South African children (the South African Child Dietary Inflammatory Index: the SACDII) (sub-study 1) 2) to apply the SACDII in the investigation of the inflammatory potential of the diet of 1–9-year-old children in two urbanized and economically active provinces in South Africa and the association thereof with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and dietary diversity variables (sub-study 2) SUB-STUDY 1: Adaptation of the DII for use in South African Children Aim: To adapt the DII for application in South Africa by generating a mean±SD intake value for the food parameters on the adult DII (Shivappa et al., 2014) for South African children. Objectives: To identify quantified dietary surveys that involved 1 – 10-year-old South African children published over the last three decades; to obtain the raw data sets (food codes and grams consumed for each food parameter) of identified surveys from the principal investigators (PIs); to generate a nutrient/food data base that includes values for the majority of the 45 food parameters included in the DII (Shivappa et al., 2014); and to combine all raw data obtained and reanalyse the combined data to derive the mean±SD intake of each food parameter using the generated data base. 2022-02-24T14:27:01Z 2022-02-24T14:27:01Z 2021 2022-02-24T14:26:33Z Master Thesis Masters MMed http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35848 eng application/pdf Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences
spellingShingle human biology
Malczyk, Sonia
The inflammatory potential of the diet of 1-9-year-old children living in two urbanized and economically active provinces in South Africa
thesis_degree_str Master's
title The inflammatory potential of the diet of 1-9-year-old children living in two urbanized and economically active provinces in South Africa
title_full The inflammatory potential of the diet of 1-9-year-old children living in two urbanized and economically active provinces in South Africa
title_fullStr The inflammatory potential of the diet of 1-9-year-old children living in two urbanized and economically active provinces in South Africa
title_full_unstemmed The inflammatory potential of the diet of 1-9-year-old children living in two urbanized and economically active provinces in South Africa
title_short The inflammatory potential of the diet of 1-9-year-old children living in two urbanized and economically active provinces in South Africa
title_sort inflammatory potential of the diet of 1 9 year old children living in two urbanized and economically active provinces in south africa
topic human biology
url http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35848
work_keys_str_mv AT malczyksonia theinflammatorypotentialofthedietof19yearoldchildrenlivingintwourbanizedandeconomicallyactiveprovincesinsouthafrica
AT malczyksonia inflammatorypotentialofthedietof19yearoldchildrenlivingintwourbanizedandeconomicallyactiveprovincesinsouthafrica

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