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The Prevalence and Determinants of Depression and Anxiety Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living with HIV in the Nampula Province, Mozambique
Adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV) in Mozambique represent a uniquely vulnerable demographic, faced with considerable challenges along the HIV care continuum, which are further compounded by their elevated risk of common mental disorders (CMDs). Despite this dual burden, and the p...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
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Department of Public Health and Family Medicine
2026
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| _version_ | 1869483666758959104 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Blacher, Ashlee |
| author2 | Mogoba, Pheposadi |
| author_browse | Blacher, Ashlee Mogoba, Pheposadi |
| author_facet | Mogoba, Pheposadi Blacher, Ashlee |
| author_sort | Blacher, Ashlee |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV) in Mozambique represent a uniquely vulnerable demographic, faced with considerable challenges along the HIV care continuum, which are further compounded by their elevated risk of common mental disorders (CMDs). Despite this dual burden, and the purported deleterious treatment outcomes associated with this comorbidity, research in this context remains scarce. We examined the prevalence and determinants of depressive and anxiety disorder symptoms among AYAHIV in Nampula, Mozambique. This study was informed by cross-sectional data from post-intervention surveys from the CombinADO study, a cluster randomized control trial conducted among 1,715 AYAHIV, aged 10 to 24 years, across 12 clinics in the Nampula Province, Northern Mozambique. 1,358 AYAHIV, aged 1524 years, were included for analysis. We used logistic mixed effects models to assess factors associated with depressive and anxiety disorder symptoms. Among Mozambiquan AYAHIV, 21.7% screened positive for depressive symptoms and 21.1% for anxiety symptoms, with higher rates of anxiety symptoms in females (22.33% vs 16.77%, p=0.035) and higher rates of depressive symptoms in those aged 15-19 years (24.63% vs 19.78%, p=0.034). Key risk factors for depressive symptoms included lower family social support (aOR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) and higher internalized HIV stigma (aOR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.48), while protective factors included being a high-school non-completer and below (aOR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.57), higher ART adherence (aOR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.00), and lower friend social support (aOR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.92). For anxiety symptoms, risk factors included female sex (aOR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.34, 3.33), being in a non-cohabitating romantic relationship (aOR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.71), and higher internalized HIV stigma (aOR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.30). These findings contribute to the emerging body of evidence on the burden of CMDs among AYAHIV in SSA and Mozambique, underscoring the critical need for targeted mental health services in this setting. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/43383 |
| institution | University of Cape Town (South Africa) |
| language | English eng |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-01T04:02:37.929Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateRange | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
| publisher | Department of Public Health and Family Medicine |
| publisherStr | Department of Public Health and Family Medicine |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository |
| spelling | oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/43383 The Prevalence and Determinants of Depression and Anxiety Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living with HIV in the Nampula Province, Mozambique Blacher, Ashlee Mogoba, Pheposadi Adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV) mental health depression anxiety determinants Mozambique Adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV) in Mozambique represent a uniquely vulnerable demographic, faced with considerable challenges along the HIV care continuum, which are further compounded by their elevated risk of common mental disorders (CMDs). Despite this dual burden, and the purported deleterious treatment outcomes associated with this comorbidity, research in this context remains scarce. We examined the prevalence and determinants of depressive and anxiety disorder symptoms among AYAHIV in Nampula, Mozambique. This study was informed by cross-sectional data from post-intervention surveys from the CombinADO study, a cluster randomized control trial conducted among 1,715 AYAHIV, aged 10 to 24 years, across 12 clinics in the Nampula Province, Northern Mozambique. 1,358 AYAHIV, aged 1524 years, were included for analysis. We used logistic mixed effects models to assess factors associated with depressive and anxiety disorder symptoms. Among Mozambiquan AYAHIV, 21.7% screened positive for depressive symptoms and 21.1% for anxiety symptoms, with higher rates of anxiety symptoms in females (22.33% vs 16.77%, p=0.035) and higher rates of depressive symptoms in those aged 15-19 years (24.63% vs 19.78%, p=0.034). Key risk factors for depressive symptoms included lower family social support (aOR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) and higher internalized HIV stigma (aOR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.48), while protective factors included being a high-school non-completer and below (aOR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.57), higher ART adherence (aOR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.00), and lower friend social support (aOR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.92). For anxiety symptoms, risk factors included female sex (aOR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.34, 3.33), being in a non-cohabitating romantic relationship (aOR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.71), and higher internalized HIV stigma (aOR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.30). These findings contribute to the emerging body of evidence on the burden of CMDs among AYAHIV in SSA and Mozambique, underscoring the critical need for targeted mental health services in this setting. 2026-06-25T09:46:20Z 2026-06-25T09:46:20Z 2026 2026-06-25T09:45:02Z Thesis / Dissertation Masters MPH http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43383 en eng application/pdf Department of Public Health and Family Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town |
| spellingShingle | Adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV) mental health depression anxiety determinants Mozambique Blacher, Ashlee The Prevalence and Determinants of Depression and Anxiety Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living with HIV in the Nampula Province, Mozambique |
| thesis_degree_str | Master's |
| title | The Prevalence and Determinants of Depression and Anxiety Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living with HIV in the Nampula Province, Mozambique |
| title_full | The Prevalence and Determinants of Depression and Anxiety Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living with HIV in the Nampula Province, Mozambique |
| title_fullStr | The Prevalence and Determinants of Depression and Anxiety Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living with HIV in the Nampula Province, Mozambique |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Prevalence and Determinants of Depression and Anxiety Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living with HIV in the Nampula Province, Mozambique |
| title_short | The Prevalence and Determinants of Depression and Anxiety Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living with HIV in the Nampula Province, Mozambique |
| title_sort | prevalence and determinants of depression and anxiety among adolescents and young adults living with hiv in the nampula province mozambique |
| topic | Adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV) mental health depression anxiety determinants Mozambique |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43383 |
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