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Development of improved foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) assays with a focus on small ruminants in southern Africa
Thesis (PhD (Production Animal Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2024.
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University of Pretoria
2025
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| _version_ | 1867613661316513792 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Fosgate, Geoffrey Theodore |
| author_browse | Fosgate, Geoffrey Theodore |
| author_facet | Fosgate, Geoffrey Theodore |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2023 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Thesis (PhD (Production Animal Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2024. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/100767 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:39:41.715Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/100767 Development of improved foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) assays with a focus on small ruminants in southern Africa Fosgate, Geoffrey Theodore latoyaseoke@gmail.com Heath, Livio Opperman, Pamela A. Seoke, La-Toya UCTD Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) RT-LAMP Small ruminants Foot-and-mouth disease Molecular evolution Thesis (PhD (Production Animal Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2024. As an economically important livestock disease, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) requires adequate strategies for its control. In southern Africa, FMD is endemic and threatens the livelihood of smallholder farmers who rear goats, sheep and cattle for subsistence. However, goats and sheep (small ruminants) are largely ignored in routine surveillance and vaccination campaigns in endemic areas. Furthermore, due to the occurrence of subclinical infection, they pose the risk of facilitating the silent spread of the disease to other livestock animals. To improve the effectiveness of FMD control, established diagnostic assays should be validated/verified for use in small ruminant species in addition to the development of rapid and accurate next-generation assays. The aim of this study was to improve FMD diagnostic tests used on small ruminants and to investigate the molecular evolution of Foot-and-Mouth-Disease Virus (FMDV) in sub-Saharan Africa as a first step to future development of advanced diagnostic tools tailored to the region. The first study optimized and verified a single-spot solid-phase competitive ELISA (ss-SPCE) for the detection of antibodies against FMDV Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes in goats and sheep sera collected from South Africa. The second study developed and preliminarily validated a field-deployable reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the detection of FMDV serotype SAT1 topotype II viruses. The third study explored the molecular evolution of FMDV SAT serotypes from sub-Saharan African isolates sampled between 1934 and 2022. The optimized ss-SPCE assay successfully measured the prevalence of disease in small ruminants during an active SAT2 outbreak in South Africa. The developed RT-LAMP test was highly specific and proved to be a propitious next-generation assay for the diagnosis of SAT serotypes in southern Africa. The molecular evolution findings indicated that the SAT serotypes continue to evolve as seen with the continuous discovery of new topotypes across the continent over the years. With continued disease surveillance and outbreak investigations, the data will be beneficial to the development of tailored diagnostic tools for the region. University of Pretoria Doctoral Support Program Agricultural Research Council of South Africa (Transboundary Animal Diseases Program) Red Meat Research and Development of South Africa (RMRD SA) Production Animal Studies PhD (Production Animal Studies) Unrestricted Faculty of Veterinary Science SDG-02: Zero hunger 2025-02-12T09:49:01Z 2025-02-12T09:49:01Z 2025-05 2024-07 Thesis * A2025 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/100767 https://doi.org/10.25403/UPresearchdata.28395068 en © 2023 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) RT-LAMP Small ruminants Foot-and-mouth disease Molecular evolution Development of improved foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) assays with a focus on small ruminants in southern Africa |
| title | Development of improved foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) assays with a focus on small ruminants in southern Africa |
| title_full | Development of improved foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) assays with a focus on small ruminants in southern Africa |
| title_fullStr | Development of improved foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) assays with a focus on small ruminants in southern Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of improved foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) assays with a focus on small ruminants in southern Africa |
| title_short | Development of improved foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) assays with a focus on small ruminants in southern Africa |
| title_sort | development of improved foot and mouth disease fmd assays with a focus on small ruminants in southern africa |
| topic | UCTD Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) RT-LAMP Small ruminants Foot-and-mouth disease Molecular evolution |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/100767 https://doi.org/10.25403/UPresearchdata.28395068 |