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Engineering geological assessment and rock mass characterization of the Asmari formation (Zagros range) as large dam foundation rocks in southwestern Iran
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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University of Pretoria
2013
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| _version_ | 1867613704274575360 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Van Rooy, J.L. (Jan Louis) |
| author_browse | Van Rooy, J.L. (Jan Louis) |
| author_facet | Van Rooy, J.L. (Jan Louis) |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2012 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/24303 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:40:22.637Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateRange | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/24303 Engineering geological assessment and rock mass characterization of the Asmari formation (Zagros range) as large dam foundation rocks in southwestern Iran Van Rooy, J.L. (Jan Louis) Bumby, Adam John mehran.koleini@gmail.com Koleini, Mehran Agha jari formation Rock mass The bakhtyari conglomerates Geological assessment UCTD Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. The Zagros fold-thrust belt results from the continent-continent collision between the Arabian margin and the Eurasian plate following the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the Tertiary. Despite some ongoing controversies about the timing of the onset of the collision there is little doubt that the main episode of the cover shortening in the Zagros folded belt occurred since about 10 Ma as suggested by the youngest folded strata of the Agha Jari red marls. Shortening by about 70 km derived from balanced sections across the Zagros folded belt, yields shortening rates of 7 km Ma-1 consistent with the present-day rates of 0.7 cm yr-1 based on GPS studies. A major unconformity between the Agha Jari formation and the Bakhtyari conglomerates indicates that cover shortening decreased or ceased 5 Ma ago. During or since the deposition of the Bakhtyari Formation, the Zagros fold belt underwent a regional uplift whose origin still remains enigmatic. The deformation is characterized by periodic folding with axial lengths sometimes greater than 200 km. This fold geometry is outlined by the limestone beds of the Asmari Formation, which is one of the main oil reservoirs in the Zagros. The Zagros also serves as the main originating headspring of the rivers running into the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea watersheds. Among all these rivers, the major ones are: Arvand Rud, Gamasb, Karun, Rajah, Zaal and Marun join and form Jarahi, Seymareh, Qareh Aqhaj, Zohreh, Dalaki, Mend, Shur, Minab, Mehran and Naband. Therefore, the Zagros region has high potential for dam construction to control surface water for electric energy, water supply for irrigation of agricultural lands and land reclamation. Among various formations in the Zagros region, the Asmari Formation limestone with relatively exclusive characteristics such as rigidity and morphology is a suitable rock foundation for dams in the Zagros range. It should be considered that the Asmari limestones constitute a series of double plunging, asymmetrical folds with northwest-southeast trend and that the southern flanks are steeper than the north-eastern ones (70° to 90º, locally reversed). Due to varying inclinations, there are much more curvatures of strata in the southwestern flanks of folded structures, with different characteristics of the rock mass in the two flanks of the anticlines. The anticlines, particularly in the Asmari Formation, contain tension-induced, open fracturing which has introduced significant secondary permeability. Engineering geological investigations indicate that there is a clear relationship between rock mass characteristics of the Asmari Formation and tectonic activities such as various tilting and curvature rates of strata at folded structures in the Zagros Mountain range. In this regard it should be considered that the upper and middle units of the Asmari Formation that constituted the main dam foundation rock mass on the northern flanks are influenced by karstification processes which have resulted from aggressive mineral waters. Thus huge karst features and cavities can be observed, where the Gachsaran evaporites stratigraphically overlie Asmari Formation succession limestones. The aggressive mineral waters originating from the Gachsaran Formation play the main role in karstification of the Asmari Formation limestones, whereas the lower Asmari is less influenced by these solutions and karstification processes as it is restricted to where the Karun-3 and Karun-4 dams are situated. Reassessment of available data and geological investigations during this research, lead to a new proposed configuration of engineering characterization of the rock mass for the Asmari formation limestones in the Zagros Region. Geology unrestricted 2013-09-06T17:06:56Z 2013-05-20 2013-09-06T17:06:56Z 2013-04-17 2012 2013-05-03 Thesis Koleini, M 2012, Engineering geological assessment and rock mass characterization of the Asmari formation (Zagros range) as large dam foundation rocks in southwestern Iran, PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24303 > D13/4/521/ag http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24303 http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05032013-103450/ © 2012 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | Agha jari formation Rock mass The bakhtyari conglomerates Geological assessment UCTD Engineering geological assessment and rock mass characterization of the Asmari formation (Zagros range) as large dam foundation rocks in southwestern Iran |
| title | Engineering geological assessment and rock mass characterization of the Asmari formation (Zagros range) as large dam foundation rocks in southwestern Iran |
| title_full | Engineering geological assessment and rock mass characterization of the Asmari formation (Zagros range) as large dam foundation rocks in southwestern Iran |
| title_fullStr | Engineering geological assessment and rock mass characterization of the Asmari formation (Zagros range) as large dam foundation rocks in southwestern Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Engineering geological assessment and rock mass characterization of the Asmari formation (Zagros range) as large dam foundation rocks in southwestern Iran |
| title_short | Engineering geological assessment and rock mass characterization of the Asmari formation (Zagros range) as large dam foundation rocks in southwestern Iran |
| title_sort | engineering geological assessment and rock mass characterization of the asmari formation zagros range as large dam foundation rocks in southwestern iran |
| topic | Agha jari formation Rock mass The bakhtyari conglomerates Geological assessment UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24303 http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05032013-103450/ |