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Transgenic sorghum : effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation, protein quality, protein body structure and endosperm texture
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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University of Pretoria
2013
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| _version_ | 1867613498951860224 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Taylor, J.R.N. (John Reginald Nuttall) |
| author_browse | Taylor, J.R.N. (John Reginald Nuttall) |
| author_facet | Taylor, J.R.N. (John Reginald Nuttall) |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2012 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/27798 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:37:06.816Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateRange | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/27798 Transgenic sorghum : effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation, protein quality, protein body structure and endosperm texture Taylor, J.R.N. (John Reginald Nuttall) Taylor, Janet dasilvals@tut.ac.za Da Silva, Laura Suzanne Protein quality Endosperm texture Protein body structure Transgenic sorghum Kafirin polymerisation UCTD Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. Transgenic (TG) sorghum genotypes with altered kafirin synthesis were developed by the Africa Biofortified Sorghum Project, employing recombinant DNA technology, with the aim of improving the protein nutritional quality of the grain. In this project, the effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation, protein quality, protein body structure and endosperm texture in different TG lines were investigated. The first generation of TG lines were in a type II low-tannin sorghum background. Altered synthesis of different major kafirin sub-classes (α-, γ- and σ-kafirin) was targeted. Some TG lines had improved lysine content (3.17 g/100 g protein) and moderate (55%) to high (74%) cooked in vitro protein digestibility, compared to the parent (2.05 g/100 g protein; 47.4%, respectively). This is of significance as tannins reduce protein digestibility, by complexing with the proline-rich kafirins. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the improved protein quality traits were associated with floury endosperm texture and irregular protein body structure. Irregular protein bodies were 2-3 ìm in diameter, with few to numerous invaginations, compared to normal protein bodies. The high digestibility TG line also had a unique dense protein matrix, with occasional thick dark-staining inclusions. It appears that reduced kafirin synthesis, specifically γ-kafirin, has a major effect on the protein body structure, which in turn results in changes in protein digestibility and endosperm structure. To further improve the protein quality and poor endosperm texture of the first generation of TG lines, improved non-tannin sorghums were transformed to suppress kafirin synthesis, or they were back-crossed into TG lines with improved protein quality. Co-suppression of the α-, γ- and σ-kafirin sub-classes and removal of the tannin trait, resulted in TG with high cooked protein digestibility (±80%), improved Amino Acid Score (0.8) and Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (0.7) compared to the non-TG null controls (±50%, 0.4 and 0.2, respectively). However, these high-protein quality lines still had a floury endosperm texture. They also had irregular shaped protein body structure, as described previously. When fewer kafirin sub-classes were suppressed (only γ- and σ-kafirin) the endosperm was corneous with normal protein body structure, but the improvement in cooked protein digestibility was less. Apparently, co-suppression of several kafirin sub-classes is required to obtain high-protein quality sorghum, but this seems to result in floury-type grain endosperm. Further work conducted on the high digestible TG line revealed that the proportion of kafirin-1, extracted with 60% tert-butanol alone, was greatly increased. However, the total amount of kafirin remained unchanged. Also, the kafirin was much less polymerised by disulphide bonding, and there was evidence of compensatory synthesis of other kafirin proteins. Hence, the mechanism for the increased protein digestibility of TG lines is probably related to their lower levels of disulphide-bonded kafirins, allowing better access of proteases. This work appears to confirm that disulphide bond formation in kafirin is responsible for the reduced protein digestibility of cooked sorghum. Since grain hardness is an important grain quality attribute, playing a major agronomic role, in sorghum processing and in the end-use quality of sorghum-based foods, further research should focus on transforming sorghum to have both improved protein nutritional quality and good grain endosperm texture. Food Science unrestricted 2013-09-07T12:20:54Z 2012-09-14 2013-09-07T12:20:54Z 2012-09-07 2012-09-14 2012-09-06 Thesis Da Silva, LS 2012, Transgenic sorghum : effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation, protein quality, protein body structure and endosperm texture , PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27798 > D12/9/66/ag http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27798 http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09062012-150616/ © 2012 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | Protein quality Endosperm texture Protein body structure Transgenic sorghum Kafirin polymerisation UCTD Transgenic sorghum : effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation, protein quality, protein body structure and endosperm texture |
| title | Transgenic sorghum : effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation, protein quality, protein body structure and endosperm texture |
| title_full | Transgenic sorghum : effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation, protein quality, protein body structure and endosperm texture |
| title_fullStr | Transgenic sorghum : effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation, protein quality, protein body structure and endosperm texture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transgenic sorghum : effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation, protein quality, protein body structure and endosperm texture |
| title_short | Transgenic sorghum : effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation, protein quality, protein body structure and endosperm texture |
| title_sort | transgenic sorghum effects of altered kafirin synthesis on kafirin polymerisation protein quality protein body structure and endosperm texture |
| topic | Protein quality Endosperm texture Protein body structure Transgenic sorghum Kafirin polymerisation UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27798 http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09062012-150616/ |