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Evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated African swine fever virus isolate against heterologous challenge
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2014
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| _version_ | 1867613465156255744 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Vosloo, Wilna |
| author_browse | Vosloo, Wilna |
| author_facet | Vosloo, Wilna |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2013 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/33369 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:36:34.553Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateRange | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/33369 Evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated African swine fever virus isolate against heterologous challenge Vosloo, Wilna rgomessouto@gmail.com Heath, Livio Edward Souto, Ricardo Gomes African swine fever virus Asfivirus Asfarviridae Domestic pig (Sus domesticus) Diseases Bone marrow macrophages Blood macrophages Alveolar macrophages UCTD ASFV Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is an Asfivirus and is the only member of the family Asfarviridae. It manifests as a disease that varies from acute to sub-acute or chronic forms. A true carrier state in domestic pigs is unknown but chronically affected individuals may carry and spread the virus for extended periods. African Swine Fever (ASF) is a socio-economically important disease characterized by high morbidity and mortality affecting the livelihood of many small to big scale farmers and seriously compromising international trade. Strategic measures to control this disease are by physical containment and culling in outbreak situations. There is no vaccine available. Nevertheless, every pork producer should ideally be actively involved in having biosecurity measures in place to avoid contamination and contacting their veterinary services in case of suspicion of ASF to have appropriate samples analysed. Official veterinary services must be equipped with proper diagnostic tools in order to provide a quick response. The sensitivity of currently available diagnostic tests at the Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute was analysed in order to report the best technique available. Sensitivity to ASF virus infection and therefore diagnostic potential of cell primary cultures as bone marrow macrophages, blood macrophages and alveolar macrophages was done via comparison of titre results from inoculations of ASFV SPEC 257 as control, and ASFV MOZ 1/98. In addition, molecular detection of specific DNA fragments within the viral genome were compared using five different PCRs. Bone marrow macrophage cultures and blood macrophage cultures were the most reliable cells whereas alveolar macrophages more often showed contamination. Results show that PPA PCR and real time PCR detected the highest diluted samples, thus the lowest concentration of virus, in both trials done with ASFV MOZ 1/98 and ASFV SPEC 257. In addition, animal trials were performed by inoculating domestic pigs with four different ASFV isolates of varying pathogenicity. These viruses were all from distinct geographic origins. Non-virulent ASFV OURT 3/88 and high virulent ASFV BENIN 1/97 were previously described and used as reference viruses. ASFV MOZ 1/98, suspected of having high virulence and ASFV MKUZE, which was thought to be of low virulence were included in this study to provide further information on the pathological and clinical outcome of the disease as well as measuring viral replication in various organs and blood. The study showed that ASFV MKUZE was of intermediate virulence, whilst ASFV MOZ 1/98 was highly virulent with a high mortality rate. Results confirmed the inadequacy of ASFV MKUZE to act as vaccine opposed to ASFV OURT 3/88. Following this, a potential vaccine by use of attenuated Portuguese ASFV OURT 3/88 tested against virulent heterologous challenge with a strain now known with certainty to cause acute ASF, the isolate ASFV MOZ 1/98 collected from a diseased pig in Mozambique. Domestic commercial pigs where submitted to either one or two vaccinations before challenge. Viral load in blood and tissue samples was higher in unvaccinated animals and higher in single vaccinated than in pigs vaccinated twice. However, acute ASF afflicted all groups with severe clinical signs and post-mortem lesions. Although it did not confer total immunity it was determined that pigs vaccinated with European attenuated ASFV OURT 3/88 acquired partial protection against challenge with virulent southern Africa ASFV MOZ 1/98. gm2014 ab2015 Veterinary Tropical Diseases unrestricted 2014-02-11T05:14:55Z 2014-02-11T05:14:55Z 2013-09-06 2012 Dissertation Souto, RG 2012, Evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated African swine feber virus isolate against heterologous challenge, MSc dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33369> E13/9/1126/gm http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33369 en © 2013 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | African swine fever virus Asfivirus Asfarviridae Domestic pig (Sus domesticus) Diseases Bone marrow macrophages Blood macrophages Alveolar macrophages UCTD ASFV Evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated African swine fever virus isolate against heterologous challenge |
| title | Evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated African swine fever virus isolate against heterologous challenge |
| title_full | Evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated African swine fever virus isolate against heterologous challenge |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated African swine fever virus isolate against heterologous challenge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated African swine fever virus isolate against heterologous challenge |
| title_short | Evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated African swine fever virus isolate against heterologous challenge |
| title_sort | evaluation of cross protection by an attenuated african swine fever virus isolate against heterologous challenge |
| topic | African swine fever virus Asfivirus Asfarviridae Domestic pig (Sus domesticus) Diseases Bone marrow macrophages Blood macrophages Alveolar macrophages UCTD ASFV |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33369 |