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Design considerations of South African residential distribution systems containing embedded generation
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2018
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| _version_ | 1867613715274137600 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Naidoo, Robin |
| author_browse | Naidoo, Robin |
| author_facet | Naidoo, Robin |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2018 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/66208 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:40:32.922Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateRange | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/66208 Design considerations of South African residential distribution systems containing embedded generation Naidoo, Robin GUREKRU@YAHOO.CO.UK Kruger, Gustav Reinhold UCTD Embedded Generation Distributed Generation High Density residential clusters Distribution grid Photo Voltaic System Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017. The electricity generation composition in the South African national grid has changed in recent years from mostly thermal generation to a combination of thermal generation plants and a variety of plants owned and operated by Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers (REIPPs). The need arises to determine whether the existing planning and design guidelines of distribution networks in South Africa are sufficient in terms of equipment specifications and general sizing and rating principles, used during the network planning process, under increasing penetration levels of embedded generation. The correlation between increases in embedded generation penetration levels and voltage variation, unbalance and harmonic emissions are determined by simulating various operating scenarios of varying load and short circuit level for penetration levels of 10%, 25% and 40%. The existing distribution grid planning standard NRS 097 allows for a 25% penetration level where several consumers share one feeder or distribution transformer. Some of the limits contained in the South African power quality standards NRS 048 and the distribution grid planning guidelines NRS 097 are exceeded when penetration levels of grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) generation exceeds certain levels. - Switching embedded generation in or out of service does not cause voltage variations that exceed the planning limit of 3% at the shared feeder. - Voltage unbalance due to embedded generation connected to the same phase does not cause the compatibility limit of 3% to be exceeded. - Current unbalance should be monitored as it is very likely that equipment ratings may be exceeded when the integration of embedded generation is not coordinated. - Voltage harmonic limits of the odd harmonic which are multiples of 3 are exceeded. - Current harmonic planning limits of several harmonics are exceeded for penetration levels of 25%. The criteria and limits contained in the standards and guidelines relating to current unbalance and harmonic currents should be reviewed to ensure that future grids with high penetration levels of embedded generation can withstand the inherent power quality challenges without having an adverse effect on distribution equipment. Distribution transformers can age faster when they are subjected to harmonic currents and voltages exceeding their design parameters [12]. The distribution transformer isolates the Medium Voltage (MV) distribution grid from the 400 V residential grid. The voltage harmonics and voltage unbalance on the Low Voltage (LV) grid therefore do not permeate to the MV grid. Proposed future work includes translating the qualitative suggestions made in this dissertation into quantitative terms that can be included in revisions of the distribution equipment standards and grid planning guidelines. Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering MEng Unrestricted 2018-08-17T09:42:40Z 2018-08-17T09:42:40Z 2005/03/18 2017 Dissertation Kruger, KR 2017, Design considerations of South African residential distribution systems containing embedded generation, MEng Dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd <http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66208> A2018 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66208 en © 2018 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Embedded Generation Distributed Generation High Density residential clusters Distribution grid Photo Voltaic System Design considerations of South African residential distribution systems containing embedded generation |
| title | Design considerations of South African residential distribution systems containing embedded generation |
| title_full | Design considerations of South African residential distribution systems containing embedded generation |
| title_fullStr | Design considerations of South African residential distribution systems containing embedded generation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design considerations of South African residential distribution systems containing embedded generation |
| title_short | Design considerations of South African residential distribution systems containing embedded generation |
| title_sort | design considerations of south african residential distribution systems containing embedded generation |
| topic | UCTD Embedded Generation Distributed Generation High Density residential clusters Distribution grid Photo Voltaic System |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66208 |