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Forensic audio : the relevance of Electric Network Frequency Analysis as an authentication tool in South Africa
Mini-dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2015
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| _version_ | 1867613592683020288 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | De Villiers, William Murray |
| author_browse | De Villiers, William Murray |
| author_facet | De Villiers, William Murray |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2015 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Mini-dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2015. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/50875 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:38:35.948Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateRange | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/50875 Forensic audio : the relevance of Electric Network Frequency Analysis as an authentication tool in South Africa De Villiers, William Murray tarryn.denton@gmail.com Denton, Tarryn-Chevonne Morgaine UCTD Electric Network Frequency (ENF) Digital Audio Authenticity Forensic Audio Audio Integrity Authentication Digital Audio Recording Music theses SDG-09 SDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure Music theses SDG-16 SDG-16: Peace, justice and strong institutions Mini-dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2015. The predominance of digital media in modern society has presented a need for methods of authenticating digital audio. When an audio recording is presented as part of legal or business proceedings, it may be necessary to provide proof of authenticity. This minidissertation investigates to what extent Electric Network Frequency (ENF) analysis can be implemented as an authentication technique within a South African context. The electricity supply frequency exhibits random deviations in time from the nominal frequency of 50 Hz. ENF analysis is based on the premise that the supply frequency is detectable in audio recordings made on equipment utilising, or in close proximity to, electrical equipment that utilises the main electrical network. The recorded ENF signal can be extracted and used as a unique temporal identifier for determining the authenticity of an audio recording. Results of experiments conducted in this study indicate that it is possible for a detectable ENF signal to be induced into an audio recording, and subsequently isolated for further analysis. It is possible to compare the extracted ENF signal to the extracted ENF signal from a reliable database to determine temporal authenticity, and investigate the integrity of the file. It is found that the following minimum requirements must be met for successful ENF authenticity analysis: • The recording device be powered by the main electrical network, • The equipment be proven to be suitable for use in ENF analysis, i.e. no UPS device is used; the microphone does not have any electrical components that could alter the ENF signal, and the sound card does not induce any frequency components or noise into the signal; and • The availability of a reliable comparative temporal database of ENF values. Furthermore, results indicate that establishing an ENF temporal database by recording the supply frequency utilising a data acquisition unit, and subsequently processing the signal, is more practical than recording the database as an audio file. It was found that the South African electricity supply is sufficiently random to be suitable for ENF authenticity analysis. Recommendations for further study are made. tm2015 ae2025 Music Mmus Unrestricted SDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure SDG-16: Peace, justice and strong institutions 2015-11-25T09:54:03Z 2015-11-25T09:54:03Z 2015/09/01 2015 Mini Dissertation Denton, TM 2015, Forensic audio : the relevance of Electric Network Frequency Analysis as an authentication tool in South Africa, Mmus Mini-dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50875> S2015 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50875 en © 2015 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Electric Network Frequency (ENF) Digital Audio Authenticity Forensic Audio Audio Integrity Authentication Digital Audio Recording Music theses SDG-09 SDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure Music theses SDG-16 SDG-16: Peace, justice and strong institutions Forensic audio : the relevance of Electric Network Frequency Analysis as an authentication tool in South Africa |
| title | Forensic audio : the relevance of Electric Network Frequency Analysis as an authentication tool in South Africa |
| title_full | Forensic audio : the relevance of Electric Network Frequency Analysis as an authentication tool in South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Forensic audio : the relevance of Electric Network Frequency Analysis as an authentication tool in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forensic audio : the relevance of Electric Network Frequency Analysis as an authentication tool in South Africa |
| title_short | Forensic audio : the relevance of Electric Network Frequency Analysis as an authentication tool in South Africa |
| title_sort | forensic audio the relevance of electric network frequency analysis as an authentication tool in south africa |
| topic | UCTD Electric Network Frequency (ENF) Digital Audio Authenticity Forensic Audio Audio Integrity Authentication Digital Audio Recording Music theses SDG-09 SDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure Music theses SDG-16 SDG-16: Peace, justice and strong institutions |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50875 |