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Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2016
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| _version_ | 1867613639350943744 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Ledibane, N.R.T. |
| author_browse | Ledibane, N.R.T. |
| author_facet | Ledibane, N.R.T. |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2016 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/53058 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:39:20.633Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateRange | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/53058 Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort Ledibane, N.R.T. m_manentsa@yahoo.com Rheeder, Paul Manentsa, Mmatsie UCTD HIV/AIDS Antiretroviral therapy Stavudine Drug toxicity Antiretroviral toxicity Health sciences theses SDG-03 Health sciences theses SDG-17 Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015. Background Stavudine (d4T) is an antiretroviral drug used in developing countries for the management of HIV due to its efficacy and low cost. Concerns over its toxic side effects has led the WHO to recommend that it be phased out. The study aim was to ascertain whether a low, yet efficacious dose of d4T (20 mg twice daily) would lead to fewer incidences of toxicity. Objectives This study compared incidence of toxicity in patients on low dose d4T (20 mg) versus the higher doses (30 mg /40 mg). Methods A retrospective analysis using STATA 12 was conducted on 1086 patients in a South African HIV treatment cohort. They were stratified into 3 d4T dose groups; 20 mg (n=43); 30 mg (n=707); and 40 mg (n=336). Time to onset of toxicity was assessed using survival analysis. Toxicity incidence rates were estimated using Poisson regression. Cox models were used to determine risk factors. Results Median time to onset of toxicity was 217, 137 and 55 weeks for the d4T 20 mg, d4T 30 mg and d4T 40 mg groups, respectively. Toxicity incidence rates per 100 person-years were 43 (95%CI 25 - 76), 67 (95%CI 54 - 83) and 174 (95%CI 143 - 211), respectively. Patients on d4T 20 mg were less likely to develop toxicity compared to the other doses, hazard ratio 0.36 (95%CI 0.20 - 0.65). Female sex was a risk factor for toxicity, hazard ratio 1.58 (95%CI 1.25 2.00). Other identified risk factors included the presence of renal dysfunction as well as BMI. Conclusion d4T 20 mg twice daily led to fewer incidences of toxicity. Further clinical trials are needed to compare this drug dose to other antiretrovirals. em2026 School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH) MSc Unrestricted SDG-03: Good health and well-being SDG-17: Partnerships for the goals 2016-06-10T07:22:51Z 2016-06-10T07:22:51Z 2016-04-22 2015 Dissertation Manentsa, M 2015, Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort, MSc Dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53058> A2016 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53058 en © 2016 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD HIV/AIDS Antiretroviral therapy Stavudine Drug toxicity Antiretroviral toxicity Health sciences theses SDG-03 Health sciences theses SDG-17 Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort |
| title | Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort |
| title_full | Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort |
| title_fullStr | Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort |
| title_short | Stavudine-associated toxicity in patients on low-dose versus high-dose Stavudine in an HIV treatment cohort |
| title_sort | stavudine associated toxicity in patients on low dose versus high dose stavudine in an hiv treatment cohort |
| topic | UCTD HIV/AIDS Antiretroviral therapy Stavudine Drug toxicity Antiretroviral toxicity Health sciences theses SDG-03 Health sciences theses SDG-17 |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53058 |