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Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis
For many years, methamphetamine associated psychosis (MAP) has been viewed as a symptomatic, genetic, and morphological blueprint for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) (Aoki et al., 2013; Grant et al., 2012; Uhlmann et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2021). MAP is currently diagnosed as a substance ind...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | Eng |
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Department of Psychology
2025
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| _version_ | 1867613276660039680 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Gribble, Amy |
| author2 | Malcolm-Smith, Susan |
| author_browse | Gribble, Amy Malcolm-Smith, Susan |
| author_facet | Malcolm-Smith, Susan Gribble, Amy |
| author_sort | Gribble, Amy |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | For many years, methamphetamine associated psychosis (MAP) has been viewed as a symptomatic, genetic, and morphological blueprint for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) (Aoki et al., 2013; Grant et al., 2012; Uhlmann et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2021). MAP is currently diagnosed as a substance induced disorder; however, many researchers suggest that MAP may represent a transition into SSD following substance use (McKetin, 2018). The current study investigated global and local gyrification indices (GI) as a potential neurodevelopmental biomarker for psychosis vulnerability in three quasi-experimental groups; methamphetamine users without psychosis (n=21), individuals with MAP (n=18) and healthy controls (n=21). Gyrification indices were determined for each participant using Freesurfer 7.2 and compared across groups with age and sex as covariates in a multivariate analysis of co-variance (MANCOVA). The results demonstrate that group membership alone significantly accounts for 32% of the variation in overall gyrification (F(12, 106) = 1.87, p=.06, η²=0.16; Wilk's lambda = 0.68, p=.04). Follow-up ANCOVAs suggest that individuals who use methamphetamine have higher temporal gyrification than MAP and control participants, although this result was not statistically significant. There was also a significant effect of age on gyrification (F(6, 50) = 5.37, p<.01, η²=0.39; Wilk's lambda = .61, p<.01). Further associations between gyrification and age (r=-0.43, p<0.05), cannabis use and temporal gyrification (r=0.29, p<0.05), alcohol use and temporal (r=0.34, p<0.05) and parietal gyrification were found (r=0.26, p<0.05), as well as age of methamphetamine use onset (r=-0.40, p<0.05). These results offer more evidence on the harmful effects of drug use on brain structure, posing new questions around the developmental basis of gyrification and its status as a biomarker for disease. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/40951 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | Eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:33:33.643Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Department of Psychology |
| publisherStr | Department of Psychology |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/40951 Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis Gribble, Amy Malcolm-Smith, Susan Psychology For many years, methamphetamine associated psychosis (MAP) has been viewed as a symptomatic, genetic, and morphological blueprint for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) (Aoki et al., 2013; Grant et al., 2012; Uhlmann et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2021). MAP is currently diagnosed as a substance induced disorder; however, many researchers suggest that MAP may represent a transition into SSD following substance use (McKetin, 2018). The current study investigated global and local gyrification indices (GI) as a potential neurodevelopmental biomarker for psychosis vulnerability in three quasi-experimental groups; methamphetamine users without psychosis (n=21), individuals with MAP (n=18) and healthy controls (n=21). Gyrification indices were determined for each participant using Freesurfer 7.2 and compared across groups with age and sex as covariates in a multivariate analysis of co-variance (MANCOVA). The results demonstrate that group membership alone significantly accounts for 32% of the variation in overall gyrification (F(12, 106) = 1.87, p=.06, η²=0.16; Wilk's lambda = 0.68, p=.04). Follow-up ANCOVAs suggest that individuals who use methamphetamine have higher temporal gyrification than MAP and control participants, although this result was not statistically significant. There was also a significant effect of age on gyrification (F(6, 50) = 5.37, p<.01, η²=0.39; Wilk's lambda = .61, p<.01). Further associations between gyrification and age (r=-0.43, p<0.05), cannabis use and temporal gyrification (r=0.29, p<0.05), alcohol use and temporal (r=0.34, p<0.05) and parietal gyrification were found (r=0.26, p<0.05), as well as age of methamphetamine use onset (r=-0.40, p<0.05). These results offer more evidence on the harmful effects of drug use on brain structure, posing new questions around the developmental basis of gyrification and its status as a biomarker for disease. 2025-02-13T13:13:38Z 2025-02-13T13:13:38Z 2024 2025-02-13T13:02:11Z Thesis / Dissertation Masters http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40951 Eng application/pdf Department of Psychology Faculty of Humanities University of Cape Town |
| spellingShingle | Psychology Gribble, Amy Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis |
| thesis_degree_str | Master's |
| title | Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis |
| title_full | Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis |
| title_fullStr | Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis |
| title_short | Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis |
| title_sort | cortical gyrification in methamphetamine associated psychosis a potential neurodevelopmental biomarker for risk of psychosis |
| topic | Psychology |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40951 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gribbleamy corticalgyrificationinmethamphetamineassociatedpsychosisapotentialneurodevelopmentalbiomarkerforriskofpsychosis |