Full Text Available
Note: Clicking the button above will open the full text document at the original institutional repository in a new window.
The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become worldwide pandemics, particularly in low middle-income countries and among African-origin populations. The Modeling of Epidemiological Transition Study (METS, 2009) enrolled 2,506 African-origin participants, aged 25-45, from five countries and its ancil...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Department of Public Health and Family Medicine
2025
|
| Subjects: | |
| Tags: |
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1867613226151182337 |
|---|---|
| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Conradie, Catharina Beatrix |
| author2 | Dugas, Lara |
| author_browse | Conradie, Catharina Beatrix Dugas, Lara |
| author_facet | Dugas, Lara Conradie, Catharina Beatrix |
| author_sort | Conradie, Catharina Beatrix |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become worldwide pandemics, particularly in low middle-income countries and among African-origin populations. The Modeling of Epidemiological Transition Study (METS, 2009) enrolled 2,506 African-origin participants, aged 25-45, from five countries and its ancillary study; METS-Microbiome, continued yearly research visits in 2,085 participants (2018-2019). The countries represent the full epidemiological transition spectrum, represented by the Human Development Index: Ghana (low), South Africa and Jamaica, (middle), Seychelles (high) and the United States (US) (very high). Research visits included anthropometrics, body composition measurements, social history, socio-demographics and health questionnaires, physical activity by accelerometer and clinical measurements. Overall, 732 participants had complete measurements from both METS (baseline) and METS-Microbiome (follow-up). At baseline, the US participants had the highest obesity prevalence (61.0%) and Ghanaians the lowest (11.5%). However, the obesity prevalence increased significantly, most notably among the Ghanaians (125%; p<0.001), and Seychellois (60.7%; p<0.01). Significant obesity predictors included being females, waist circumference and fat mass (p<0.001). The interaction term for follow-up length and site was significant with higher odds of obesity compared to baseline; Ghana (OR 6.62, 95%CI 1.56-28.35), Jamaica (OR 4.57, 95%CI 1.06-8.88) and Seychelles (OR 4.31, 95%CI 1.12-16.57). The US participants had the highest T2D prevalence (10,0%) and Jamaicans (0%) at baseline. However, the Seychellois experienced a 600% increase in T2D prevalence (p<0.01) accompanied by the highest T2D and obesity incidence rate. The interaction term for follow up length and site was similarly significant with higher odds of T2D at follow-up; Seychellois (OR 10.00, 95%CI 1.83-54.52) and US (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.17-4.66). Age (p=0.002) and waist circumference (p=0.016) were significant T2D predictors. In conclusion, the study underscores significant increases in obesity and T2D rates, not only in high-income countries but also in rapid transitioning settings, highlighting concerns about healthcare resources readiness for the growing global burden of non-communicable diseases. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/40853 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:32:46.693Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Department of Public Health and Family Medicine |
| publisherStr | Department of Public Health and Family Medicine |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/40853 The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations Conradie, Catharina Beatrix Dugas, Lara Obesity type 2 diabetes prevalence incidence African-origin populations Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become worldwide pandemics, particularly in low middle-income countries and among African-origin populations. The Modeling of Epidemiological Transition Study (METS, 2009) enrolled 2,506 African-origin participants, aged 25-45, from five countries and its ancillary study; METS-Microbiome, continued yearly research visits in 2,085 participants (2018-2019). The countries represent the full epidemiological transition spectrum, represented by the Human Development Index: Ghana (low), South Africa and Jamaica, (middle), Seychelles (high) and the United States (US) (very high). Research visits included anthropometrics, body composition measurements, social history, socio-demographics and health questionnaires, physical activity by accelerometer and clinical measurements. Overall, 732 participants had complete measurements from both METS (baseline) and METS-Microbiome (follow-up). At baseline, the US participants had the highest obesity prevalence (61.0%) and Ghanaians the lowest (11.5%). However, the obesity prevalence increased significantly, most notably among the Ghanaians (125%; p<0.001), and Seychellois (60.7%; p<0.01). Significant obesity predictors included being females, waist circumference and fat mass (p<0.001). The interaction term for follow-up length and site was significant with higher odds of obesity compared to baseline; Ghana (OR 6.62, 95%CI 1.56-28.35), Jamaica (OR 4.57, 95%CI 1.06-8.88) and Seychelles (OR 4.31, 95%CI 1.12-16.57). The US participants had the highest T2D prevalence (10,0%) and Jamaicans (0%) at baseline. However, the Seychellois experienced a 600% increase in T2D prevalence (p<0.01) accompanied by the highest T2D and obesity incidence rate. The interaction term for follow up length and site was similarly significant with higher odds of T2D at follow-up; Seychellois (OR 10.00, 95%CI 1.83-54.52) and US (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.17-4.66). Age (p=0.002) and waist circumference (p=0.016) were significant T2D predictors. In conclusion, the study underscores significant increases in obesity and T2D rates, not only in high-income countries but also in rapid transitioning settings, highlighting concerns about healthcare resources readiness for the growing global burden of non-communicable diseases. 2025-01-30T14:25:04Z 2025-01-30T14:25:04Z 2024 2025-01-30T10:55:30Z Thesis / Dissertation Masters MPH http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40853 eng application/pdf Department of Public Health and Family Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences |
| spellingShingle | Obesity type 2 diabetes prevalence incidence African-origin populations Conradie, Catharina Beatrix The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations |
| thesis_degree_str | Master's |
| title | The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations |
| title_full | The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations |
| title_fullStr | The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations |
| title_full_unstemmed | The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations |
| title_short | The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations |
| title_sort | 8 year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five african origin populations |
| topic | Obesity type 2 diabetes prevalence incidence African-origin populations |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40853 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT conradiecatharinabeatrix the8yearincidenceofobesityandtype2diabetesinfiveafricanoriginpopulations AT conradiecatharinabeatrix 8yearincidenceofobesityandtype2diabetesinfiveafricanoriginpopulations |