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An osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of South African children from the Western Cape
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2014
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| _version_ | 1867613572549312512 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | L'Abbe, Ericka Noelle |
| author_browse | L'Abbe, Ericka Noelle |
| author_facet | L'Abbe, Ericka Noelle |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2013 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/40263 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:38:16.420Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateRange | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/40263 An osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of South African children from the Western Cape L'Abbe, Ericka Noelle kstullster@gmail.com Ousley, Stephen D. Stull, Kyra Elizabeth Subadult Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) Basis splines Flexible discriminant analysis Logistic regression Growth Sex estimation Age estimation Diaphysis Anthropology UCTD Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. The main goal of a forensic anthropological analysis of unidentified human remains is to establish an accurate biological profile. The largest obstacle in the creation or validation of techniques specific for subadults is the lack of large, modern samples. Techniques created for subadults were mainly derived from antiquated North American or European samples and thus inapplicable to a modern South African population as the techniques lack diversity and ignore the secular trends in modern children. This research provides accurate and reliable methods to estimate age and sex of South African subadults aged birth to 12 years from long bone lengths and breadths, as no appropriate techniques exist. Standard postcraniometric variables (n = 18) were collected from six long bones on 1380 (males = 804, females = 506) Lodox Statscan-generated radiographic images housed at the Forensic Pathology Service, Salt River and the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Measurement definitions were derived from and/or follow studies in fetal and subadult osteology and longitudinal growth studies. Radiographic images were generated between 2007 and 2012, thus the majority of children (70%) were born after 2000 and thus reflect the modern population. Because basis splines and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) are nonparametric the 95% prediction intervals associated with each age at death model were calculated with cross-validation. Numerous classification methods were employed namely linear, quadratic, and flexible discriminant analysis, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, and random forests to identify the method that consistently yielded the lowest error rates. Because some of the multivariate subsets demonstrated small sample sizes, the classification accuracies were bootstrapped to validate results. Both univariate and multivariate models were employed in the age and sex estimation analyses. Standard errors for the age estimation models were smaller in most of the multivariate models with the exception of the univariate humerus, femur, and tibia diaphyseal lengths. Univariate models provide narrower age estimates at the younger ages but the multivariate models provide narrower age estimates at the older ages. Diaphyseal lengths did not demonstrate any significant sex differences at any age, but diaphyseal breadths demonstrated significant sex differences throughout the majority of the ages. Classification methods utilizing multivariate subsets achieved the highest accuracies, which offer practical applicability in forensic anthropology (81% to 90%). Whereas logistic regression yielded the highest classification accuracies for univariate models, FDA yielded the highest classification accuracies for multivariate models. This study is the first to successfully estimate subadult age and sex using an extensive number of measurements, univariate and multivariate models, and robust statistical analyses. The success of the current study is directly related to the large, modern sample size, which ultimately captured a wider range of human variation than previously collected for subadult diaphyseal dimensions. gm2014 Anatomy unrestricted 2014-06-17T13:07:57Z 2014-06-17T13:07:57Z 2014-04-25 2013 Thesis Stull, KE 2013, An osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of South African children from the Western Cape, PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40263> D14/4/103/gm http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40263 en © 2013 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | Subadult Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) Basis splines Flexible discriminant analysis Logistic regression Growth Sex estimation Age estimation Diaphysis Anthropology UCTD An osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of South African children from the Western Cape |
| title | An osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of South African children from the Western Cape |
| title_full | An osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of South African children from the Western Cape |
| title_fullStr | An osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of South African children from the Western Cape |
| title_full_unstemmed | An osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of South African children from the Western Cape |
| title_short | An osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of South African children from the Western Cape |
| title_sort | osteometric evaluation of age and sex differences in the long bones of south african children from the western cape |
| topic | Subadult Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) Basis splines Flexible discriminant analysis Logistic regression Growth Sex estimation Age estimation Diaphysis Anthropology UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40263 |