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Characterisation of the genetic diversity of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, populations from South Africa
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2015
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| _version_ | 1867613571520659456 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Maritz-Olivier, Christine |
| author_browse | Maritz-Olivier, Christine |
| author_facet | Maritz-Olivier, Christine |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2014 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/43208 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:38:15.902Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateRange | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/43208 Characterisation of the genetic diversity of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, populations from South Africa Maritz-Olivier, Christine Bloomer, Paulette Oberholster, Tanzelle Rhipicephalus microplus Genetic diversity Acaricide resistance Geographical distribution Phylogeography UCTD Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. Rhipicephalus microplus belongs to the Ixodidae, the largest family of ticks, which are of great economic importance due to their negative socio-economic impact on agriculture (BROUQUI 2011; PORTO NETOA et al. 2011; SONENSHINE 1991). Acaricides have been the first choice in tick control for cattle farmers, but R. microplus rapidly acquires resistance to these chemicals. Replication slippage and recombination drive genetic diversity in tick populations (BAFFI et al. 2007; GUERRERO et al. 2007; LI et al. 2007); generating point mutations and frame shifts within the genes targeted by acaricides, resulting in resistance (BAFFI et al. 2007; HERNANDEZ et al. 2002; HERNANDEZ et al. 2000; JONSSON et al. 2010; MORGAN et al. 2009). In addition, resistance can quickly accumulate in a population due to the pangamy mating structure of ticks (CHEVILLON et al. 2007b; CUTULLÉ et al. 2010) and their ability to produce multiple generations within one season (BUDELI et al. 2009; LI et al. 2007). Vaccines have become increasingly important to control ticks, as acaricide resistance can be acquired by field tick populations within two years (RODRIGUEZ-VIVAS et al. 2011). Although Bm86 has been successful against multiple-acaricide resistant ticks, recent reports indicate that the Bm86 vaccine has become ineffective, possibly due to resistance (PARIZI et al. 2009). Also, Bm86 vaccines display great variability in terms of their efficacy against ticks isolated across Argentina (GARCIA-GARCIA et al. 2000; PARIZI et al. 2009). This is hypothesised to be due to the genetic variability between R. micoplus populations. The majority of phylogenetic studies on ticks have been based on slow evolving sequences, such as 18S or 28S rRNA, which provide genus-level resolution. The COI, D3, ANT and ITS2 genes have the potential to resolve intra-specific and interspecies variation, and may assist with the identification of cryptic speciation within R. microplus of South Africa (ANSTEAD et al. 2011; BARKER 1998; CAREW et al. 2009; MURRELL et al. 2000; SONGA et al. 2011). Phylogeography is a multidisciplinary field that utilises phylogenetic (molecular evidence of speciation) and population genetic principles (coalescence theory), in combination with additional data (such as geography and population history), to determine the genetic relationships of populations within a species (AVISE 2009) and was one of the main aspects of this study. The phylogenetic and population genetic structure of R. microplus will provide valuable information to geneticists, farmers and acaricide/vaccine suppliers about the different R. microplus tick populations of South Africa. The information will facilitate more efficient and targeted tick control whether acaricide or vaccine based as opposed to the inefficient approaches generally adopted to tick control. lk2014 Genetics MSc Unrestricted 2015-01-19T12:11:15Z 2015-01-19T12:11:15Z 2014/12/12 2014 Dissertation Oberholster, T 2014, Characterisation of the genetic diversity of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, populations from South Africa, MSc Dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43208> M14/9/200 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43208 en © 2014 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | Rhipicephalus microplus Genetic diversity Acaricide resistance Geographical distribution Phylogeography UCTD Characterisation of the genetic diversity of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, populations from South Africa |
| title | Characterisation of the genetic diversity of the southern cattle tick,
Rhipicephalus microplus, populations from South Africa |
| title_full | Characterisation of the genetic diversity of the southern cattle tick,
Rhipicephalus microplus, populations from South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Characterisation of the genetic diversity of the southern cattle tick,
Rhipicephalus microplus, populations from South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterisation of the genetic diversity of the southern cattle tick,
Rhipicephalus microplus, populations from South Africa |
| title_short | Characterisation of the genetic diversity of the southern cattle tick,
Rhipicephalus microplus, populations from South Africa |
| title_sort | characterisation of the genetic diversity of the southern cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus populations from south africa |
| topic | Rhipicephalus microplus Genetic diversity Acaricide resistance Geographical distribution Phylogeography UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43208 |