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Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships
Identification performance is poorer for ethnic outgroup members relative to in-group members (Laurence et al., 2016). This outgroup identification deficit is referred to in this thesis as the Outgroup Ethnic Nationality Effect (OENE). Such misidentifications, while often earnest, translate into wro...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
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Department of Psychology
2025
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| _version_ | 1867613151061606400 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Mac Donnell, Jade |
| author2 | Tredoux, Colin |
| author_browse | Mac Donnell, Jade Tredoux, Colin |
| author_facet | Tredoux, Colin Mac Donnell, Jade |
| author_sort | Mac Donnell, Jade |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Identification performance is poorer for ethnic outgroup members relative to in-group members (Laurence et al., 2016). This outgroup identification deficit is referred to in this thesis as the Outgroup Ethnic Nationality Effect (OENE). Such misidentifications, while often earnest, translate into wrongful convictions with a high fiscal and social cost. Consequently, while the theoretical underpinnings thereof and means with which to attenuate such an identification deficit have been extensively studied, a paradoxical finding has emerged with regard to outgroup contact and the OENE. Outgroup contact is central to theoretical explanations of the OENE and higher levels of outgroup contact have been associated with improvements in outgroup identification performance and yet, the strength of the observed relationship between outgroup contact and the OENE remains small (Meissner & Brigham, 2001; Singh et al., 2021; Young et al., 2012). This research therefore sought to investigate this relationship by including and accounting for the influence of outgroup prejudice. This meta-analysis aggregated 53 years of research on the outgroup prejudice, outgroup contact, and OENE relationships and made use of matched-to-sample outgroup prejudice data to explore the moderating role of outgroup prejudice. Included studies tested memory for outgroup faces via an identification task and the final sample included data from 8418 participants spanning 54 studies. Consistent with prior studies, all outgroup contact OENE relationships were small in strength and affirmed the associated gains in outgroup identification performance when outgroup contact increased. Higher outgroup prejudice was associated with a reduction in outgroup contact and higher outgroup prejudice was associated with a decrement in outgroup identification performance. The findings support the tri directional relationship between outgroup contact, outgroup prejudice and the OENE. Future studies should not ignore the interconnected nature thereof and should measure outgroup prejudice alongside outgroup contact and OENE data. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/42360 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | English eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:31:34.243Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Department of Psychology |
| publisherStr | Department of Psychology |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/42360 Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships Mac Donnell, Jade Tredoux, Colin Outgroup Ethnic Nationality Effect Meta-analysis Outgroup Identification Outgroup Recognition Merged Prejudice Data Own race bias Own race effect Own group bias Identification performance is poorer for ethnic outgroup members relative to in-group members (Laurence et al., 2016). This outgroup identification deficit is referred to in this thesis as the Outgroup Ethnic Nationality Effect (OENE). Such misidentifications, while often earnest, translate into wrongful convictions with a high fiscal and social cost. Consequently, while the theoretical underpinnings thereof and means with which to attenuate such an identification deficit have been extensively studied, a paradoxical finding has emerged with regard to outgroup contact and the OENE. Outgroup contact is central to theoretical explanations of the OENE and higher levels of outgroup contact have been associated with improvements in outgroup identification performance and yet, the strength of the observed relationship between outgroup contact and the OENE remains small (Meissner & Brigham, 2001; Singh et al., 2021; Young et al., 2012). This research therefore sought to investigate this relationship by including and accounting for the influence of outgroup prejudice. This meta-analysis aggregated 53 years of research on the outgroup prejudice, outgroup contact, and OENE relationships and made use of matched-to-sample outgroup prejudice data to explore the moderating role of outgroup prejudice. Included studies tested memory for outgroup faces via an identification task and the final sample included data from 8418 participants spanning 54 studies. Consistent with prior studies, all outgroup contact OENE relationships were small in strength and affirmed the associated gains in outgroup identification performance when outgroup contact increased. Higher outgroup prejudice was associated with a reduction in outgroup contact and higher outgroup prejudice was associated with a decrement in outgroup identification performance. The findings support the tri directional relationship between outgroup contact, outgroup prejudice and the OENE. Future studies should not ignore the interconnected nature thereof and should measure outgroup prejudice alongside outgroup contact and OENE data. 2025-11-26T13:42:43Z 2025-11-26T13:42:43Z 2025 2025-11-26T13:40:10Z Thesis / Dissertation Masters MA http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42360 en eng application/pdf Department of Psychology Faculty of Humanities University of Cape Town |
| spellingShingle | Outgroup Ethnic Nationality Effect Meta-analysis Outgroup Identification Outgroup Recognition Merged Prejudice Data Own race bias Own race effect Own group bias Mac Donnell, Jade Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships |
| thesis_degree_str | Master's |
| title | Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships |
| title_full | Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships |
| title_fullStr | Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships |
| title_full_unstemmed | Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships |
| title_short | Meta-analytic review of the contact, outgroup ethnic-nationality effect (OENE) and prejudice relationships |
| title_sort | meta analytic review of the contact outgroup ethnic nationality effect oene and prejudice relationships |
| topic | Outgroup Ethnic Nationality Effect Meta-analysis Outgroup Identification Outgroup Recognition Merged Prejudice Data Own race bias Own race effect Own group bias |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42360 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT macdonnelljade metaanalyticreviewofthecontactoutgroupethnicnationalityeffectoeneandprejudicerelationships |