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Heavy Metal Contamination of Paediatric Paracetamol and Ascorbic Acid Drug Products in South-West Nigeria.
Background: Water is a primary contributor to human populations’ heavy metals exposure and industrial contamination of products. Consequently, paediatric medications because of their high-water constitution can contribute significantly to intake of heavy metals in excess of allowable limits. There i...
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2019
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| LEADER | 00000njm a2000000a 4500 | ||
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| 001 | oai:repository.ui.edu.ng:123456789/12098 | ||
| 042 | |a dc | ||
| 720 | |a Thomas, O. E. |e author | ||
| 720 | |a Itopa, M. O. |e author | ||
| 720 | |a Adegoke, O. A. |e author | ||
| 260 | |c 2019 | ||
| 520 | |a Background: Water is a primary contributor to human populations’ heavy metals exposure and industrial contamination of products. Consequently, paediatric medications because of their high-water constitution can contribute significantly to intake of heavy metals in excess of allowable limits. There is therefore a need for effective preventive and control strategies. Unfortunately, studies investigating heavy metal content in paediatric formulations in Nigeria are scarce and often limited in the range of elements assayed. Objective: To evaluate elemental impurities in the two most frequently administered paediatric medications-paracetamol and ascorbic acid marketed in South-west Nigeria. Methods: Thirteen paediatric syrup brands were used for the study. Sample pretreatment involved dry ashing followed by digestion using concentrated aqua regia (nitric acid:hydrochloric acid, 3:1). Chromium, lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, nickel, cobalt and manganese were assayed with the atomic absorption spectrophotometer with the limit of detection set at 0.001. Results: The most abundant metal ions present in all the formulations were chromium (1.16-1290.2 mg/) and nickel (2.37-1289.0 mg/L). Cadmium was detected at low concentration in only two of the brands while lead was detected in three brands at concentrations ranging from 0.09 - 0.12 mg/L. The calculated expected daily exposures of lead in the three brands were in excess of the permissible daily exposure for oral drug products. Conclusion: Some of the paracetamol and vitamin C syrups sold in the South-West of Nigeria are contaminated with cadmium, nickel and lead. | ||
| 024 | 8 | |a 2384-6674 | |
| 024 | 8 | |a ui_art_thomas_heavy_2019 | |
| 024 | 8 | |a West African Journal of Pharmacy 30(2) pp. 66-74 | |
| 024 | 8 | |a https://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/12098 | |
| 653 | |a Elemental impurity | ||
| 653 | |a Heavy metal poisoning | ||
| 653 | |a Paediatric formulations | ||
| 653 | |a Paracetamol | ||
| 653 | |a Ascorbic acid | ||
| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Heavy Metal Contamination of Paediatric Paracetamol and Ascorbic Acid Drug Products in South-West Nigeria. |