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Addressing anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus strains in small ruminants through alternative strategies with a focus on Moringa oleifera extracts
Dissertation (MSc (Agric) (Animal Science: Animal Nutrition))--University of Pretoria, 2024.
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University of Pretoria
2025
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| _version_ | 1867613590225158144 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Du Toit, C.J.L. |
| author_browse | Du Toit, C.J.L. |
| author_facet | Du Toit, C.J.L. |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2024 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MSc (Agric) (Animal Science: Animal Nutrition))--University of Pretoria, 2024. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/103053 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:38:33.924Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/103053 Addressing anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus strains in small ruminants through alternative strategies with a focus on Moringa oleifera extracts Du Toit, C.J.L. u17028133@tuks.co.za McGaw, L.J. Leask, R. Dreyer, Johannes A. UCTD Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Haemonchus contortus Moringa oleifera Phytochemicals Anthelmintic resistance Alternative control strategies Dissertation (MSc (Agric) (Animal Science: Animal Nutrition))--University of Pretoria, 2024. Anthelmintic resistance poses a significant threat to small-stock farming worldwide, with Haemonchus contortus being a major contributor to production losses and the deterioration of animal health. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) in livestock production systems to combat Haemonchosis and anthelmintic resistance in small stock farms. This growing crisis threatens the sustainability of small-stock production, particularly in tropical regions where parasitic loads are high. One promising alternative to combat Haemonchosis is the use of phytochemical compounds derived from M. oleifera. In vitro inhibitory effects of M. oleifera on Haemonchus contortus larval motility and egg hatchability have been previously reported in literature. In the current study ethanolic extracts from commercially sourced M. oleifera leaf and seed samples were analysed for phytochemical composition through UPLC-UV/QTOF/MS. Previous research reported that terpenoids, cinnamic acids, alkaloids, flavones and saponins are effective biochemical compounds against Haemonchus contortus. The analysis of the crude M. oleifera leaf and seed extracts revealed the presence of potentially bioactive menthane monoterpenoids, secoiridoid monoterpenoids and cinnamic acids like cimicifugic acid. This highlighted the potential for M. oleifera to be included in management strategies against Haemonchosis in livestock. The M. oleifera extracts were further fractionated into seven (leaves) and five fractions (seeds) according to polarity and evaluated for their effects on larval motility and egg hatchability in vitro. For M. oleifera leaves, the average crude extract egg mortalities were recorded as 89.0%, 76.7%, and 100.0% for concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg/ml respectively. Similarly, the average crude extract larvae mortalities were 30.1%, 51.8%, and 54.3% for the same concentrations. Regarding M. oleifera seed extracts, the average egg mortalities were 80.7%, 95%, and 76.5% for concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg/ml respectively. Correspondingly, the average crude extract larval mortalities were 25.6%, 25.1%, and 28.9% for the same concentrations. Fraction 6 from M. oleifera leaves and fractions 5 and 3 from seeds exhibited the highest mortality percentages for both egg hatch and larval survivability assays, reaching up to 96.9% and 94.5% for leaves, and 94.6% and 71.4% for seeds respectively. By exploring innovative alternative approaches to address the challenge of anthelmintic resistance, this study aimed to potentially enhance the resilience and sustainability of the sheep production sector, concurrently fostering animal health and welfare. Cape Wool SA Animal and Wildlife Sciences MSc (Agric) (Animal Science: Animal Nutrition) Unrestricted Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences SDG-12: Responsible consumption and production SDG-17: Partnerships for the goals SDG-08: Decent work and economic growth SDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure 2025-06-30T07:51:08Z 2025-06-30T07:51:08Z 2025-09 2024-11 Dissertation * S2025 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/103053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25403/UPresearchdata.29418143.v1 https://doi.org/10.25403/UPresearchdata.29418143 en © 2024 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Haemonchus contortus Moringa oleifera Phytochemicals Anthelmintic resistance Alternative control strategies Addressing anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus strains in small ruminants through alternative strategies with a focus on Moringa oleifera extracts |
| title | Addressing anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus strains in small ruminants through alternative strategies with a focus on Moringa oleifera extracts |
| title_full | Addressing anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus strains in small ruminants through alternative strategies with a focus on Moringa oleifera extracts |
| title_fullStr | Addressing anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus strains in small ruminants through alternative strategies with a focus on Moringa oleifera extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Addressing anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus strains in small ruminants through alternative strategies with a focus on Moringa oleifera extracts |
| title_short | Addressing anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus strains in small ruminants through alternative strategies with a focus on Moringa oleifera extracts |
| title_sort | addressing anthelmintic resistance in haemonchus contortus strains in small ruminants through alternative strategies with a focus on moringa oleifera extracts |
| topic | UCTD Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Haemonchus contortus Moringa oleifera Phytochemicals Anthelmintic resistance Alternative control strategies |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/103053 https://doi.org/10.25403/UPresearchdata.29418143 |